How Bertrand Russell Became an Evil Man virtually defenseless population-centers in Japan? The U.S.

by government lied when it said this was necessary to save perhaps a

Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. million or so U.S. soldiers' lives. Before the dropping of what
quickly came to be described in awe-stricken tones as "the bomb,"
Reflections Upon Tragedy & Hope the Emperor of Japan was already negotiating surrender with the
Truman government, through Vatican channels, on the same terms
Prologue Japan's surrender was accepted after the bombs were dropped. 5
With that brief reminiscence, we have touched the history
The spark of genius in the pre-school child, if it has not of this century at one of its crucial turning-points.
been destroyed already, is often typified by the Socratic manner in Since the alleged military urgency of the nuclear bombing
which the child asks "Why?" Sadly, in the United States in our of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a lie, whose purpose did that
times, that spark of genius is usually soon quenched by the old bombing serve? One of those whose purpose was served in
dishwater of what Riesman termed "other-directedness,"[1] by that Hiroshima that day, was a modern Mephistopheles, Bertrand
peculiar turn of the sadistic screw sometimes named euphemistically Russell, whose shadow is cast ominously upon both the living and
empiricism and pragmatism. A child's spark of genius, the wont to generations of all mankind yet unborn, at the projected 1994 U.N.O.
find out how and why past or current opinions and events came into Cairo Population Conference. To understand why British
existence, is replaced by brutish faith in the fruits of mere inductive intelligence networks inside the U.S. government manipulated
generalization from individual and collective experience, a form of President Harry Truman into dropping those unnecessary atom
moral self-degradation often termed "practical common sense," or bombs upon Japanese civilians, it suffices to read Russell's own
with credit given appropriately to bestiality, "horse sense." explanation of his and Winston Churchill's nuclear-weapons policy,
All of the truly great philosophers and teachers of the in the September 1946 edition of The Bulletin of the Atomic
known history of European civilization, beginning with the best of Scientists: "The Atomic Bomb and the Prevention of War." 6
the Ionian Greeks, and associated famously with Plato's Academy at In that 1946 report, Russell presents his motive for the
Athens, or Nicolaus of Cusa and Gottfried Leibniz, have evoked continued use of the geopolitical threat of nuclear weaponry by
true genius from within young people by recapturing that innate himself, Winston Churchill, et al.: to blackmail Moscow into
spark of potential, using what is most fairly described as Socratic submitting to an agreement whose purpose, Russell states explicitly
method. Formalism, by contrast, kills the soul, as this was there, is to transform the then recently established United Nations
recognized by the most famous of the modern formalists, Venice's Organization into the kind of one-world dictatorship for which his
Pietro Pomponazzi,2 who searched for his own soul, and, poor world-federalist utopians have continued to work throughout this
schlemiel that he had become, reported that he had none. century.7
Thus, since it is that innate spark of potential for genius in Russell's strategic dogma, as articulated in that 1946
every human child which sets all mankind absolutely apart from and edition of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, has shaped most of
above the beasts, we are able to recognize, as Philo of Alexandria the history of this planet since that date. Since Soviet General
shows this the necessary reading of Moses' first chapter of Genesis, Secretary N.S. Khrushchev sent four official representatives to
that that quality of genius is the human soul, is the aspect of the Russell in London in 1955, to negotiate a thermonuclear
individual person which is, in the Latin of Nicolaus of Cusa, both condominium along the lines Russell had prescribed in that 1946
imago Dei (the image of God) and capax Dei (the potential to statement of his strategic doctrine,8 until the fall of the Gorbachev
participate in God) .3 Thus, the formalism which caused the loss of government in August 1991, the smaller and weaker nations of the
Pomponazzi's soul is intrinsically the adversary of the Good, is evil. world have been ruled by a U.N.O. world government in the form of
Fortunately, in most cases it is possible to requicken the a thermonuclear condominium between the political blocs
spark of genius innate to the new child. All the great teachers did dominated respectively by the two rival super-powers, Moscow and
this. Every good teacher attempts to do that in some degree, in his or the Anglo-Americans.
her approximation of the Socratic method employed by Plato, For those who know both the approximately fifty-years
Eudoxus, Theaetetus, Archimedes, Cusa, and Leibniz. One need but history of the discovery of nuclear fission and fusion, since the
reawaken the genius of the child, by citing the password to genius, discoveries of both Professor Dmitri Mendeleyev and the Curies,9
"Why?" the proof exists to show that Russell's intent as expressed in that
Begin by choosing an important single event from history. 1946 article, was the same intent which Russell and his cronies had
Choose any such event in which there is evidence that the event was in duping the United States government into building the bomb in
motivated by aid of some widely accepted, but fraudulent pretext. the first place: to produce and use a weapon so horrifying that
Seek to discover what motivated that fraud, and seek to uncover also nations would surrender their sovereignties to a global arbiter of
the reasons that fraud was tolerated by its dupes. Keep asking policy, a United Nations world-government dictatorship, the "final
"Why"? Peel the onion, layer by layer, until the history embedded in imperialism."
that single act is brought to the surface. The result of that sort of Excepting a few, such as the Dr. Leo Szilard, 10who was
Socratic exercise is a referent for the proper definition of the word approximately as evil as his master Russell, most of the scientists
"knowledge." working on the Manhattan Project were, like the Fusion Energy
So, let us begin. Foundation co-founder, the late Professor Robert J. Moon , 11
See in your mind's eye a B-29 bomber aircraft, called the dedicated and accomplished persons, who sincerely believed
"Enola Gay," flying to its hellish appointment, that horror-stricken Russell's great lie of 1939, that Hitler was committed to building a
summer's day in 1945. 4 Why did the United States government drop nuclear-fission weapon, and that we must get there first. Russell and
the only two nuclear-fission weapons in its arsenal upon those two his cronies, the true authors of the famous letter to President
 2
Franklin Roosevelt which Russell's cabal induced Albert Einstein to regard this unmitigated scoundrel as a respectable figure, even a
sign,12 knew that Hitler was not going to sponsor such research and great intellect. How could civilization have fallen so low, that many
that the relevant German scientists around Professor Werner among the world's putative intelligentsia exhibit such intellectual or
Heisenberg were determined that such a weapon not be built for even moral shamelessness as to profess what is termed popularly
Hitler's use.13 "respect" for such a creature?
Unlike the misinformed honest atom scientists, the Russell Consider a handful of crucial passages from Russell's
of 1939 pushed to have the weapon built for exactly the motives he racialist writings of the pre-war and post-war period; these writings
articulated later in the 1946 restatement of his intent. World- show the true moral nature of the purpose to which Russell
federalist, utopian fanatic Russell conceived of the development and dedicated that dogma of nuclear blackmail which he and Leo
use of nuclear weaponry as a trick for terrifying governments into "Strangelove" Szilard bestowed upon such worthy apostles as
abandoning the right to defend their sovereignties by military Robert Strange McNamara of the Vietnam "body count" enterprise 16
means. As he stated this purpose in his 1946 piece, he intended to and upon self-proclaimed British Foreign Office agent Henry A.
terrify the peoples of the world into submitting to rule by a global Kissinger.17
arbiter of conflicts, to a world empire, a global, Malthusian This writer had reached his present judgment on Russell by
dictatorship of the United Nations Organization. 1978. It was a conclusion which had emerged in steps, beginning the
Britain's Lord Bertrand Russell has been, beyond any 1950's. Over the following two decades, the insistent evidence piled
reasonable doubt, the most evil public figure of the passing century. up, piece by irrefutable piece. In 1978, this judgment was shared
England's murdered Christopher Marlowe might have said fairly with a pair of collaborators, who produced a 1980 book
that the Thule Society's monstrous Adolf Hitler was but a picaresque documenting Russell's evil nature.18 During 1978-1980, the purpose
rogue cast as Dr. Faustus, whereas Russell was a true then was to show the horrifying things which had happened to
Mephistopheles. Marlowe would insist upon qualifying his humanity during this century, things which would not have
observation: "A truly Venetian Mephistopheles." 14 happened but for Russell's influential, and thoroughly evil role as a
Russell personally did not cause all of the evil which has self-proclaimed utopian pacifist, world federalist and genocidally
proliferated throughout our planet during the past hundred-odd inclined Anglo-Saxon racialist.
years, but he was one of the most influential individuals among All of the immediately following quotations of Russell are
those who did. Moreover, if one traces out the influences which from a selection provided in one of the chapters of that 1980 book.
caused Russell to become an evil man, one will also come to Begin with the Bertrand Russell of the early 1920's, the
understand not only what went wrong during the Twentieth Century, Russell who had just returned to Britain from a stint indoctrinating
but many preceding centuries before that. numerous of the future leaders of Communist China. 19 Read the
The Twentieth Century will go down in future history, as following gem from Russell's treasury of a liberal pacifist's
the century which is outstanding for the endless monotony of its sentimentalities, this from his 1923 Prospects of Industrial
popularly believed lies. The myth of Bertrand Russell as an utopian Civilization:20
humanitarian, is perhaps among the more widespread such lies Socialism, especially international socialism, is only
which persist as generally accepted among literate people who ought possible as a stable system if the population is stationary or nearly
to know better. How is such amazing credulity of presumably so. A slow increase might be coped with by improvements in
literate, educated people possible, even up to the highest ranks in agricultural methods, but a rapid increase must in the end reduce the
academia and even the intelligence services of the U.S. government, whole population to penury, ... the white population of the world
for example? We use the case of Russell here as an example of that will soon cease to increase. The Asiatic races will be longer, and the
problem. Reviewing the highlights of Russell's multifarious evil negroes still longer, before their birth rate falls sufficiently to make
provides the setting in which to supply the answer to the question, their numbers stable without help of war and pestilence. ... Until that
"Why are today's putatively literate people so blindly credulous?" happens, the benefits aimed at by socialism can only be partially
The answer to that question is the subject of this report. realized, and the less prolific races will have to defend themselves
against the more prolific by methods which are disgusting even if
1. Russell and Hitler they are necessary.21
In his 1941 Generalplan Ost for the occupation of Russia
Russell played many strings on his fiddle of evil. His and other parts of Eastern Europe, Adolf Hitler put precisely these
proposals for genocide, especially against populations with darker disgusting policies of Russell's into practice.22 So, in 1945, we came
skin-hues than that of the Vril Society's self-esteemed Anglo-Saxon to identify the consequences of Russell's empiricist dogmas by such
master race, are fully as satanic, and more viciously personalized appropriate terms as "genocide," "holocaust," and "crimes against
than his policies of world dictatorship through nuclear terrorism. He humanity," as practiced in war-time Auschwitz and other locations
was also a savage hoaxster in his corrosive influence within the in Eastern Europe:
domains of philosophy and natural science. He was not even truly In the areas in question we have to push a deliberately
British; there is not a gram of concern for the well-being of the negative population policy. With the propaganda campaigns,
inhabitants of the United Kingdom in that scoundrel. No notable especially in the press, radio, movies, leaflets, short brochures,
representative of liberal philosophy during this century, not even educational presentations and the like, the population must be
such consummately perverse creatures as Sigmund Freud or induced toward the thought of how damaging it is to have many
Theodor Adorno,15 has been so consistently a virtual incarnation of children. We must point to the costs which children entail, and then
Satan as the Mephistopheles of this century, the evil Russell. it should be pointed out what could have been bought instead. The
Yet, within each part of the intellectual spectrum which he great dangers to the health of women which can emerge in births
infested at one time or another of his life, there are still dupes who can be pointed out, and the like.
 3
In addition to this propaganda, generous propaganda in Q. Is it true or untrue that in recent years you advocated
favor of means of birth control must be spread. An industry that a preventive war might be made against communism, against
specialized in such means has to be created. Neither the approval or Soviet Russia?"
dissemination of birth control means should be punishable, nor RUSSELL: It's entirely true, and I don't repent of it now. It
abortion. We ought to absolutely promote the establishment of was not inconsistent with what I think now.... There was a time, just
abortion institutes. Midwives and medics can be trained to give after the last war, when the Americans had a monopoly of nuclear
abortions. The more professionally the abortions are carried out, the weapons and offered to internationalize nuclear weapons by the
more the population will gain trust in this respect. Also physicians Baruch proposal, and I thought this an extremely generous proposal
must of course be permitted to carry out abortions, without a on their part, one which it would be very desirable that the world
violation of his medical oath coming into question. should accept; not that I advocated a nuclear war, but I did think that
Voluntary sterilization is also to be promoted. Infant great pressure should be put upon Russia to accept the Baruch
mortality must not be combatted. Mothers must not be instructed proposal, and I did think that if they continued to refuse it it might
about care for infants and children's diseases. be necessary actually to go to war. At that time nuclear weapons
Once we have converted the mass of the people to the idea existed only on one side, and therefore the odds were the Russians
of a one- or two-child system, we will have reached the goal we are would have given way. I thought they would ... .
aiming at ... .23 Q. Suppose they hadn't given way.
On the basis of such evidence, the sole grounds on which RUSSELL: I thought and hoped that the Russians would
we might be prohibited from describing as "neo-Nazis" Russell and give way, but of course you can't threaten unless you're prepared to
such among his liberal U.S. co-thinkers as the Harriman and Bush have your bluff called.26
families' eugenics circles of 1932, is that the ideas Adolf Hitler Pervading these and other public utterances by Russell,
copied were those of his British and U.S. admirers of the 1930's, there are three pervasive themes overall: (1) a racism as virulent as
such as Sir Peregrine Worsthorne's stepfather, Montagu Norman, Adolf Hitler's; (2) a feudal-aristocratic socialist's Ruskin-like hatred
George Bush's father, Prescott Bush, and those other professed non- for modern European civilization; and (3) a utopian's obsessive
German admirers of Adolf Hitler who authorized and funded the commitment to bringing about civilization's descent into a parody of
coup d'état which put Hitler into power in Germany in 1933. 24 It pre-Renaissance feudalism, or sometimes even pre-civilized
would be appropriate to describe Adolf Hitler as an exemplary barbarism. No one could miss this in Russell's published utterances
follower of Bertrand Russell. such as those famous titles referenced here.
