A brief MySQL tutorial

CSE 134A: Web Service Design and Programming Fall 2001 9/28/2001

Creating and Deleting Databases

1) Creating a database

mysql> CREATE database 134a; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

2) Deleting a database

mysql> DROP database 134a; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Creating a Table
3) After we have created the database we use the USE statement to change the current database; mysql> USE 134a; Database changed

4) Creating a table in the database is achieved with the CREATE table statement mysql> CREATE TABLE president ( -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) last_name varchar(15) not null, first_name varchar(15) not null, state varchar(2) not null, city varchar(20) not null, birth date not null default '0000-00-00',

death date null

Examining the Results

5) To see what tables are present in the database use the SHOW tables:

mysql> SHOW tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_134a | +----------------+ | president |

+----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6) The command DESCRIBE can be used to view the structure of a table

mysql> DESCRIBE president; +------------+-------------+------+-----+------------+-------+---------------------------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges |

+------------+-------------+------+-----+------------+-------+---------------------------------+ | last_name | varchar(15) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | select,insert,update,references | | select,insert,update,references | | select,insert,update,references | | select,insert,update,references | | select,insert,update,references | | select,insert,update,references |

| first_name | varchar(15) | | state | city | birth | death | char(2) |

| varchar(20) | | date | date | | YES

| 0000-00-00 | | NULL |

+------------+-------------+------+-----+------------+-------+---------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Inserting / Retrieving Data into / from Tables

7) To insert new rows into an existing table use the INSERT command:

mysql> INSERT INTO president values ('Washington', 'George', 'VA', 'Westmoreland County', '17320212', '17991214'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

8) With the SELECT command we can retrieve previously inserted rows:

mysql> SELECT * FROM president; +------------+------------+-------+---------------------+------------+------------+ | last_name | first_name | state | city | birth | death |

+------------+------------+-------+---------------------+------------+------------+ | Washington | George | VA | Westmoreland County | 1732-02-12 | 1799-12-14 |

+------------+------------+-------+---------------------+------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Deleting and Updating Rows

11) Deleting selected rows from a table using the DELETE command

mysql> DELETE FROM president WHERE first_name="George"; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

12) To modify or update entries in the table use the UPDATE command

mysql> UPDATE president SET state="CA" WHERE first_name="George"; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

Loading a Database from a File

13) Loading a your data from a file into a table.

Assuming we have a file named "president_db" in the current directory, with multiple INSERT commands in it, we can use the LOAD DATA command to insert the data into the table president.

mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'president_db' INTO TABLE president; Query OK, 45 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 45 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

Note, that any ascii file that contains a valid sequence of MySql commands on separate lines can be read in from the command line as:

>mysql -u USERNAME -p < MY_Mysql_FILE

More on SELECT

A general form of SELECT is:

SELECT what to select FROM table(s) WHERE condition that the data must satisfy;

Comparison operators are: < ; <= ; = ; != or <> ; >= ; > Logical operators are: AND ; OR ; NOT Comparison operator for special value NULL: IS

More on SELECT (cont.)

14) The following MySQL query will return all the fields for the presidents whose state field is "NY";

mysql> SELECT * FROM president WHERE state="NY"; +-----------+-------------+-------+---------------+------------+------------+ | last_name | first_name | state | city | birth | death |

+-----------+-------------+-------+---------------+------------+------------+ | Van Buren | Martin | Fillmore | Millard | NY | NY | NY | Kinderhook | 1782-12-05 | 1862-07-24 |

| Cayuga County | 1800-01-07 | 1874-03-08 | | New York | Hyde Park | 1858-10-27 | 1919-01-06 | | 1882-01-30 | 1945-04-12 |

| Roosevelt | Theodore

| Roosevelt | Franklin D. | NY

+-----------+-------------+-------+---------------+------------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

More on SELECT (cont.)

