Confuted Extra Large Contest

An Extra-Large Math Contest
Compiled by Matt Hansen February 8, 2004

Really Easy Section The questions in this section come primarily from AMC 10. 1. Let X, Y and Z be distinct positive integers such that the product XY Z = 2001. What is the largest possible value of the sum X + Y + Z? 2. Each day, Jenny ate 20% of the jellybeans that were in her jar at the beginning of that day. At the end of the second day, 32 remained. How many jellybeans were in the jar originally? 3. Chandra pays an ISP a xed monthly fee plus an hourly charge for connect time. Her December bill was $12.49, but in January her bill was $17.54 because she used twice as much connect time in December. What is the xed monthly fee? 4. The Fibonacci sequence starts with two 1s, and each term afterwards is the sum of its two predecessors. What one of the ten digits is the last to appear in the units position of a number in the Fibonacci sequence? 5. If |x 2| = p, where x < 2, then x p =? 6. Mrs. Walter gave an exam in a math class of ve students. She entered the scores in random order in a spreadsheet, which recalculated the class average after each score was entered. Mrs. Walter noticed that after each score was entered, the average was always an integer. The scores (listed in ascending order) were 71, 76, 80, 82, and91. What was the last score entered? A bit harder These questions are from AMC 12 tests. 1. If 2 + x = 3, then x =? 2. If M is 30% of Q, Q is 20% of P , and N is 50% of P , then M/N =? 3. Find the area of the triangle bounded by the lines y = x, y = x, and y = 6.
4. How many base 10 four-digit numbers, N = (abcd), satisfy all three of the following conditions? (i) 4, 000 N < 6, 000 (ii) N is a multiple of 5 (iii) 3 b < c 6. 5. If f (x) = ax4 bx2 + x + 5 and f (3) = 2 then f (3) =? 6. If a, b, and c are three (not necessarily dierent) numbers chosen randomly and with replacement from the set 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the probability that ab+c is even is . . . ? More dicult The following questions are from MMPC tests. No calculator is allowed. 1. a) The smaller of two concentric circles has radius one unit. The area of the larger circle is twice the area of the smaller circle. Find R, the dierence in their radii. b) The smaller of two identically oriented equilateral triangles has each side one unit long. The smaller triangle is centered within the larger triangle so that the perpendicular distance between parallel sides is always the same number D. If the area of the larger triangle is exactly twice the area of the smaller triangle, nd D. 2. Solve for x and y, if 1 1 1 + = x2 xy 9 and 1 1 1 + = y2 xy 16
3. The residents of Andromeda use only bills of denominations $3 and $5. All payments are made exactly, with no change given. What whole-dollar payments are not possible? (Justify your answer) 4. Let P (x) = x3 + x2 1 and Q(x) = x3 x 1. Given that r and s are two distinct solutions of P (x) = 0, prove that rs is a solution of Q(x) = 0. Getting Tougher The following questions are from AIME exams. No calculators are allowed. Answers are integers between 000 and 999 inclusive. 1. Find the minimum value of |x p| + |x 15| + |x p 15| for x in the range p x 15, where 0 < p < 15. 2. w and z are complex numbers such that w2 + z 2 = 7 and w3 + z 3 = 10. What is the largest possible real value of w + z? 3. What is the largest 2-digit prime factor of the binomial coecient 200100? 4. For each non-empty subset of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} arrange the members in decreasing order with alternating signs and take the sum. For example, for the subset 5 we get 54. For {6, 3, 1} we get 6 3 + 1 = 4. Find the sum of all the resulting numbers. 2