Even the post-war exposure of the horrors of the Nazi If there were any doubt of Russell's racism after reading
concentration camps did not hinder Russell's continued brazen relevant passages from his books, one might compare what he
exhibitions of shamelessness. Read some gems from his post-war published in 1923 with remarks on the subject of African-
writings, his 1951 The Impact of Science on Society: Americans, supplied in a 1914 letter to Ottoline Morrell, written on
the subject of his visit to the United States:
But bad times, you may say, are exceptional, and can be I find the coloured people friendly and nice. They seem to
dealt with by exceptional methods. This has been more or have a dog's liking for the white man—the same kind of trust and
less true during the honeymoon period of industrialism, but ungrudging sense of inferiority. I don't feel any recoil from them.27
it will not remain true unless the increase of population can His hatred of the past six centuries of European civilization
be enormously diminished. At present the population of the permeates his writings, like the writings of John Ruskin's Oxford-
world is increasing at about 58,000 per diem. War, so far, based Pre-Raphaelite Society. Russell's 1923 books, The Problem of
has had no very great effect on this increase, which China 28 and Prospects of Industrial Civilization, teem with
continued through each of the world wars. ... War ... has eruptions of his neurotic's petulant obsession on this account. A
hitherto been disappointing in this respect ... but perhaps passage from his cited 1951 book is fairly identified as typical of
bacteriological war may prove more effective. If a Black such maudlin outbursts; he prophesies, that under the influence of
Death could spread throughout the world once in every his utopian dogmas,
generation, survivors could procreate freely without the present urban and industrial centers will have become
making the world too full. ... The state of affairs might be derelict, and their inhabitants, if still alive, will have reverted to the
somewhat unpleasant, but what of it? Really high-minded peasant hardships of their medieval ancestors.29
people are indifferent to happiness, especially other From the Sixteenth into the Eighteenth Centuries, Venetian
people's.”25 bankers shaping the policies of the English government created a
new stratum of the modern British feudal aristocrats and financial
Then hear Russell the pacifist speaking in a BBC interview nobility, of which Russell and his ancestors are typical. It is as the
in 1959, approximately four years after Soviet General Secretary heir to the title of Earl of Russell, and as grandson to that same
N.S. Khrushchev had sent four emissaries to Russell's 1955 meeting Palmerston crony, Lord John Russell, who directed the Confederate
of the World Parliamentarians for World Government. The Soviet insurrection against Lincoln's United States,30 pre-Nazi Bertrand
emissaries had praised Russell publicly in Khrushchev's name, and Russell reflects upon his hatred for modern civilization, hating the
had opened up subsequent negotiations with Russell for the Soviet United States of America with that same Metternichean passion to
nuclear condominium associated with such Pugwash Conference which British intelligence's own Henry A. Kissinger has subscribed
creatures as Dr. Leo Szilard and British foreign intelligence's agent over the past four decades.31 The following passage from Russell's
of influence Henry A. Kissinger. Russell speaks in answer to a cited 1951 book is typical:
British Broadcasting Company's question concerning his advocacy ... when I first became politically conscious, Gladstone and
of a post-World War II "preventive nuclear war": Disraeli still confronted each other amid Victorian solidities, the
 4
British Empire seemed eternal, a threat to British naval supremacy The combined effect of seeing both the banality of Russell's thought
was unthinkable, the country was aristocratic, rich and growing and the evil consequences of his influence, was the thought that
richer. ... For an old man, with such a background, it is difficult to perhaps the roads leading to Hell are paved with platitudes. To put
feel at home in a world of ... American supremacy. 32 the point more exactly, the present writer recognized that the
These were not only the ideas of Russell. They were shared successful practice of evil builds upon diffidence respecting those
fully by the stoutly plebeian one-time head of British foreign creative qualities of intellect which set the individual person
intelligence, Russell's crony and sometimes factional rival, the absolutely apart from and above all species of beasts.
"Morloch"-hating Fabian H.G. Wells.33 These were not simply Understanding Russell begins with the realization that
aristocratic atavisms; Wells was a man whose claims to the social Russell's published writings contain no true originality, but only
status of picaresque are as impeccable as those of such like-minded novelty of the same special quality provided by the writings of the
wretches as 1932 New York Eugenics Congress hero Adolf Hitler, 34 Marquis de Sade. If we limit discussion to the matter of essentials,
or the Henry A. Kissinger who authored the Nazi-like policies of there is nothing essential in Russell which is not repetition of what
1974 National Security Study Memorandum 200. 35 had been written by the founder of the British foreign intelligence
These ideas were the evil against which this present writer service, Jeremy Bentham, now more than two hundred years ago.
fought during the 1960's, ideas which took over a large section of Once that point is grasped, one should not be startled that
those youth drawn into the Anti-War movement and "rock-drug-sex the consummate evil of Bertrand Russell, like that of Bentham's
counterculture" cult. These were the ideas of pacifist Bertrand inspiration, Giammaria Ortes, is served up as gobs of trashy
Russell and his cronies; these were also the ideas which many empiricist sentiment. Russell's Mephistopheles is a shallow-minded
1960's New Left advocates attributed accurately to the New Left British snob quoting snippets from the banalities of Bacon, Locke
followers of the "Frankfurt School" of Georg Lukacs, Herbert and Hume; he is Goethe's Mephistopheles in Auerbach's cellar,
Marcuse, Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, prating unctuously on the matter of a flea.
Hannah Arendt, and Arendt's former lover, official Nazi philosopher Is a sense of the quality of evil not typified by a deception
Martin Heidegger.36 which might cause one of us to imagine for but a moment that a
These were also known as the educational and related ideas cleverly contrived, full-scale, programmed puppet is the dear friend
of Kurt Lewin and his National Training Laboratories, and of the one had thought deceased, come back to life? After that moment,
National Education Association ideologues steered by National comes a horrifying aftertaste of such a virtual reality, a sense of the
Training Laboratory influences.37 During 1969-1971, this stratum principle of evil: that this sophisticated puppet, this wind-up toy
from the New Left of the 1960's was re-programmed by its Reichian demonstrates the principle of the fabled schlemiel, a Padua
and other T-group controllers to become the polymorphous Professor Pietro Pomponazzi, a poor Golem with no soul of its
perversity of the early 1970's "Rainbow Coalition." own.39
Many among the now aging relics of the 1960's "rock- The author's deeper insight into Russell came during the
drug-sex counterculture" youth movement entered the 1970's as the mid-1950's, in recognizing that a special kind of wickedness is
"Rainbow Coalition" constituency for the Nazi-like population packaged within the deceptive superficiality of Russell's utterances.
policies of the Club of Rome's defeated first, Bucharest U.N.O. True, all of Russell's sentimental babbling in the name of philosophy
Conference of Summer 1974.38 Today, the ranks of that pre-New- and mathematics was no more than a stream of shallow sophistries,
Left generation which successfully resisted the Club of Rome's neo- chiefly petty, malicious mere gossip against the reputations of
Nazi population policies in 1974 have been depleted by twenty Leibniz and Georg Cantor. Compared to the Immanuel Kant against
years' attrition. As the proposed Cairo U.N.O. Conference on whom this writer had wrestled in defense of Leibniz's Monadology
Population menaces the last shreds of moral decency upon this during his adolescence, Russell's philosophical method was that of
planet, the dwindling number of bearers of the moral heritage of parodying crudely the Eleatic sophistries which Plato treated to such
European civilization is nearly outweighed by the multiculturalist devastating effect in his Parmenides.40 Reading some selections
horde of satanic ideas of Bertrand Russell, Theodor Adorno, and from the writings of Russell's intellectual cronies, this author saw
Adolf Hitler's Martin Heidegger. that the motive for much of that literary output had been Russell,
Carnap, Korsch, and the pathetic Wittgenstein, maleficent sophists
From Whom Russell Copied His Ideas all, telling one another how devilishly clever they all were. This
snobbish banality is also to be recognized as evil.
During the 1920's, 1930's, and 1940's, unless one studied Seen with rigorous objectivity, Russell is a satanic bore.
the Russell texts referenced above, or unless one were a specialist in Precisely therein lies that Venetian-monkish quality which made
the relevant branch of mathematics, Bertrand Russell was perceived Russell, like the Eighteenth-Century Giammaria Ortes, so
as little more than a notorious British eccentric with a wont for lewd dangerously influential among those whose impaired psychosexual
utterances. This present writer had traversed his own adolescence, sense of personal scholarly identity dwells within fantasies residing
steeped in the controversies of the principal English, French, and at or below their waistlines. It is in the controlling influence of Ortes
German philosophers of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, over the thinking of his British contemporaries Adam Smith, Jeremy
before his first, late-1930's encounter with some of Russell's shorter Bentham, and Thomas Malthus, that one finds the key for
pieces. From then, until the mid-1950's, Russell was put aside as understanding both Russell and his exemplary place of influence
trivial stuff, Voltaire on a very dull day. among the greatest follies of our vanishing present century.
Then, there came a more time, nearly two decades later, He is exemplary of a strictly definable, sterile type41 of
that Russell's mathematical and related philosophical writings were British imperialist, which, collectively, has not made an original
examined more systematically. By the late 1970's, this writer scientific discovery of principle in 250 years. This distinct type
recognized the monstrous effects of Russell's continuing influence. came into existence as the dictatorial cabal around the notorious
 5
William Petty, the Second Earl of Shelburne, during the last half of Whitehead's Principia Mathematica,53 is the application of the same
the Eighteenth Century.42 That cabal, known then as "the Venetian radical-positivistic dogma to arithmetic. It is relevant to stress here,
Party" radicals,43 has ruled Britain, its empire, and later the present- that Norbert Wiener's "information theory," and the economic
day United Nations Organization, since Lord Shelburne emerged, doctrines of John Von Neumann are the same radical form of
over the course of the 1763-1783 struggle for independence by the hedonistic principle carried to the outer limits of ambulatory lunacy,
American colonies, to occupy the highest level of actual political the mathematical idiot savant's so-called "chaos theory."54
power in the British imperial monarchy. Bertrand Russell, while he
lived, was a purebred Venetian dog of this Shelburne type. London As 'The New Venice'
Consider four among the leading figures of late Eighteenth-
Century British philosophical radicalism, all political lackeys The influence of Ortes, in shaping the thinking of the new
wearing the colors of Lord Shelburne's British East India Company: British imperialist institutions established under Shelburne's behind-
Adam Smith the so-called economist, Jeremy Bentham the first head the-throne reign of the late Eighteenth Century, reflected Ortes'
of the British foreign intelligence service, Edward Gibbon the position as one of the key figures within which a later British
historian, and Thomas Malthus the plagiarist. All but Gibbon owed historian might be tempted to name as "Conti's Kindergarten," as
virtually every idea for which he is famed today to an influential prefiguring that famous Fabian institution, that so-called
contemporary, a Venetian monk named Giammaria Ortes (1713- "Kindergarten" of Lord Milner, Halford Mackinder and H.G. Wells,
1790). There was nothing in the work of the leading Nineteenth- which cooked up World War I.55
Century British liberals—such as James Mill, John Stuart Mill, The Venetian nobleman Abbot Antonio Conti (1677-1749)
Charles Darwin, William Jevons, Charles Darwin, Thomas Huxley, was a top intelligence-operations control agent for Venice, working
John Ruskin, and so on—which was not derived directly from either on France, Germany, and England during most of the adult portion
these Shelburne lackeys, or from the work of such members of of his life; he is one of the more important figures, whose role can
Venice's Eighteenth-Century intelligence service as Ortes. There is not be omitted from any competent tracing of the crucial turns of the
nothing essential in the writing of Russell which does not come, in Eighteenth Century.
turn, from these sources. He assembled a celebrated salon of Venetian agents,
Understand this, and you understand Russell. Understand through which these operations were coordinated.56 During Conti's
Russell in that way, and you begin to understand the past six life-time, Giammaria Ortes was one of the key agents active in this
hundred years of European and world history. Then, you begin to group. Later, but still during Ortes' lifetime, two of the most famous
understand the important features of the now-fading present century. of this salon were the notorious Giacomo Casanova (1725-1798)
Take Malthus for example. His famous 1798 On and Count Alessandro Cagliostro (1743-1795).57 After the deaths of
Population,44 was nothing more than a bowdlerized version of Ortes, Cagliostro, and Casanova during the 1790's, the continuity of
Giammaria Ortes' 1790 publication, Riflessioni sulla popolazione Conti's projects was maintained by Venice's most celebrated agent
delle nazioni.45 In turn, Charles Darwin admits that his now-famous of that later period, Count John Capodistria, the controlling figure
notions were the arbitrary superimposition of Malthus' book upon behind Russia's ambassador Nesselrode and Prince Metternich at the
hapless biology.46 Ortes, in turn, had borrowed the same idea from 1814-1815 Congress of Vienna.58
not only a contemporary Berliner, Maupertuis, 47 but both had Situate that Venetian bachelor, Giammaria Ortes, who
borrowed the same notion from a Sixteenth-Century Venetian by the fathered Bertrand Russell (and many like him) within this interval,
name of Giovanni Botero.48 Properly, none of those efforts can be 1688-1818. Look at the Conti salon and its aftermath in this context.