15) We can limit the values of the returned fields as it is shown bellow:

mysql> SELECT last_name, first_name FROM president WHERE state="NY"; +-----------+-------------+ | last_name | first_name |

+-----------+-------------+ | Van Buren | Martin | Fillmore | Millard | | |

| Roosevelt | Theodore

| Roosevelt | Franklin D. | +-----------+-------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

More on SELECT (cont.)

16) The following entry SELECT will return the last name and birth date of presidents who are still alive

Note: The comparison operator will not work in this case:

mysql> SELECT * FROM president WHERE death = NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT last_name, birth FROM president WHERE death is NULL; +-----------+------------+ | last_name | birth |

+-----------+------------+ | Ford | Carter | Reagan | Bush | Clinton | Bush | 1913-07-14 | | 1924-10-01 | | 1911-02-06 | | 1924-06-12 | | 1946-08-19 | | 1946-07-06 |

+-----------+------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

More on SELECT (cont.)

17) This command will select the presidents who were born in the 18th century

mysql> SELECT last_name, birth FROM president WHERE birth<"1800-01-01"; +------------+------------+ | last_name | birth |

+------------+------------+ | Washington | 1732-02-12 | | Adams | Jefferson | Madison | Monroe | Adams | Jackson | Van Buren | Harrison | Tyler | Polk | Taylor | Buchanan | 1735-10-30 | | 1735-04-13 | | 1751-03-16 | | 1758-04-28 | | 1767-07-11 | | 1767-03-15 | | 1782-12-05 | | 1773-02-09 | | 1790-03-29 | | 1795-11-02 | | 1784-11-24 | | 1791-04-23 |

+------------+------------+ 13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

More on SELECT (cont.)

18) The following command will select the president who was born first

mysql> SELECT last_name, birth from president ORDER BY birth ASC LIMIT 1; +------------+------------+ | last_name | birth |

+------------+------------+ | Washington | 1732-02-12 | +------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

More on SELECT (cont.)

19) The following query will return the names of fist 5 states (in descending order) in which the greatest number of presidents have been born

mysql> SELECT state, count(*) AS times FROM president GROUP BY state -> ORDER BY times DESC LIMIT 5; +-------+-------+ | state | times | +-------+-------+ | VA | OH | MA | NY | NC | | | | | 8 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 |

+-------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

More on SELECT (cont.)

20) The following query will select presidents who have been born

More on SELECT (cont.)

21) The following query will sort presidents who have died by their age and list the first 10 in descending order.

mysql> SELECT last_name, birth, death, FLOOR((TO_DAYS(death) - TO_DAYS(birth))/365) AS age -> FROM president -> WHERE death is not NULL ORDER BY age DESC LIMIT 10; +------------+------------+------------+------+ | last_name | birth | death | age |

+------------+------------+------------+------+ | Jefferson | Adams | Hoover | Truman | Madison | Nixon | Adams | Van Buren | Jackson | 1735-04-13 | 1826-07-04 | | 1735-10-30 | 1826-07-04 | | 1874-08-10 | 1964-10-20 | | 1884-05-08 | 1972-12-26 | | 1751-03-16 | 1836-06-28 | | 1913-01-09 | 1994-04-22 | | 1767-07-11 | 1848-02-23 | | 1782-12-05 | 1862-07-24 | | 1767-03-15 | 1845-06-08 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 88 | 85 | 81 | 80 | 79 | 78 | 78 |

| Eisenhower | 1890-10-14 | 1969-03-28 |

+------------+------------+------------+------+

Working with Multiple Tables

22) Often it is useful to separate data in conceptually distinct groups and store them in separate tables. Assuming we have a table that contains students' personal information, and we have another table that contains test scores of students. We can create a common field in each table, say "ssn" and work with the two tables together as follows:

SELECT last_name, address, test_date, score FROM test, student WHERE test.ssn = student.ssn;

For further examples, tutorials, and syntax visit:

http://www.mysql.com/documentation/index.html http://www.mysql.com/documentation/mysql/bychapter/manual_Introduction.html#General-SQL