5. The sequence 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, . . . consists of all positive integers that are not a square or a cube. Find the 500th term. 6. Each angle of a regular r-gon is 59/58 times larger than each angle of a regular s-gon. What is the largest possible value of s? 7. A fair coin is tossed 10 times. What is the chance that no two consecutive tosses are both heads? 8. Note that 6! = 8910. What is the largest n such that n! is a product of n 3 consecutive positive integers? 9. A wooden unit cube rests on a horizontal surface. A point light source a distance x above an upper vertex casts a shadow of the cube on the surface. The area of the shadow (excluding the part under the cube) is 48. Find x. 10. There is a line of lockers numbered 1 to 1024, initially all closed. A man walks down the line, opens 1, then alternately skips and opens each closed locker (so he opens 1, 3, 5, . . . , 1023). At the end of the line he walks back, opens the rst closed locker, then alternately skips and opens each closed locker (so he opens 1024, skips 1022 and so on). He continues to walk up and down the line until all the lockers are open. Which locker is opened last? 11. Find the smallest positive integer n for which (xy 3x 7y 21)n has at least 1996 terms. 12. Find the sum of all positive rationals a/30 (in lowest terms) which are less than 10. 13. At the start of a weekend a player has won the fraction 0.500 of the matches he has played. After playing another four matches, three of which he wins, he has won more than the fraction 0.503 of his matches. What is the largest number of matches he could have won before the weekend? 14. The game of Chomp is played with a 5 by 7 board. Each player alternately takes a bite out of the board by removing a square any and any other squares above and/or to the left of it. How many possible subsets of the 5 x 7 board (including the original board and the empty set) can be obtained by a sequence of bites? 15. ABC is a triangle. The points A , B , C are on sides BC, CA, and AO BO CO AB, respectively; AA , BB , CC meet at O. Also A O + B O + C O = 92. AO BO CO Find A O B O C O .
These are tough The following are USAMO problems.
1. n digits, none of them 0, are randomly (and independently) generated. Find the probability that their product is divisible by 10. 2. A pentagon is such that each triangle formed by three adjacent vertices has area 1. Find its area, but show that there are innitely many incongruent pentagons with this property. 3. Show that if two points lie inside a regular tetrahedron the angle they subtend at a vertex is less than . 3 4. Three vertices of a regular (2n + 1)-sided polygon are chosen at random. Find the probability that the center of the polygon lies inside the resulting triangle. 5. Show that the cube roots of three distinct primes cannot be terms in an arithmetic progression (whether consecutive or not). Good Luck The following are IMO problems. Consider them... a challenge. 1. Given any set of ten distinct numbers in the range 10, 11, . . . , 99, prove that we can always nd two disjoint subsets with the same sum. 2. Prove that (2m)!(2n)! is a multiple of m!n!(m + n)! for any non-negative integers m and n. 3. Given four distinct parallel planes, prove that there exists a regular tetrahedron with a vertex on each plane. 4. f and g are real-valued functions dened on the real line. For all x and y, f (x + y) + f (x y) = 2f (x)g(y). f is not identically zero and |f (x)| 1f orallx. Prove that |g(x)| 1 for all x. 5. Determine all ordered pairs (m, n) of positive integers for which an integer.
n3 +1 mn1
is
6. Show that there exists a set A of positive integers with the following property: for any innite set S of primes, there exist two positive integers m in A and n not in A, each of which is a product of k distinct elements of S for some k 2. Misc. These questions provided by MysticTerminator 1. Prove that for every n, there exists an n-digit multiple of 5n with only odd digits. 2. How many integers n in 1, 2, 3, . . . , 1992 are such that m! never ends in exactly n zeros? 3. If y is proportional to x2 and y is 8 when x is 8, what is y when x is 6? 4
4. What is the remainder when x17 + 1 is divided by x + 1? Note: This contest was compiled by Matt Hansen (confuted) on the Art of Problem Solving (http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/) Intermediate Forum in December 2003. It was TeXed by Keone Hon for Goodly Maths (http://goodlymaths.0catch.com/) in February 2004.

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Confuted Extra Large Contest

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An Extra-Large Math Contest

Compiled by Matt Hansen February 8, 2004

These are tough The following are USAMO problems.

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