considered seriously original; the doctrine was already spelled out in This 1688-1818 interval is the critical period of modern
detail as the population policies embedded in the decrees of the history in which Seventeenth-Century England's London was
Roman Emperor Diocletian.49 transformed into the capital of an emerging world-empire. This is
The same debt to Ortes dominates Adam Smith's 1759 The the interval during which France, until 1815 the leading nation of
Theory of Moral Sentiments, and the entirety of his Wealth of Europe in science and economy,59 was half destroyed by Venetian
Nations.50 Ortes' influential work on economics, that for which design, to remove France as a threat to the emergence of future
British agent Karl Marx praises Ortes,51 is his second work on this British imperial power. This is also the interval in which the United
subject, his 1777 Della economia nazionale libri sei. Of far greater States emerged to provide a new model of sovereign nation-state
significance is Bentham's Principles of Morals and Legislation,52 republic which, first as inspiration, and then as strategic threat in its
Bentham's major elaboration of what is termed, alternately, his own right, might have destroyed the emerging world empire of
"felicific calculus," or, more plainly, "hedonistic calculus." London.60 This is the period of modern history from which are
Bentham's work is derived entirely from the published ideas of derived all of the underlying ideas of Bertrand Russell, Margaret
Ortes. All British philosophical radicalism, from approximately Thatcher, and so on, to date. This is the period during which there
1760 to the present day, is premised upon the specific influence of was established that set of ideas which, among other results, sent the
this notion of a "hedonistic calculus," the radical-positivist notion "Enola Gay" winging its way to deliver Hell on earth that tragic
that all ideas, all social relations may be reduced fairly to summer's day in 1945.
representation in terms of linear-algebraic functions modelled (as As we have suggested at a slightly earlier point in this
Ortes emphasizes this connection) on the mathematical methods of report, to understand that flight of the "Enola Gay," one must
Galileo and Newton. understand those policy-shaping trends of this century, within which
In Nineteenth-Century Britain, Bentham's Ortesian that type of event was generated. To understand the relevant
"hedonistic calculus" is known as the "utilitarianism," and doctrine currents of this century's British policy-shaping, one must know the
of "marginal utility" of John Stuart Mill, William Jevons, et al. The origin and development of those ideas and their influence since the
most famous mathematical work of Bertrand Russell, his and second half of the Eighteenth Century. To understand the
 6
germination of that radical-empiricist current in leading British Thus, during the middle of the Fourteenth Century, much
policy-thinking under Shelburne, we must understand the interaction of this power of Venice abruptly disintegrated. This disintegration
between those British currents and the influences acting upon them erupted as the sudden, chain-reaction collapse of the worst financial
over the interval between approximately 1688 and 1818. Similarly, bubble of debt-speculation in history until the 1972-1994 period.
to understand the Venetian influences on the British liberals, from The disintegration of the Venice-controlled financial system of
Locke through Bentham, Pitt, Castlereagh, Canning, and so forth, Europe was aggravated in after-effects by the arrival of the Black
one must be able to situate those interacting developments of the Death pandemic, whose spread was fostered by the unsanitary and
1688-1818 interval as a type of development within modern history. other immune-suppressing conditions caused by Venice's
Briefly, then, to situate the 1688-1818 period so, and then orchestration of intermingled warfare and usury over the preceding
return to Conti et al. hundred-odd years of Europe's economic decline from the high point
For reasons to be supplied below, the use of the term reached earlier under the Staufer emperors, Frederick I
"modern history" should be understood to signify the time beginning ("Barbarossa") through Frederick II.69
with the emergence of what is called the "Golden Renaissance." 61 As in every similar case in past and modern history, this
Within that approximately six-hundred years of Modern History to medieval collapse of the Lombard debt-bubble caused a
date, the interval from approximately 1688-89 until the so-called corresponding collapse in the power among the great oligarchical
Carlsbad decrees of the post-Vienna Congress' aftermath, is marked families who had risen to virtually unrivalled power, as allies of
off as a distinct phase of modern history, during which Venice Venice, during the preceding hundred-odd years. At the same time,
played its last phase as a state, a state which exerted still a peculiar the Papacy was thrown into virtual disintegration through the
kind of world power through its diplomacy, its foreign intelligence cumulative effects of Venice's corrupting games of feudal
service, and its still-central position in controlling international rivalries.70
finance. This is Venice from the time its invasion of the In this Classically tragic71 circumstance, the forces of a
Peloponnesus,62 through the Venetian agent Count John renaissance emerged into positions of growing influence. These
Capodistria's controlling role in the 1814-1815 Vienna Congress and forces were centered around the networks which had been
its aftermath.63 established by Dante Alighieri, and continued by Petrarca. During
Conti bore a long Venetian tradition of destabilizing the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, the history of Europe, and
western Europe from the inside going back to no later than the time then of the entire planet, came to be dominated, to the present day,
of Charlemagne. The immediate issues of Conti's concern are by a ferocious conflict between the forces of good, the Renaissance,
adequately represented in the developments within modern history and the forces of evil, the oligarchical network of usury-based
during his time. Yet, to understand the new, one must identify the powerful families allied with Venice.
collapse of the old. If we grant that there are obvious distinctions of quality
About six and a half centuries ago, the economy of Europe between medieval and modern history, is there a well-defined
had collapsed into what historians recognize by the name of dividing line between the two? Do they shade into one another,
Europe's "New Dark Age," the greatest economic and demographic gradually, over a long period of time when the history may be fairly
collapse of Europe since the collapse of the Roman Empire—from described as a bit of both qualities; or, is there a well-defined
about the time of the Emperor Diocletian (for example). 64 dividing-line, some provable singularity, some difference in
This "New Dark Age" had its roots in the so-called "Fourth generating principle, which places one period of history before that
Crusade," beginning circa a.d.: 1204. By means of this war, Venice dividing point, and the later period of history in the new? If there is
used the pretext of a Crusade to conquer, loot its former patron and a provable dividing-point, how and when, at what singular point of
its principal rival, Constantinople, establishing the long occupation discontinuity did Modern History begin?
of the region by the Latin kingdom.65 Venice emerged from this as For reason of the circumstances under which that
the leading power in the Mediterranean world. It used this power as ecumenical council had been assembled, and the reunification of the
a lever for taking over all of western and central Europe through differing rites achieved,72 the rational agreement by the combined
usury and related forms of corruption. rites on acceptance of the truth underlying the Latin principle of
In the last part of the reign of the Holy Roman Empire's Filioque brought implicit acceptance of the principles underlying the
ruling house, Frederick II and his son Conradin, Venice used this new institutions of lawful nation-state republic and scientific
accumulated maritime supremacy, its control of trade and banking, progress as the mandate given to the republics.
and its increasing control over Italy to orchestrate warfare and Modern history superseded medieval at that moment that
usurious looting throughout western and central Europe, at the same the institutions which singularly distinguish modern from medieval
time that Venice's Mongol friends were menacing all of Europe history were put into place. That development occurred at the point
from the east.66 So, from the middle of the Thirteenth Century until Patriarch Isidor and other representatives of the Eastern Church
the period of the Black Death pandemic's spread into western convened at the Council of Florence accepted Nicolaus of Cusa's
Europe a century later, Europe waned in accelerating economic and argument and supporting evidence, showing that the Latin Filioque
demographic decline. The general estimate from the vital statistics of the Creed was implicit in the understanding of early councils of
and correlated evidence laid down during that period, is that the the united Church.73
population of Europe was approximately halved by the famine and From the year the basis for the emergence of those new
disease caused by economic decline, even prior to the eruption of institutions was established, a.d.: 1440, Venice, the leading
the Black Death pandemic there.67 The central feature of this was representative of the old, declared war on the new. That war
the Venice-coordinated Lombard banker's use of usury as the means between the heritage of the Renaissance and the tradition of Venice
for profitting immensely from the internecine warfare which Venice has been the characteristic conflict within European civilization
orchestrated throughout Europe.68 from that day to the present day.
 7
What were those new institutions? There are two new not defend its position in the north of the Adriatic indefinitely; the
institutions which are most characteristic of the singular point of oligarchical families of Venice must cultivate a new base of
difference between all human existence prior to a.d.: 1400, and operations to set up a global financial and maritime power capable
modern history: (1) the conception of the modern nation-state of crushing the new kinds of institutions out of existence.80
republic under the governance of natural law as the organizers of the Sarpi's 1582 factional victory over his opposition inside
Council of Florence understood the Christian principle of natural Venice meant that the power of Venice was committed to a full
law74; (2) the central role of the fostering of scientific and takeover of England, preparatory to transforming the British Isles
technological progress in the morally obligatory functions of such a into a bastion of Venetian-style oligarchical thinking capable of
new form of state.75 becoming a global maritime power analogous to Venice's lost
The very existence of the commitment to these new domination over the Mediterranean region. The assassination of
institutions, even by a significant minority within European Christopher Marlowe, and the Cecil role eliminating Elizabeth I's
civilization, made the existence of those institutions an efficient adopted heir, Essex, typify the bloody intelligence warfare which
principle of interaction within European culture as a whole. 76 To was once again echoed in England's late Sixteenth Century
restate this crucial argument: their existence as institutions, in any following the Sarpi faction's policy victory in the Venice of 1582.
part of Europe, changed everything in all of Europe, in the degree Admittedly, it had been Venetian agents, from 1517
that all of Europe must now adjust its behavior to this efficient fact. onward, which threw the Howards' ill-fated temptress Anne Boleyn
To restate it once more: since these institutional changes increased at Henry VIII, to drive him insane enough to break his precious ties
the rate of development of the per-capita and per-square-kilometer to both France and Spain—and theirs to England. That was part of
power of mankind over nature, their very presence changed the Venice's playing the former allies of the League of Cambrai against
character of every part of the historical process with which they one another, seeking to destroy each, one by one, as Venice had
interacted. This interaction to that effect began virtually the moment played the aristocratic and royal varieties of feudal fools against one
the relevant ecumenical agreements were reached in the Council. another during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Whatever
For example: Venice correctly perceived accurately the may have passed through the heads of various Venetian factions
developments at that Council as a relatively immediate threat to the during the earlier decades of that century, as of 1582, the
most vital interests of the Venice financial oligarchy and the state. commitment to building up London as a "Venice of the North" was
She reacted by such means as enlisting Scholarius of Mount Athos a formal commitment of the Venetian state, the adopted long-range
("Holy Mountain"), among others, as Venice's ally against both the strategic perspective of the majority of the Venetian oligarchy.
Paleologues and the Papacy, also recruiting Muscovy to the Venice The role of Francis Bacon, his Thomas Hobbes, Elias
side.77 Ashmole, et al., following the accession of King James I is tell-
Similarly, the Europe transformed by the chain-reaction tale.81
influence of the Council's new institutions nearly crushed Venice The crucial event leading into the Venetian operations of
out of existence, through the League of Cambrai; all of European 1688-181882 is the 1662 accession of Cardinal Mazarin's powerful
history, from 1440 to the present time—the essential conflict within protégé Colbert into the position of France's Controller General (of
European, and later world civilization—has been the effort of finances). France, already the leading nation of Europe in science,
Venice and its factional followers to destroy the form of modern technology, and economy, was mobilized under Colbert's leadership
nation-state and culture which came out of the work of the 1439- into bold achievements which the Venetian patrons of London found
1440 Council. most alarming. Given the superiority of France in science and
Although Venice frustrated the efforts to establish such a technology, the development of France's maritime power under
new form of nation-state in Italy itself, the first success occurred Colbert was a direct threat to Venice's strategic interest. In the effort
under France's Louis XI, who approximately doubled the per-capita to destroy France, Venice resorted to its old tricks of playing one
income of France during his reign, and defeated all of France's nation against the other in debilitating, protracted warfare.
principal adversaries at that time, from England, Burgundy, and in That brought Europe, and implicitly also the European
Spain. Louis XI's success sparked a chain-reaction of efforts to colonies and other non-European regions, too, up to the events of
establish a nation-state on this model, in Henry VII's England and 1688-1818. At that point, still powerful, but decaying Venice moved
elsewhere, assisted by such followers of Cusa as Erasmus and the toward establishing London's position as the future capital of a neo-
Oratorian movement of which Erasmus and Raphael Sanzio were Venetian global empire. During this approximately 130-year
early leading figures. interval, the Venetian gamemasters and their protégés adopted three
The increase of per-capita power over nature fostered by principal objectives. These are listed for identification here; the
these new institutions of the Renaissance produced dangerously relevant features of each of the three are treated at a later point.
powerful adversaries impeding the pathway of Venice's efforts to (1) From the beginning, as early as the 1666 war, the object
resume the kind of power it had had in the Mediterranean region was to eliminate France as an obstacle to the emergence of London's
prior to the mid-Fourteenth Century bursting of the great debt- global imperial supremacy, beginning with the destruction of
bubble. Indeed, the adversaries of Venice's evil, led by an alliance France's credible threat, under Colbert, to establish maritime
between France and the Vatican, came to the verge of crushing supremacy.
Venice at the beginning of the Sixteenth Century. (2) From near the beginning of the Eighteenth Century, to
Venice survived by corrupting its adversaries into making defame and destroy the influence of Gottfried Leibniz; this was a
war against each other, breaking up the anti-Venice League of central concern of Abbot Conti and his salon.
Cambrai.78 However, by 1582, a faction in Venice, led by one Paolo (3) From no later than 1763, to crush permanently the
Sarpi, had selected London to be the capital of a new Venetian aspirations to political autonomy and economic development among
empire.79 These Venetians understood, and argued that Venice could the English colonies in North America; this was a task to which
 8
Lord Shelburne assigned his lackey Adam Smith during a of ethnology, anthropology, Wundt's psychology, and sociology
conversation held on a carriage-ride in 1763.83 introduced during the post-1814 French Restoration's Nineteenth
The 1763 Treaty of Paris marked the defeat of France's Century. Through such forms as the pragmatism of William James
possibilities for challenging London's global maritime supremacy. and John Dewey in the United States, for example, this poisonous
The new task assigned by the Venetians then formerly associated influence corrupted nearly every aspect of modern culture and
with Conti's salon was to destroy France as a land-power, and to education there. Through the ethnologists (anthropologists), the
induce London to adopt those institutionalized commitments which sociologists, the psychologists in the traditions of Wundt, the
would guide it to establishing a world-empire according to Venice's behaviorists generally, psychoanalysis, and institutions such as the
approved principles of a global, oligarchical model. "Frankfurt School" and London Tavistock Clinic and Tavistock
For this latter "sociological" purpose, the Locke model of Institute, humanity under the emerging world-empire of the U.N.O.
empiricism was not adequate; deference, even corrosive deference is rapidly becoming a multicultural zoo of persons degraded to the
to custom was not a tolerable trait among those who must be trained status of "just another animal, like the rest."
and selected as Britain's ruling elite. For this work, the Venetian That transformation, whose echoes are typified by all of the
controllers of London required the change to the radical empiricism leading influences sponsoring the proposals for the September 1994
of a "hedonistic calculus."84 Cairo Conference on population, is today's distilled embodiment of
Here lies the specific historical significance of the an evil far more extreme than that earlier phase represented by the
promotion of Ortes' writings by the Venetian salons shaping the Venetian Thule Society's Adolf Hitler.86 From the presumption that
collection of veritable juvenile delinquents composing Shelburne's mankind is "just another animal species," any monstrous immorality
"Kindergartn en"—figures such as Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, may become enthroned law, such as a Nazi holocaust, or the same
Thomas Malthus—of post-1763 Britain. Thus was imperial London method may be employed as apology for such sub-human behavior
established under Shelburne as "The New Venice." Bertrand Russell as ritual cannibalism, or the savage rituals of brutish Aztecs or other
and his followers are the end-product of that metabolic process. depraved forms of cultures. Out of "indigenists' " defense of the
hideous Aztec culture, comes an utter abandonment of any
The 'Brutish Empire' semblance of morality; for example, there may come sympathy for
the kindred evil of Adolf Hitler, or, worse, Bertrand Russell's one-
Bertrand Russell became an evil person because he was world and kindred utopian projects.
developed to become a representative of his family heritage. That Consider in this light the invitation to former U.S.
heritage represents a philosophical type. In contrast to the Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger to deliver a commemorative,
Renaissance, of which Russell's family was an avowed enemy, all May 10, 1982 public address in London, celebrating the two-
modern empiricism, including its existentialist and positivist hundredth anniversary of Jeremy Bentham's founding of Britain's
derivatives, is based upon the same type of rejection of any imperial foreign intelligence service. On that occasion, Kissinger
principled distinction between mankind and the beasts. Thus, bragged publicly that he had acted as an agent of British foreign-
Russell's utopia were fairly named a "Brutish Empire." policy influence, behind the backs of two U.S. Presidents, while he
There was already the Seventeenth-Century bestiality of was serving as National Security Adviser and Secretary of State. 87
Bacon, Hobbes, Elias Ashmole, John Locke, et al. However, out of Note with special interest Kissinger's references to policy
the salon of Venice's Abbot Antonio Conti, the single most conflicts between the U.S.A. and the British Empire, as typified by
important direct influence upon the culture of Eighteenth-Century the quarrels between President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime
England, was that radiated from salon member Ortes' writings. Ortes Minister Winston Churchill over what Roosevelt identified, with a
and his depraved British dupes, such as Adam Smith, Bentham, and certain pungency of expression, as "British Eighteenth-Century
Malthus, represent what is called radical empiricism, which is the Methods."88 Note that these are the motives for the attacks upon
same thing axiomatically as the Nineteenth-Century French radical President Clinton by the faction of British intelligence and its allies
positivism introduced by the circles of Abbot Moigno: LaPlace, represented by Conrad Black's Hollinger Corporation, 89 the
Cauchy, Comte, et al. Hollinger Corporation's Henry A. Kissinger, John Train, the
British radical empiricism, and its bastard child, French traditional British intelligence service's assets among the so-called
Restoration positivism, is, like philosophical liberalism generally, a U.S. "neo-conservatives," and the Bush League faction of the U.S.
rejection of the idea of any scientifically knowable distinction secret-intelligence community generally.
between man and the beasts. All liberalism rejects the existence of Since the Renaissance, all European civilization has been
intelligible truth, on the same philosophical premises. The radical divided into but two principal, contending factions. The one faction
empiricism of the late Eighteenth Century carries this immorality of is that Platonic current which is Christianity in the tradition of the
the liberals to the extreme, by reducing all apprehensions of human Moses of Genesis 1,90 of such exemplary documents as the Gospel
behavior to the mechanistic terms of a linear algebra modelled of John, the Epistles of Paul, and the work of Augustine, which
explicitly upon that of Galileo and Isaac Newton.85 That latter, organized the Golden Renaissance.91 The opposing faction is
radical transformation of the previously established empiricism of typified by those who, like monks Conti and Ortes, sometimes wore
John Locke, et al., was the specific product of the influence of the Venetian mask of feigned Christianity, but are condemned by
Conti's salon upon England, a radicalism infused directly through their own writings as agents of some pagan Mephistopheles,
the work of Giammaria Ortes. Moloch, Baal, or that Jekyll-Hyde Deity of the pagan vale of Gaia,
Thus, all British radical empiricists, and their bastard Python-Apollo-Dionysos.92
French offspring the positivists, were bred to become what is Three institutional features interdependently characteristic
recognizable today as behavioral psychologists, in one or another of the Renaissance have been the principal issues for Venice and its
academic disguise. This includes not only the new pseudo-sciences oligarchical allies: (1) the Renaissance's replacement of a system of
 9
nested covenants and fealties (the imperial form of society) by a of natural law known by means of that spark of creative reason
form of sovereign nation-state republic based upon a Platonic which sets mankind absolutely apart from and above the beast.p>It
Christian notion of intelligibility of natural law93; (2) The principle was not such an easy matter for Venice to crush this Renaissance
of the new state's function of fostering generalized scientific and and its new social institutions. The point is illustrated most
related progress in knowledge and improved practice94; (3) the dramatically by combining the two statistical curves covering
notion of intelligibility of the laws of the universe to persons, ancient to present-day population-densities and demographic
through the development of that divine spark of reason which is the characteristics of populations. [see: Figure 1] Prior to the
aspect of man in the image of God: both imago Dei and capax Dei. Renaissance, the population of this planet never reached more than
Venice, sensing the power flowing from the application of several hundred millions persons; the curves show that under the
these three interdependent sets of ideas, knew that its power, its very influence of the new form of nation-state and related institutions
existence was mortally threatened. All European history since that introduced by the Renaissance, the power of the household and
time has been shaped predominantly by the efforts of the Venice-led person zoomed upward, both per capita and per square kilometer of
oligarchy to crush out of existence this three-fold institution of the the planet's surface. Also the attainable levels of normal life-
Renaissance. It may be said fairly, that those who do not understand expectancies and conditions of health improved together with the
this to be true, know virtually nothing essential of the internal increase of population-density, wherever Renaissance policies
dynamics of the history of the Twentieth Century, of the past six prevailed.
centuries of European and world history, or concerning the vital This aspect of the matter is pointed up clearly by the effect
issues immediately confronting us today. of Louis XI's reforms in France, where the per-capita income
Prior to this Renaissance, there is no known instance of the approximately doubled during his reign. The work of Leonardo da
existence of such a form of republic in all of human existence. On Vinci99 and the military and related writings of Niccolò
the basis of evidence yet to be identified here, below, it can be Machiavelli100 make the same point. By increasing the power of a
reasonably inferred that none such could ever have existed. The first society, per capita and per square kilometer, we increase not only its
proposal for such an open break with the old imperial system was military potentials, but its general strength in depth in other relevant
Dante Alighieri's electrifying De Monarchia.95 Then, at the respects. The enemies of the Renaissance might attempt to eradicate
beginning of the Fourteenth Century, the political and financial the institution of nation-state and scientific progress, but until that
power of Venice in the Mediterranean region was near to its suppression had actually occurred, the enemies of the Renaissance
zenith96; Dante's proposal was tactically hopeless under those must adapt themselves to its impact or be crushed by failing to do
immediate political conditions, but the proposal lived to be so.
implemented during the Renaissance. Since the dissolution of the League of Cambrai, until now,
Dante's design was centrally premised explicitly upon the the enemies of the Renaissance have succeeded, on balance, in
importance of a literate form of popular language. This premise is increasing their control over the financial and political institutions of
demonstrated by his work reviving the ancient Italian language from the planet. Witness the rise of London as the "Venice of the North"
its conquest by Rome.97 His masterpiece, the Commedia, is a prime since a.d.: 1666-1688, to victories in repeated wars against France,
exhibit on this point98; the work of Dante and his followers on then against the allies of the Vienna Congress, to the emergence of
poetry and on the relationship between poetry and musical the global form of the British Empire during the Nineteenth
composition, is also relevant background for reading his De Century, and, now, since the collapse of the Soviet system, the
Monarchia. attempt to transform the United Nations into the instrument of
If a people is to participate in self-government, to the effect London's global dictatorship: a "world federalist" form of world
the interdependent notions of imago Dei and capax Dei require, they empire: a "Third Rome," or in the German of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's
must participate in the ideas by which society is self-governed. Moeller van den Bruck, a Third Reich.
Ignorant, illiterate persons can not participate competently in self- To accomplish this, imperial London has been required to
government; they do not know what the issues of government are! adapt to those very institutions it intended to destroy. Until the turn
Indeed, as for the African-American slaves of the Nineteenth- into a "post-industrial New Age," following the assassination of
Century United States, literacy is the first condition of freedom. U.S. President John Kennedy and the consequent awesome
Thus, the issues of literate language and of corresponding levels of intimidation of President Lyndon Johnson, the overall trend in world
knowledge are crucial for instituting among men and women those productive technology, in productive powers of labor, and in trends
forms of self-government which do indeed fulfill the requirements of demographic standards of life was overall upward—despite all
of Christian teachings. The degeneration of a people into a babble of the evils and oppression which oligarchism and illiterate ignorance
competing, relatively brutish local dialects prevents stable self- imposed upon most of the world's population.
government. The substitution of a system of covenants, conquests, Not until Soviet General Secretaries Khrushchev and
and fealties for self-government, is thus to be judged an hubristic Brezhnev had submitted to the nuclear-terror condominium
offense against Christ. proposed by Bertrand Russell, and the U.S.A. had acceded to this
Dante's conceptions were kept alive over the course of the scheme of "mutual and assured destruction," did the oligarchy have
Fourteenth Century by intellectual heirs such as Petrarca. In the strategic possibility of successfully transforming the United
Florence, literate Italian was brought to the people by such means as States and western continental Europe into "post-industrial" refuse-
daily readings from the text of the Commedia. It is the ideas of heaps over the period 1966-1994.
Cusa's Concordantia Catholica and De Docta Ignorantia, situated in A bit later down the road, during late 1989 through
the setting of the Council of Florence, which established the new Summer 1991, once the Soviet system had lost its potential
threefold institution of a modern nation-state republic, committed to capabilities for reversing the agreements which had been reached
scientific and related progress, and self-submitted to the principles through Bertrand Russell's Pugwash channels, the oligarchical
 10
faction centered in imperial London unleashed Venice's five- lie, because the individual's resort to such fallacy of composition is
centuries-long commitment. Those whom the 1982 Chatham House witting. He (or, she) is imposing a false philosophy upon the
Henry Kissinger had proudly exposed as his masters in the British selection and interpretation of the evidence, and refuses, on the
foreign-intelligence service, ordered their "go-fers" of 1989-1991, grounds of adhering to "our way of thinking," to entertain any
the pathetic pair of Margaret Thatcher and George Bush, to set into criticism of the appropriateness of that philosophy itself. 106 In that
motion their "new world disorder" leading into the dissolution of the mode, those deeply embedded habits of both the street and
sovereign-nation-state institution, leading toward the establishment classroom have taken on the quality of axiomatic mental and social
of U.N.O. Malthusian dictatorship over this planet forever. Hell had behavior within the victim of such conditioning. It is important to
come to rule on Earth, riding beside George Bush on the train of provide that victim with a pedagogical prosthetic device, by means
Lady Thatcher's broom: Apocalypse threatened! of which history is made accessible to him in terms of even his own
Since the time of Solon of Athens, the greatest composers limited powers of comprehension. "Lapsed-time photography" has
of Classical tragedy in the tradition of Aeschylus, Cervantes, an appropriateness which is more or less self-evident.
Marlowe,101 Shakespeare, and Friedrich Schiller have worked to To assemble such a lapsed-time portrait of the origins, rise,
develop the dramatic stage as a powerful vehicle for imparting a true and fall of Venice's imperial London, the configuration of more than
sense of history to audiences.102 Hence, a reasonably competent six centuries of events is required: according to two principal types,
study of history, or political science in general, includes obligatory under the governance of a third type, which latter is the interaction
study of the Classical tragedy of these five great masters and of of the other two.
others. Instead of arraying the events and related facts in the
That method of thinking about real history is enriched by foolish way the Eleatics and Sophists did, statistically, apply the
employment of the same principle of mastery of geometry and lesson of Plato's Parmenides; adduce as the crucial facts of the
physical science used in the Classical Christian Humanist mode series, the characteristic quality of change107 which defines the
associated with Groote's and Thomas à Kempis' the Brotherhood of relationship among successive sets of events in the historic
the Common Life, and by the Schiller-Humboldt Nineteenth- sequence. So, in the first series, we have changes which are
Century reforms of Gymnasium education in Germany. 103 This generated by the principles of the Renaissance; in the second series,
method is described by the present author in various published changes generated by the oligarchical principle of Venice and its
locations, most emphatically in his treatment, referenced above, of accomplices; in the third series, the generating principle is the
the imagery of Raphael's famous "School of Athens." 104 Let us now interaction between the first two series, this under the governance of
apply those two methods, the method of Classical tragedy as best the interaction between the first two generating principles. Thus is
apprehended by Schiller, and the historical principle of a Classical the analysis of historical processes rendered comprehensible, by
method of scientific education, to the paradoxical subject-matters of examining them as processes composed through the interaction of
Bertrand Russell and his "Brutish Empire" utopianism. types.
Immediately, here, we address the comprehension of Consider some highlights of such a lapsed-time portrait of
modern history's sweep in terms of interacting types of sequences of the key events themselves. A few key cases are sufficient to situate
developments. That puts the issues on stage, so to speak, as the the case of Conti and Ortes:
Classical tragedians would do. In the subsequent section, we address
the role of ideas in history. Mid-14th Century: A chain-reaction of reversed leverage
collapses the Venice-dominated semi-global financial
Mind Over Mortality: A Lapsed-Time View system, throwing Europe into virtual chaos, and shattering
temporarily much of the oligarchical power of Venice and
So, before proceeding further, we must now bring the rise its accomplices.
and decline of Venice's "Brutish Empire" into focus, for the purpose
of showing the coherence in all of these and related issues of the Mid-15th Century: The temporary reunification of the
recent six centuries. The principled difficulty impeding the typical Eastern and Western rites of the Christian churches at the
reader's comprehension of history is the cultivated habit of looking a.d.: 1439-1440 Council in Florence, sets into motion a
at the facts of history selectively, from the vantage-point of one's revolution in political institutions, whose emergence
mortal, and ever-hesychastic umbilicus. It is chiefly that specific threatens Venice's efforts to resume the levels of world-
difficulty which we must overcome. power it had enjoyed during the Thirteenth Century.
To the purpose of supplying a practical remedy for that
impediment, let us employ a ruse of modern biology; let us apply Late-15th Century: Venice launches a counter-offensive
the technique of lapsed-time photography to the six-plus centuries aimed at destroying the Renaissance. On the intellectual
under review. By means of this experimental ruse, let us bring all of front, it mobilizes the Averroeist Aristotle of the Twelfth-
this span of history into the focus of the contemporary mortal through-Fourteenth Centuries gnostic cults. Otherwise,
individual's powers of perception, employing for that purpose the Venice's espionage and diplomacy recruits the Greeks of
solution-method embedded in Plato's Parmenides.105 By reducing Mount Athos to betray Greece to the Ottoman conquest,
the facts of these centuries to that analog of a cinematographic and establishes an alliance against the Renaissance with the
representation, let us condense this history into the form of an rulers of Moscow.
experience by the mortal individual.
What the typical putatively educated individual believes Early-16th Century: The Papacy allies with France and
about history is nonsense or worse, a kind of lie, in fact. It is other powers of Europe, the League of Cambrai, in an
nonsense according to the principle of fallacy of composition. It is a alliance committed to destroying this usurious enemy of
 11
civilization, Venice. By 1508-1509, when the forces of the capable Colbert, becomes temporarily the power behind
League are at the verge of crushing the adversary, Venice Louis XIV's throne (1662-1683).114
strikes back with its "fifth column" forces of corruption, to
divide the allies of the League against one another. Venice Beginning 1666, Venice organizes 130 years of almost
then goes on the offensive, where its faction remains to the continuous warfare and debilitating internal intrigues
present day. against its principal adversary, France,115 until the power of
France is broken, and France goes virtually under British
Early-16th Century: Venice uses its oligarchical assets in mandate in 1815.
northern Germany to incite the schism led by Martin
Luther. This schism is orchestrated by Venice's funding of Early-18th Century: London comes increasingly under the
the publication of Luther's works, by Venice's control over direction of Venice's intelligence controller Abbot Antonio
the finances of the Hapsburg Emperor Charles V, then also Conti.
King of Spain, and by the "peace-maker" role of the anti-
Renaissance Aristotelian, Venice's Gasparo Contarini. 1763-1793: London organizes and then coordinates the
French Revolution of 1789-1793. In 1763, Lord Shelburne
1517-1582: Venice's intelligence services move in on a employs Adam Smith to work on projects intended to bring
crucial ally of Spain and France, Tudor England. Venice about the destruction of France and the crushing of the
assets in England, the Howards, deploy seductress Anne aspirations for economic development and autonomy
Boleyn to corrupt King Henry VIII.108 Henry's induced lust among the English colonies of North America.116
for the temptress renders him an obsessed fool under the Shelburne, as Prime Minister of Britain, conducts secret
control of Venice's manipulations. Relations of England to peace-treaty negotiations with the newly independent
both Spain and France are not repaired after that until the American colonies and France; imposes Adam Smith's
period of the Napoleonic wars and their aftermath: after novel concoction, "free trade," as a condition of peace,
1814, when the post-Vienna Congress France of the intending thereby to bankrupt both the U.S. and France. In
Restoration and Napoleon III becomes a de facto political 1789, British intelligence assets such as the Duke of
catamite under London's imperial domination.109 Orléans, Robespierre, Danton, and Marat, each and all
directed by Shelburne's British foreign-intelligence service
1582 Onwards: Out of a factional affray within Venice's chief Jeremy Bentham, plunge France into the obscenities
oligarchy, that faction, the so-called "Giovanni," led by one of the Jacobin coup d'état and rule.
Paolo Sarpi, takes the leadership.110 Venice is committed to
base its strategy upon developing the northern Protestant Early-19th Century: After the defeat of and virtual British
regions as its Nordic bastion against the anti-Venice forces mandate over France, London prepares to destroy both the
of the regions, such as France and Spain, more closely tied United States117 and its principal allies of the 1789-1815
to the Papacy. Actually, Venice is playing both sides in a wars against France. Against the U.S.A., it uses the opium-
"balance of power" game, as usual. trading, treasonous "Hartford Convention" accomplices of
Jeremy Bentham's British intelligence agent Aaron Burr.
16th and Early-17th Centuries: Venice launches empiricism Against its former allies Spain, Russia, and Austro-
from among the followers of the Padua Aristotelian Pietro Hungary, it deploys British intelligence's agent Napoleon
Pomponazzi, such as the notorious Francesco Zorzi III and the neo-Jacobin radical networks of British
("Giorgi").111 After the Sarpi factional victory of 1582, the intelligence agent Giuseppe Mazzini.118
effort of Venice to destroy the scientific method of Plato,
Nicolaus of Cusa, Leonardo da Vinci, et al. becomes more Close of 19th Century: London organizes for a coming
energetic, adopting figures such as Galileo, Francis Bacon, Europe-wide general war, whose purpose is to finish off all
Robert Fludd, et al. as part of the deployment of European resistance to a "world-federalist" empire. The
empiricism to destroy the vitality of science from the principal targets for mutual destruction in this war are
inside.112 Russia, Austro-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman
Empire. The principal so-called "geo-political" motive for
Early-17th Century: Venice orchestrates the launching of London's plans for such a general war is the collaboration,
the so-called "Thirty Years War" of 1618-1648, destroying centered in proposed Eurasian railway development
Germany and much of the rest of Central and Northern programs, between Russia's Minister Count Sergei Witte
Europe, while finishing off the already broken power of and France's Minister Gabriel Hanotaux. Should such
Spain. projects mature, as Hanotaux and Witte intend, Britain's
hopes of a world-empire were destroyed by the economic
Pope Deploys Vatican Diplomat Mazarin to Become development of Eurasia which must result from carrying
Candidate Successor to Richelieu in France:113 It was through Witte's policies.
Venice's orchestration of perpetual conflicts between
France and the Hapsburg interests which was bleeding Close of World War I: The utopian world-federalists, the
Europe into a threatened "New Dark Age." The result is a hard core of the Venetian faction around Bertrand Russell
somewhat stable peace, organized largely by Mazarin and World War I British foreign intelligence chief H.G.
during the 1648-1652 interval. Mazarin's protégé, the most Wells, takes over. London views the ruinous effects of the
 12
recent war as clearing the way for efforts to establish one- ago, with the oceans levelling off at about their present levels during
world government along Venetian utopian lines. the middle of the Second Millennium b.c.: , about the time the
ancestors of the Greeks were invading the Mediterranean region as
Following 1953: The death of Soviet General Secretary "Peoples of the Sea" in their Viking-like craft, as described by then-
Josef Stalin clears the way for Moscow's capitulation to contemporary Egyptian portraits.122 [see Box] The geography of
Bertrand Russell's demands for a nuclear condominium most of Northern Hemisphere, the courses of major and other rivers,
between the superpower blocs as a basis for developing the and the levels of the oceans and seas have been altered radically
U.N.O. into a one-world dictatorship. The Anglo-American during the most recent 200,000 or even 100,000 years of
utopians move to unleash, beginning 1964-1966, an end to glaciation.123
scientific progress ("post-industrial" paradise), aided by What a tiny fraction of human existence these recent 2,600
unleashing of the mind-destroying "rock-drug-sex years of European history occupy—perhaps about 1%! Yet, the
counterculture" upon—first—the university youth-strata of archaeological and other relevant objective demographic evidence is
North America and Europe. that the development of mankind's power to exist has been greater
during the recent mere six centuries of post-Renaissance European
Following 1989: The "collapse of the wall" is viewed in history than during all human existence earlier—near to 0.2% of all
Prime Minister Thatcher's London as the end of the super- human existence, at most. Thus, we know far more about man—
power controversy,119 clearing the way for the early respecting "human nature"—from the recent six centuries of the
transformation of the U.N.O. into a "one-world development and impact of European civilization than from all of
government" dictatorship, eliminating both the institution the millions of years earlier. When we take into account the debt of
of the modern nation-state republic and scientific progress. European civilization's development to the impact of Jesus Christ's
ministry upon the level of knowledge developed by Plato's Academy
From the crucial decisions at the Council of Florence, until at Athens, the relative weight of the recent 2,500 years of European
the present, is a span of 554 years. Since the bursting of the great culture is truly awesome.
Fourteenth-Century debt-bubble, which opened the way for the The key to that science of history which one must master to
Renaissance to challenge Venice's oligarchism, is nearly 650 years. understand fully subjects inclusive of the Venetian case of Russell
Although the institutions of statecraft created by the Renaissance and the "Brutish Empire," is the distinction which sets mankind
were new, the underlying issues were not. absolutely apart and above the beasts. Man is the only species which
The evil of oligarchism is older than Babylon. In European is manifestly capable of willfully increasing its power to exist—per
history,120 the war between Venice and the Council of Florence is an capita and per square kilometer. This increase is premised upon
echo of the war between the followers of Plato and those of the discoveries, such as valid scientific discoveries of principles of
oligarchist Aristotle, or the uncompromisable conflict between the nature, which, relative to any formal logical schema, have an
constitution of Solon's Athens and the oligarchic slave-system of axiomatic-revolutionary character.
Lycurgus' Sparta: that represents for us today a span of between The development of the human knowledge employed to
2,350 and 2,600 years. this effect is the characteristic of human existence which does not
Our immediate subject here, is that of recognizing the exist within any animal species. Thus, the very existence of
significance of the influence of an Ortes, more than two hundred mankind, of particular societies, is never premised upon hedonistic
years dead, not only upon Bertrand Russell et al., and on the traits such as those which characterize any animal species, or
relatively immediate fate of our world today, the United States ordinary, simple interaction among the aggregate of lower life-forms
included. Our subject is implicitly: How ought we to shape our within an environment. Human existence is characterized by the
practical response to current events? Our answer here, is that we development of those ideas whose emergence, by the very nature of
must see current developments in light of roots which go back in a those ideas, impacts the power of mankind to exist, per capita and
rather immediate way even hundreds of years, or even longer. To per square kilometer.
make that conception itself comprehensible in a practical way, we Thus, history can not be described in an actually rational
must leave the mechanistic fantasies of Cartesian space-time, and form, except as it is viewed as the practical history of the axiomatic-
adopt instead a sense of real history, a sense of the "boundedness" of revolutionary emergence and subsequent development and
a period of time which stretches back thirty to a hundred and thirty interaction of such ideas. The long sweeps of history, such as the
generations. conflict which has shaped the recent six centuries of European
history, represent the unfolding and interaction of such ideas in their
The History of Chronology practice, and impact upon the development of precisely such ideas.
The concept of the punctum saliens, as identified by
Before resuming our examination of the 650-year process Schiller in his presentation of the principles of composition of
we have just illustrated with our series of highlights, let us attempt tragedy,124 is also properly expressed as it has just been described
to define what a magnitude such as 650 to 2,600 years ought to here.
signify to the way we may understand current events. To understand historical processes, one must first
Roughly speaking, a glacial cycle is determined by apprehend a sweep of history in the terms outlined immediately
astrophysical cycles at approximately 100,000 years, with intra- above. One must then permit the types of ideas represented in that
glacial warming periods of approximately 10,000 years. 121 The history to play out within one's mind as their stage. One must
existence of mankind on this planet is currently estimated, on the recognize that interplay within the actual history unfolding, in the
basis of evidence, to be not less than about two millions years. The sense of comparing the interplay of those types of ideas within one's
most recent melting of the glaciation began less than 20,000 years own mind with the actual interplay manifest upon the stage of
 13
history. existence, and thus the characteristic feature of any species' standard
One thus becomes, as a member of that audience, a for successful human behavior, is a continuing succession of
participant in the history on stage, rather than a typical audience of increases in potential population-density, for which the only
"reckless bystanders," spectators commenting inanely upon the comparison among lower forms of life is successful biological
catastrophe they are witnessing. Such a participant in the audience evolution to a higher species of life-form.
of a Classical tragedy thus emerges from the performance a wiser This characteristic behavior of the human species is the
and better person than entered the theater earlier. That is the generation of a specific type of ideas. These are those ideas which
principle of composition of Classical tragedy applied to the business correspond paradigmatically to valid discoveries of more powerful
of comprehending real history. That is the principle we are principles of scientific knowledge, whether in natural science or
referencing by means of Socratic exposition here. Classical art-forms.126 The existence of the human species to date
The moment we situate our personal identities within the has depended absolutely upon such changes in man's relationship to
domain of that view of the history of ideas, each of us is lifted out of mankind and to nature as have been generated by those types of
the momentary span of our individual mortal existence. The moment ideas.127 In that strict sense, and no differently, it is admissible to
we participate in the practical history of ideas as ideas, the span of employ the short-hand expression: the difference between man and
six centuries on the Classical stage of real-life history becomes a lower forms of life is that the existence of the human species is
drama in which we have a part, in which each of us has a relevant determined by ideas.
personal place. We assimilate, we act upon those ideas which are It is the governance of human practice by ideas, as we
unfolding there. We able to assimilate those ideas, and to understand define that here, which is the ordering principle of history. This is
them as types. We are able to act upon those ideas, those types of the principle which orders each among the types of successive
ideas. Thus, efficiently, we are lifted out of the tiny confines of our events in a well-constructed lapsed-time image of history over a
mortal existence's time and place, into global history of ideas on the span of decades, centuries, or millennia.
scale of centuries and longer. Let it be understood at the outset of this discussion, that
That change in viewpoint affords us a far higher and vastly valid discoveries of scientific principle are but a paradigmatic
better prospect for comprehending the sweep of events in which our portion of what the term "mental-creative processes" must be
brief mortal existence is caught. It is from this vantage point that the understood to signify. With that restriction, it is admissible to focus
formerly obscure becomes transparent, that the influence of upon the crucial epistemological features of mathematical physical
Bertrand Russell today is efficiently situated in the influence of thinking. That provisional inquiry provides the starting-point for a
Conti's salon upon Eighteenth-Century Britain, and that Britain is systematic comprehension of the curiously perverted mental
situated efficiently within its true origins within the recent six processes of the late Bertrand Russell. This also addresses a much
centuries of Venice's efforts to eradicate the new institutional larger, more fundamental issue, the role of transmission of ideas
developments of the Golden Renaissance. over centuries in shaping the history of the recent six centuries of
That situates us to examine more closely the efficient European and global civilization.
relationship among Conti, Ortes, William Fitzmaurice Petty (Lord This is of special importance as a prerequisite for
Shelburne), and Russell. We examine next the crucial features of understanding the British radical empiricism introduced to Adam
those changes which mark the transition of Bertrand Russell's Smith, Bentham, and Malthus by Ortes, and the bastard French
precious David Hume, from a follower of Locke, into a follower, offshoot of that radicalism, the positivism which emerged over the
like Russell himself, of the Venetian Conti salon's Giammaria Ortes. course of the recent two centuries from the post-Restoration circles
of Abbot Moigno's followers. This is indispensable for
2. Russell: 'The Devil in the Detail' understanding the systematic evil permeating all of Russell's known
work in every field.
Biology requires the investigator to rise above the methods As indicated above, this author did not take Russell
of organic chemistry, and enter the higher domain of living seriously until the middle-to-late 1950's. That re-examination
processes. Similarly, to understand human behavior, one must leave occurred as an indirect result of the author's own discoveries of
behind "Brutish" methods of animal husbandry, to rise to the higher 1952.128 Those discoveries made readily transparent the vicious
domain of that which sets all human behavior absolutely apart from incompetence of Russell's mathematics work, notably the sophistry
and above all lower forms of life. upon which the entirety of the Russell-Whitehead Principia
Were man a beast, the total number of persons living on Mathematica is premised axiomatically.
this planet would never have exceeded a level approximately equal For the benefit of those who might wish to argue that that
to that of the chimpanzees or baboons.125 By medieval European examination proved no more than that Russell was a nasty sort of
times, the population of this planet had exceeded man's primitive idiot savant in the natural sciences, let it be taken into account, that
population-potential by decimal orders of magnitude. Presently, we once the scope of Russell's mathematical and related philosophical
have surpassed that by more than an additional such order of writings is considered from the standpoint of Leibniz, Riemann, and
magnitude. [see: Figure 1] Had we employed adequately the levels Cantor, the systematic features of Russell's evil, and his connection
of scientific knowledge developed by the time of the first manned to Ortes' "methods of Galileo and Newton" are clear beyond doubt.
landing on the moon, the potential population of this planet today To that end, situate Conti, Ortes, Russell, et al. within a
would be about twenty-five billions persons, with a standard of six-centuries' history of science, a history which both parallels and
living about that of the U.S.A. 1967-1969 or higher. Plus, we would intersects the lapsed-time portrait sampled in the preceding section.
have already begun, not only the exploration of, but colonization of Principia Mathematica
space. Perhaps Mephistopheles began his corruption of the
The distinguishing characteristic of all known human damned soul routinely with a very tiny little sin. Without doubt, that
 14
is the way in which what might seem to many an almost great. This antithesis becomes important when these empirical
undetectable sleight of hand, a so very tiny apparent blunder, measurements are extended beyond the limits of observation into the
unfolds to become the irredeemable evil of the notorious Principia immeasurably great and the immeasurably small. ... [W]hile in a
Mathematica. For reasons to become clear, the author can hear discrete manifold the principle of metric relations is implicit in the
Johannes Kepler laughing happily in the distance from where he notion of this manifold, it must come from somewhere else in the
dwells, somewhere above.129 case of a continuous manifold. Either then the actual things forming
Only a tiny error? Tiny, like a leak in a Netherlands dike, the groundwork of a space must constitute a discrete manifold, or
and, as we shall point out, approximately as devastating. else the basis of metric relations must be sought for outside that
In 1931, a very gentle, self-effacing young mathematical actuality, in colligating forces [darauf wirkenden bindenden
genius, an Austrian by the name of Kurt Gödel, submitted a paper Kraeften] that operate upon it [emphasis added—LHL]135
which implicitly obliterated all of the mathematical work of A few lines later, appears Riemann's electrifying
Bertrand Russell, and also debunked some very pompous, related concluding sentence for the dissertation: "This leads into the
absurdities of hesychasts such as John Von Neumann. Considering territory of another science, into the domain of physics, which the
the content of his remarkable paper, the degree of personal modesty nature of today's occasion [on the subject of mathematics] does not
with which Gödel presented his argument, both orally and in his permit us to enter."136
now-famous paper, is fairly described as "awesome." Kepler, reflecting on his 1611 "Snowflake" booklet, would
That paper is entitled, in its English translation, as "On be very much pleased by that work of Riemann. To the careless
formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and observer, everything which is of fundamental importance in
related systems I."130 In principle, the kernel of Gödel's point is an mathematics is disregarded as trivial, because it seems to him to be
echo of the devastating proof against the Eleatic school supplied by nothing in scale. We shall find Riemann's "immeasurably small"
Plato's Parmenides approximately 2,400 years earlier; the playing a crucial role in the work of Plato's Academy, about 2,450
conclusion presented was well known to Leibniz,131 and had been years ago, as also up to the most recent work in exploring the
addressed by such Nineteenth-Century titans of science as Gauss, "virtually null-dimensional" realities of modern nuclear physics.
Dirichlet, Riemann (as we shall note), Weierstrass, and also Georg Russell, for example, was familiar with this work by
Cantor.132 In short, the mathematical-physical principles of the case Riemann, and its relevance as counter to his own opinions.137 Yet,
were laid down fully more than a decade before Russell's hoax, and virtually no contemporary mathematician representing a positivist
three decades prior to Gödel's 1931 paper. The historic significance view like that of Russell, Von Neumann,138 or information-theorist
of the Gödel of 1931 is not that he had refuted Russell's sophistry, Norbert Wiener139 has proven himself capable of understanding the
but that he had refuted Russell and the radical positivist school as a crucial point made by Riemann in that passage.
whole, on their own formalist terms. The resonating effect of his From the standpoint of formal mathematics, the
paper was therefore devastating at that time and later. "continuum paradox" signifies that every effort using formal logic to
For our purposes here, we must address the same issue perfect the continuity of a line, a surface, solid "space," or "space-
addressed by Gödel from a more fundamental, and traditional time" fails. The failure is small, but its smallness does not lessen the
mathematical-epistemological standpoint, a more elementary and fact that the failure is an efficiently devastating one in its effects.
direct approach, that of Plato, Cusa, Leibniz, and Riemann. In any How small? "Immeasurably small," virtually null-dimensional.
case, as will be reported here below, the origin of all of Russell's Kepler, be assured, is chuckling again.
abortive attempts at gaining fame in mathematics is rooted in the Riemann's "immeasurably small"140 is an ironical choice of
attacks upon Gottfried Leibniz by Abbot Antonio Conti and his descriptive term. These apparent lapses in the continuum, which no
salon. It is by situating Russell's hoaxes with respect to whom Conti, formal logic can bridge, are mathematically "virtually null-
Ortes, and Russell after them, are attacking, Leibniz, that the motive dimensional"; they have no lower limit to their measurable degree of
underlying the issues posed becomes adequately clarified. smallness, yet the presence of their discontinuity can not be
Russell's putative contributions to Principia Mathematica 133 eliminated. They are what we must call "true singularities." Not only
touch a most crucial area of Leibniz's continued influence upon is formal logic unable to rid mathematics of their most abundant
Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century physical science. That topic is presence, but they have an extremely significant role in physics, as
conveniently identified as the "continuum paradox." The relevant we shall identify one example of that at the appropriate place below.
succinct statement of that topic is highlighted by citing two relevant Russell and his admirers have no defense against this. The
passages from the last section of Bernhard Riemann's famous 1854 continuum paradox was not dreamed up by Riemann. It is the
Habilitationsschrift.134 Consider the issue as referenced by Riemann central feature of Leibniz's Monadology.141 It involves a
there: Russell's methodological frauds in the name of mathematics phenomenon central to the mathematics work of Plato's Academy. It
in the Principia will be shown to embody the crucial implications of was central to the work of Kepler before Leibniz, and was a central
the entirety of radical empiricism. concern of such followers of Carl F. Gauss as Riemann's teacher
From the referenced White translation of that Riemann Lejeune Dirichlet,142 and Karl Weierstrass, among numerous others.
work, consider the following: In the history of science, rigorous treatment of this problem is as old
... there subsists an essential difference between mere as the treatment of both "incommensurables" and the "Platonic
relations of extension and those of measurement: in the former, Solids" by the mathematicians Plato, Eudoxus, and Theaetetus at the
where the possible cases form a discrete manifold the declarations Academy of Athens. Modern science was founded on the basis of
of experience are indeed never quite sure, but they are not lacking in recognizing a crucial further implication of this problem.
exactness; while in the latter, where possible cases form a While we conduct this necessary, and brief excursion, the
continuum, every determination based on experience remains reader should not lose sight of our purpose here. The issue is not a
always inexact, be the probability that it is nearly correct ever so formal issue of mathematics and mathematical physics. This is
 15
being addressed here only in the degree this important detail of very large number. Since the radius (to the point of tangency of the
mathematical-physical principle is key to understanding the circumscribed, or the apices of the inscribed polygon) remains
implications of Conti, Ortes, and Russell, and the historical constant, calculate the variable length of the relevant side and area
implications of radical empiricism in general. The background for of each of the triangles of which each polygon is composed.
this is summarized now. Determine thus, the perimeter and area of each of the respective pair
of polygons. Average the perimeters and areas. By this method,
The Principle of Metaphor in Science without further improvement, the arithmetic value of π may be
measured to any desired decimal precision for such purposes as
Although the roots of modern science are found in Plato's carpentry, plumbing, or ordinary engineering tasks. 146
Academy of Athens, modern science as such began with Nicolaus of Can it be assumed, therefore, that the series of polygons 2n
Cusa's De Docta Ignorantia,143 published in the setting of the 1439- converges upon identity with the circular perimeter? "No," replied
1440 Council of Florence. It was Plato's Academy which first Cusa: the polygonal and circular perimeters are of different
supplied a rigorous treatment of the problem of the "immeasurably "species," of which the circular species is higher.147 If one chooses a
small." The central formal feature of Cusa's breakthrough in length of side no greater than 10-33 centimeters, and a diameter of
mathematical science was his application of the solution-principle of the circle greater than any specified estimate for the size of the
Plato's Parmenides144 to effect a correction in Archimedes' universe, there will always be a gap between the polygons and the
constructive efforts at quadrature of the circle. Cusa's work bears circle; on other grounds, too, there will be progressively less
directly on the issue of the same "immeasurably small." This case congruence between the polygonal and circular perimeters as the
bears directly upon the central fraud of Russell's work in number of sides is increased.148
mathematics, a fraud which is also central to all radical empiricism At that point in the construction, Cusa made the discovery
and its positivist derivatives. which set into motion the development of modern science. He stated
All of the issues to be addressed in exposing the that this construction proved that the circular perimeter is of a higher
implications of Russell's mathematics are covered in the present species of existence than the polygonal. Earlier, Plato's Academy
author's "Metaphor" series referenced above. Thus, taking into had shown that measurable magnitudes were divided between two
account the limited purpose of addressing this matter here, it should species, rationals and incommensurables. So Archimedes had
be found sufficient that we consider with minimal delay the several viewed the matter; it had remained at that level until Cusa. Now,
successive conceptions which are indispensable here, and refer the Cusa had shown that the incommensurables were divided into two
critic of our argument here to those earlier locations where the mutually exclusive species; the first we term today the "algebraic"
sundry aspects are treated at some length.145 magnitudes; since the work of Leibniz and Johann Bernoulli during
(a) The Four Types of Mathematical Ordering the 1690's, the second, the higher species discovered by Cusa has
To bring the issues within the scope of the reader whose been identified as either the "non-algebraic" or, more commonly
mathematical education is somewhat less than professional, the today, the "transcendental" domain. Later, Georg Cantor added a
relevant features of Archimedes' approach to quadrature and of fourth species of magnitudes, the higher "transfinites," or
Cusa's correction of Archimedes' error, are summarily as follows. "Alephs."149
The term "quadrature of the circle" signifies an attempt to So, we have, in succession, in order of rising cardinality
construct a practical estimate of the value of a number, π, which (increasing "power"), four species of magnitudes: rational,
represents an estimated ratio of the length of the perimeter of a algebraic, transcendental, and the higher transfinite species. Each of
circle to that circle's diameter. these four mutually distinct species of magnitudes is separated from
Insofar as records exist, the more rigorous proof of the its successor, of the higher species, by a gap, such that the higher
existence of a class of magnitudes not congruent with rational can not be accessed formally from the predecessor, although the
numbers was developed by Plato's Academy, following the lines of lower can be accessed from the standpoint of the higher. This gap in
prior work by Pythagoras et al. As the geometric proof of the the upward succession is termed a logical discontinuity, or a
famous Pythagorean theorem is exemplary of this conception, there singularity.
exists a class of magnitudes in geometry which can not be rendered Cantor's Alephs, the domain of the higher transfinite, has
congruent with rational numbers: incommensurable magnitudes, the included physical significance of corresponding to what
such as the hypotenuse of a right triangle. However, by use of the Riemann references in the cited location as "the immeasurably
principle of geometric proportions, we can place these small" (Unendlichkleinen). We might term this the domain of "the
incommensurables between two magnitudes which are congruent virtually null-dimensional." This notion of such discrete and also
with rational number orderings, showing that the incommensurable efficient existences (e.g., objects) which have "virtually null-
is less than the one of this pair, but greater than the other. dimensional" magnitudes, has a very precise, central significance in
This concept was embedded in a tactic employed by Plato's the branch of physical science called Physical Economy.150
student and collaborator Eudoxus, the "Eudoxian method of It must be recognized as a principle of knowledge, that no
exhaustion," which was used by him and other Greeks to perform an student could ever come to know a previously developed axiomatic-
early form of integration, treating the incommensurable volume of a revolutionary discovery of valid principle unless the student has, in
pyramid or cone, for example, as a subject. effect, replicated the original mental act of discovery by reliving it.
Archimedes used this Classical Greek method of Plato's That principle is most aptly illustrated by applying the solution-
Academy for his theorems on quadrature. principle which Plato embeds implicitly in his Parmenides to the
Choose a circle. Simultaneously inscribe and circumscribe study of the four successive levels (powers, cardinalities) of
regular polygons of an equal number of sides. [see: Figure 2] mathematics just listed here.
Increase the number of sides, at a constant rate of doubling, to a This must be understood to recognize the devilish effect of
 16
the radical empiricist method in destroying essential faculties of such leaps as an integral part of their educational experience.
judgment in its credulous victim. The close examination of Cusa's Acknowledging for the moment, the fact that this does occur, how
discovery of what we term today the "transcendental" domain from do we represent the fact of this occurrence in physical science? Use
the standpoint of Plato's Parmenides, is the most direct way of the mathematical examples just referenced to show the answer to
illustrating the principle of creative reason in mathematics that question.
discovery. Pause for a moment to consider the following thought.
Cusa's treatment of Archimedes' attempted quadrature of Permit us to introduce at this point of the discussion what might
the circle is among the best conceivable illustrations of Plato's appear to some an arbitrary definition. Let the reader understand,
Parmenides. We employ that connection pedagogically here. that from this point on in this text, we are using the terms "power"
One of the simplest ways to set up the increasingly precise and "cardinality" interchangeably. On the one side, we are
estimation of the rational approximation of π, after Archimedes' introducing this ascribed equivalence in the sense Georg Cantor, for
theorems on quadrature, is the following. Again: begin with squares, example, employs the "sieve" of Eratosthenes to provide the student
one inscribed in the circle, the other circumscribed. Then make finer an intelligible notion of the equivalence of "power" and
approximations in a succession determined by halving the angle "cardinality" in number theory.155 As will be indicated below, the
between the points of tangency of polygon to circular perimeter. present author's discoveries in physical economy show that this
This defines a general case for paired polygons: 2n [n = 2] sides. For notion of "power" has a most important physical significance, in
each value of n addition to a number-theoretical one.156 With that in view, this
2, there is a corresponding estimate of a numerical special emphasis upon the use of Cantor's notion of "power" is
approximation for |π | underscored at this present instant.
The resulting, indefinitely extendable series of estimates, In ascending "power" (cardinality), today we know four
π : F(2n), species (types) of mathematical functions: A = rational numbers;
can be regarded in the light of the Parmenides as a "Many." B = algebraic functions; C = non-algebraic, or transcendental
What is the unity which subsumes all of these elements of the functions; D = higher transfinite functions, beyond the
"Many" into a "One"? The answer, in modern language, is to treat transcendental. Access to the higher, successor species of function
the "Many" as a Cantor type. The answer is, thus, the change from from a relatively lower is blocked by a formally impassable gap, a
2(i) to 2(i+1). From the standpoint of geometric construction, the discontinuity, a singularity—although there is no difficulty in
change is clear enough151 ; Cusa's recognition that circular action is passing from higher to lower. This gap is "immeasurably small," 157
a higher species of mathematical existence than algebraic yet formally impassable. Consider: what knowledge can be
magnitudes, flows directly from this. extracted from these several facts of the history of mathematics?
The result is the recognition that the set of interdependent At the implied insistence of Kepler, perhaps it is
formal axioms and postulates of so-called "Euclidean" geometry indispensable pedagogically that the crucial mathematical feature of
must be superseded by adopting circular action as such in place of Cusa's discovery of the transcendental domain, the ontological
the so-called "Euclidean" axiomatic definitions of point and line, reality of the existence of the immeasurably small, be stressed again
that we must abandon the notion of unbounded space-time,152 and at this immediate juncture.
that we must accept Nicolaus of Cusa's, Pacioli's, Leonardo da The commonplace fallacy of such persons as Isaac Newton,
Vinci's, and Kepler's notion of a bounded physical space-time.153 Samuel Clarke, Felix Klein, and Russell's besotted admirers among
(b) The Method of Mathematical Discovery mathematicians, is to abandon the standpoint of Classical
Once we have established ourselves in Cusa's domain of constructive-geometric rigor in thinking, in favor of a flight into the
the transcendental, all of the arithmetic and algebraic realms, domain of arithmetic-algebraic fantasies: to assume that the
respectively, are accessible to us as a special, subsumed case of the apparent convergence of infinite series upon a boundary value
transcendental. One can always reach the lower, the more primitive signifies ultimate congruence with that boundary. In short, that there
from the higher; the problem is, one can not reach the higher by a are no true discontinuities, no true singularities.
deductive analysis of the lower. How, then, does one reach the As we have illustrated the conception, by using a side of a
higher for the first time? regular circumscribed polygon no larger than 10 @ms33 centimeters
That question is the focus for all of the culminating work of for a circle larger than any assigned size of the universe, it is
Immanuel Kant's life, his famous Critiques.154 From the standpoint impossible to conceive any point at which the persisting existence of
of a thoroughly Aristotelian formalist such as Kant, Plato's proposal an unbridgeable gap between polygonal and circular perimeters
that one discover a single unifying principle for the "Many" might dissolve from definiteness into fuzziness. The existence of the
addressed in the Parmenides would be to go outside the deductive- gap is not merely persistent, but absolute.
inductive mode of formal logic, and to arrive at the answer by By constructive-geometrical rigor, we are emphasizing at
means of a "leap." That is the formal basis for Kant's obsessive this moment the notion that equivalence is dependent upon
vendetta against the work of Leibniz. That locates the crucial point congruence by virtue of "hereditary" implications of a method of
at issue between Mosaic and Christian tradition, on the one side, and construction. That equivalence and congruence so defined must be
the Aristotelians, such as Pomponazzi and Kant, on the opposite shown in that way. Something is a part of the series of events of
side. This is otherwise known in the Classical literature as the issue which it is generated as a part. For example, by this definition, the
of hypothesis; we shall come to that below. value of the hypotenuse of a 3,4,5 triangle is not the rational number
Before addressing this matter of the apparent "leap," let us "5," but the irrational (algebraic) number "5.000...000... "; a number
grant, since it is demonstrated to have occurred so often in history, is the way in which it is generated, by the function which it
that the "leap of discovery" bringing mankind to use of valid new performs, rather than what it appears to be as viewed in isolation
principles does occur, and that successful students do relive many from the context in which it occurs.158
 17
Cusa's discovery of the transcendental domain, not later implicitly assumed as philosophy and scientific method in
than a.d.: 1440,159 was prompted by recognizing that this universities today.
ineradicable gap between the perimeter of the "infinite" polygonal The "hard factual basis" for examining the effects of
series and the circle is a difference in (what we term here) "power," creativity, or its absence, upon the possibility of society's
or cardinality, placing the circular action in a higher species, successfully continued existence,163 is called the science of physical
unreachable by the polygonal series of algebraic numbers. economy.
Each of the three higher species of magnitudes— It is shocking, and unfortunately commonplace, to
incommensurables generally, transcendental, and Alephs—were encounter a professional scientist who blunders ahead in life, in
discovered by a mental act comparable to the implicit solution- blind ignorance of the existence of the physical-economic process
principle for the ontological paradox which Plato poses by his which exists more despite today's financial markets, than by aid of
Parmenides. The apparent "leap of discovery" in each such case them. If scientific ideas are sound, must they not imply a potential
corresponds to the "gap" of singularity which separates the lower for increase of man's power, per capita and per square kilometer,
species from formal access to the higher. over the universe? Is that relationship not a measurable one?
Let us apply to that ordered series of species (of Those considerations are introduced at this point of the
mathematical function) the same Parmenides solution-principle report, as precondition for locating the physical significance of the
which Cusa applied to Archimedes' quadrature theorem. Let the "immeasurably small" in a matter of no less importance than the
succession A, B, C, D be the "Many." What is the "One"? successfully continued existence of mankind.
In Plato's theory of knowledge, each of the "leaps" For any reasonably intelligent person who has a working
corresponding to a singularity is a phenomenon of mental life experience with the management of modern manufacturing or
designated as an hypothesis. Thus, for this case, we have hypothesis modern agriculture, including skilled industrial operatives, no
AB (the leap from A to B), hypothesis BC, and hypothesis CD. The further special training is needed to guide one's hand in marking out
question implicitly posed by comparing this situation to that of the a set of linear inequalities which fairly describe the prerequisites and
Parmenides is whether or not there is a common principle of change effects of improvement, in terms of per capita, per household, and
which generates B from A, C from B, and D from C? If so, then that per square kilometer, in the productive powers of labor. 164 Once that
intelligible form of a principle of change represents what we know had been done, one would do two obvious things: (1) Examine the
as an higher hypothesis. If, in science and Classical art-forms, there changes in productivity and composition of the social division of
are several valid choices of higher hypothesis, the question, whether labor since the founding of our Federal republic in 1789, and
these are commonly subject to some higher, subsuming principle (2) Examine this economic history of changes from the standpoint
connotes hypothesizing the higher hypothesis.160 of the forecast of such changes supplied by U.S. Treasury Secretary
That quality of knowledge which corresponds to the Alexander Hamilton in his December 1791 Report to the U.S.
solution for such a gap, i.e., hypothesis, is the proper definition of Congress "On the Subject of Manufactures."
the term "metaphor."161 Mankind exists by producing. Our households consume to
Kant, the least irrational of the historically prominent exist, to be productive, and to develop the institution of the
Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century opponents of Leibniz, household and of the persons within it; our farms, factories, and
professes to see something intrinsically unintelligible in the very essential infrastructure consume to continue to exist, to develop, and
idea of human creativity. On the premise of that false assumption, to be productive or otherwise useful.
Kant rejects the Platonic principle of discovery (hypothesis) used by If we wish to compare the two processes, consumption and
Leibniz. It is against the background of that Kantian formulation of production (or other necessary forms of output), we must define the
the issue that Russell's mathematical follies—and those of all the labor-force as a common parameter of the households and of the
modern positivists, such as such Russell followers Karl Korsch, sundry forms of both the productive and other necessary sorts of
Rudolf Carnap, and Von Neumann, as well as Norbert Wiener—are analogous enterprises. We treat the household as a whole as a
strictly identified and understood for what they are. culturally determined function of the reproduction of the members
Essentially, these radical empiricists deny that human of the labor-force. We measure these functions of consumption and
creativity actually exists. One might wonder, whence apostles of production in the place where they occur (principally), by relevant
such an irrational dogma fetch the temerity162 to describe themselves kind of land-use classifications for each such activity.
as scientists? We have thus defined the general requirements for allotting
(c) The Demographic Evidence statistics, according to total land area, and land-use portions, and in
This creativity, which the empiricists, and the Aristotelians terms of values stated per capita, per household, and per square
generally insist does not exist, is expressed most plainly in its kilometer. We must incorporate "market baskets" as a way of
essential function as the characteristic of the continued successful expressing the relationship between the supply of necessaries and
existence of society. It is, thus, nothing less than the successful their consumption.
existence of the society itself, which these misguided fellows To shorten the account, in keeping with the purpose for
overlook. which these matters must be mentioned at this juncture, our next
The British empiricists, and Aristotelians generally, place step is the labor of refining the notion of "necessary consumption."
great emphasis upon sense-perception, but slyly evade those Consumption for production by agriculture and manufacturing, for
relevant sense-perceptions which would shatter their foolish example, is readily understood by anyone familiar with the
philosophical prejudices. For an inhabitant of modern history, the industrial-engineering preparation and use of bills of materials and
evidence of the recent six centuries' changes in the population- process sheets. Since objective requirements of production
density, productivity, and consumption of society is overwhelming processes are readily approximated, at least as a matter of principle,
evidence against most of what is either explicitly taught or the problem area of that ongoing inquiry is soon narrowed to the
 18
matter of functionally necessary consumption of physical goods by grandparents.
households.165 How has this occurred? Through the mutually reenforcing
In this direction of inquiry, the variable area on which relationship between pure scientific progress and the investment of
attention must be focussed is soon narrowed to consumption of that scientific progress, as improved technology, employed in a
physical goods plus necessary levels of certain categories which are capital-intensive, energy-intensive mode in increase of the
best identified as "infrastructure." We employ "infrastructure" to productive powers of labor per household, per capita, and per square
signify something which is not directly consumed by households or kilometer.
goods-producing enterprises in separable units, but whose presence How did this function prior to the mid-1960's shift to a
or absence, diminution or increase, affects the productive powers of "post-industrial," "countercultural" cultural paradigm? How was it
labor in a variable way. These include what we may term "hard that one U.S. penny invested in President John F. Kennedy's
infrastructure," such as water management, general land- aerospace "crash program" of the 1960's returned a fairly estimated
improvement and sanitation, general transportation, general supply fourteen cents to the U.S. economy? One would think every
of power, general urban and related infrastructure. These also scientific thinker with a conscience would have posed and answered
include certain rather well-defined areas of "soft infrastructure," such a question.
such as general requirements of education, health-care, scientific The cycle begins in "pure science." To demonstrate a
development by both households and productive and related discovery, a proof-of-principle experiment is required. This latter is
enterprises. This combination of physical goods and infrastructure expressed in the construction of some sort of apparatus. Once a
embodies the variable determinants of potential levels of net satisfactory experiment has been conducted and suitably refined, the
productivity of society as a whole. refined form of the experimental design becomes the basis for
Thus, for example, the quality of constructive leisure, adding a new, improved machine-tool principle to the repertoire of
education, health, technological advancement, and general physical capital-goods designs available, and of product and process designs,
consumption by the household, has a functional bearing upon the too. The flow of improved machine-tools and related benefits, as
relative potential productivity of average members of households investment, into production, combined with the flow of newly
with those consumption and related characteristics. developed knowledge, results in a spreading increase in productivity
Successfully continued survival may be expressed as a of labor per capita, per square kilometer.
functional conception: potential relative population-density. This Put that type of scientific discovery, from which this
notion combines, statistically, notions of per capita, per household, benefit is ultimately derived, under an appropriate kind of
per square kilometer, for land-use, for consumption of physical microscope of the imagination.
goods, for hard and soft infrastructure. This bears upon life- The possibility of a formal mathematical physics rests, in
expectancies, health-expectancies, school-leaving age, adequate first approximation (at least), upon achieving an approximate
public libraries, and so on. This is packed together thus as what is deductive consistency in the mathematical representation of the
usefully termed "general demography." perceived physical relations which are chosen to be abstracted from
Sitting up, after a spate of working through such historical the real process considered. In that degree, such a formal physics
studies of the recent two centuries of the U.S. economy, one has a describes a consistent, open-ended theorem-lattice, such that all
sense of something very special about the recent six centuries of possible theorems which might exist within that lattice (within the
western European civilization. Look at the changes in the social bounds of consistency) are mutually consistent with one another
division of labor! It is as Alexander Hamilton described it in his "On and, above all, with each and all of the relevant set of underlying,
the Subject of Manufactures"! axiomatic assumptions—stated, or implied.
As recently as the first decennial U.S. Census of 1790, the To the degree we signify such a mathematical physics, we
U.S. population was more than 90% rural; yet, relative to medieval are implicitly obliged to recognize a qualitative distinction between
Europe, this represented already a very advanced degree of the one kind of discovery, which is the generation of an added
urbanization. Relative to medieval Europe, most of human theorem to be incorporated in that lattice, and a discovery which
existence, then and earlier, had been truly wretched. For countless forces the replacement of that entire lattice by a new one. Looking at
millennia, prior to the Golden Renaissance, much more than ninety the second type of case from the standpoint of the formalist, the new
percent of the population toiled with the soil, to provide itself a theorem is of a type which implicitly overturns one or more of the
precarious hold upon a meager existence. axiomatic assumptions underlying the previously accepted theorem-
If we assume today, that over 60% of our total labor-force lattice. In other words, the discovery has an "axiomatic-
should be employed in either manufacturing or infrastructure, with revolutionary" character.
less than 2% rural component required by modern technology, the The following crucial observations on discoveries of the
majority of the employment in manufacturing should be in the second type are now to be identified and then examined.
capital goods sector, and a growing portion of that in the machine- 1. The discovery of each of the three higher species of
tool sector, with between 5% and 10% of the total labor-force mathematics is exemplary of a discovery of the second, or
employed in either scientific development or related pursuits—the "axiomatic-revolutionary" type.
latter in order to keep the rate of flow of new technologies adequate 2. All such discoveries are of the type represented by the
to human needs generally. solution-principle of Plato's Parmenides.
These changes in the social division of labor are 3. Each axiomatic-revolutionary discovery, just because it
functionally related to the increases in potential population-density. is axiomatic, is unreachable deductively from the relevant theorem-
That is to emphasize the rapid reduction of the average amount of lattice which it overturns. It is thus defined by an absolute
land-area which is required to sustain the average person in a discontinuity of this formal type. This discontinuity, or singularity,
demographic well-being better than his or her parents and is effectively virtually null-dimensional.
 19
4. All valid such axiomatic-revolutionary discoveries performance at home, and also net contributions to improvements in
therefore form a series of a type or types.166 the global economy taken as a whole.
5. The axiomatic-revolutionary character of the discovery To resume the discussion of the thermodynamically
has the dimensionality of axiomatic change. anomalous picture of sustained growth: in brief, any economy which
6. The nature of the axiomatic transformation effected is collapses into a state of "zero technological growth" will collapse
reducible to a type of such change. from cumulative technological attrition (unless it postpones this
7. Thus, the discontinuity marking such discoveries of the collapse by looting other economies). It is infusions of what
second type is virtually null-dimensional, but not empty. It has the Hamilton named "artificial labor,"170 which are the source of the
qualities of change and power; it has the quality of causality. apparent "not-entropic" character of any successful physical-
What is the size and weight, the mass and velocity, of the economic process, that is the source of the increased "power" over
thought which represents such a second type of discovery? Is the nature, per capita and per square kilometer.
result not that which we associate with the impact of an increase in There is only one place in mathematics in which this kind
power? Is there some connection between the type of thought which of power-function is found. Consider, for example, Cantor's series,
prompts us to equate "power" and "cardinality," and "power" of the Aleph-1, Aleph-2, Aleph-3, ... . Each term is of higher power than
type we associate with man's increased power over nature per capita its predecessor, yet the entire series is of a strict type. Indeed,
and per square kilometer? strictly speaking, the successive Alephs, from Aleph 1 upwards,
Before suggesting the answers to those questions, consider should not be treated as simply successively higher types (species),
the same demographic facts just outlined from a slightly different but rather as the domain in which cardinality supersedes ordinary
vantage-point. notions of denumerability in the function of ordering-principle.
(d) What Should 'Negentropy' Signify, If Anything? They form a series (a type) whose characteristic change is increase
Once it is discerned which produced elements of of power.
consumption are necessarily variables or simply preconditions for a What ought we to signify by such observations? We must
certain level of productivity with a certain level of technology, move beyond the territory of mathematics, into the domain of
express this as required input to the demographic process. Term this physics.171 To recognize that there is interdependency of the
the relative "energy of the system." Compare this with the rate of thermodynamically anomalous phenomena of sustained growth of
output of those same types of components. The difference in modern economies with the "causal factor" of scientific discovery
magnitude between the two (per capita, per household, and per measured as a virtually null-dimensional singularity, is the key to
square kilometer) may be viewed as the relative "free energy" of the economic science, and also the key to the history of physical science
process. The ratio of the two, "free energy" to "energy of the in general.
system" yields a "free-energy" ratio. Look first at the biogeochemistry172 of the economic
In any healthy economy, that "free-energy" ratio is rising, process. The planet Earth is a bounded system. The entire universe
per capita, per household, and per square kilometer. However, as is a bounded system, too. Therefore, throw away, as useless for any
inspection of physical-economic history over the recent six centuries practical application, the Cartesian manifold as employed by Galileo
shows, the maintenance of this needed "free-energy" ratio depends and Newton, et al. Look at the bounded processes whose
upon increase of the relative "energy of the system" per capita and development and character are essentially internal to the planet
per square kilometer:167 without an increase in the capital- and Earth; see this through the eyes of the Kepler-Gauss use of the
energy-intensity of the economic process as a whole, as well as at subject of Pentagramma Mirificum as a way of furthering what
technologically advanced points of production, the net physical Plato began with his understanding of the implications of the so-
productivity of labor can not be improved, or even sustained. 168 called Platonic Solids. Begin with our planet, and see our planetary
This is not only an ostensibly anomalous picture of any civilization's changing relationship to the universe at large, in terms
healthy state of a modern economy; it is crucially paradoxical. No of the interaction of those two layers of bounded processes.
ordinary thermodynamic representation of this is possible. Look at the Earth, as if from nearby space. Look at what
The cause of this anomalous correlative of successful Vernadsky defined as the noosphere, which, today, is the relatively
economic growth is clearly defined, by isolation. Speaking shallow covering of this planet inhabited by regular human activity.
paradigmatically, this cause is investment in scientific-technological This stratum extends downward from the planet's land and water
progress.169 surface through mining; the balloon, the dirigible, and the
In making the statistical estimates which correspond to this application of Leonardo da Vinci's and Bernhard Riemann's anti-
case, we must discount the fact that the economies of so-called Helmholtz hydrodynamics to powered flight173 have extended man's
metropolitan countries have been heavily subsidized, during recent reach upward. We have moved from the heights of balloons to the
decades, by relatively very large net flows of capital out of the geostationary orbit around Earth which is our future base for an
developing nations economy into London, etc. Without those interplanetary travel freight and passenger terminal. Technology in
subsidies of the "formerly industrialized nations" by the so-called sight will permit us to bring mankind's personal reach into space to
"Third World" nations, the industrialized nations of the northern tier within the limits of the asteroid belt, to limited Mars colonization by
would have collapsed more than a decade ago. a "science city" base for astrophysical and related researches.
The spectacle of post-1963 Britain collapsing into a "post- Already, the boundedness of the universe was shown not
industrial rubbish-heap," while the London financial center only by Plato's recognition of the implications of a delimited
ostensibly prospers from those profits of pure swindle called possibility for partitioning the interior surface of a spherical shell,
"invisible earnings" from foreign sources, typifies the need for but by Leonardo da Vinci's recognition that the radiation of light
discounting the statistics to reflect the net physical-economic growth was bounded by limits upon a potential rate of retarded propagation,
generated through improvements in the national economy's own as this was measured by Christiaan Huyghens' student Ole Rømer in
 20
1677, and used successively by Huyghens, Johannn Bernoulli, and correlates geodetically with latitude and longitude. On the mapping
Leibniz to establish the foundations for a modern physics of a of physical geography, the customary features of physical
complex variable.174 I am certain I hear Kepler acknowledging that geography are located functionally. Man and his activities otherwise
this is consistent with his standpoint. As he would agree, most are located on the political mapping. The two mappings are
emphatically, there is a reciprocity between the boundedness of the overlapped in terms of land-use parameters.
universe in the large and the continuum paradox encountered in the The political mappings are, from the top down, continents,
"immeasurably small." If one wishes to master economic science, regions, nations, regions within nations, states (analogous to U.S.
these matters must be mastered; if we wish the human species to Federal states), U.S. counties, or analogous, and urban areas. The
survive the sundry looming threats variously nearly or distantly economic mappings are superimposed upon the correlation of
visible before us today, we must master that quality of economic physical and political geography.
science.175 Consider urban areas, for example. An urban area's land-
Accordingly, the statistical application of economic science use is apportioned among residential, industrial, commercial,
begins with the examination of the historical development of this parklands, and other municipal functions. One requires a grid which
relatively thin spherical shell, which Vernadsky locates as the is sufficiently fine-grained to apply relevant statistics which are
noosphere. To help to overcome the fear and confusion which land-use-type related to the topical analysis of the land-area of this
modern education fosters respecting anything to do with scientific municipality. It would be convenient, as much as possible, to be
work and conceptions, we must seek to bring home to the reader a able to assign entire cells to one of these land-use categories, or to
sense of the reality of the subject-matter within which this such manageable approximations as "50% residential, 15%
unavoidable anomaly appears. commercial, ... ."
To afford the reader a sense of the concreteness, the reality People and persons and households, appear in this mapping
of the work of applied physical economy, some of the features of in principally two ways: in residence, as members of households
statistical applications are now described briefly. (chiefly), or as place of employment. When those persons are in
The core of the special problem in this case, is that neither of the two principal types of land-use location, but "in
economic processes are, on the one side, readily measurable, but, on between," they are in transportation, visiting parks, city hall, or
the other side, those measurements themselves produce results perhaps strolling about the city's sidewalks. It is sufficient, at first
which are not consistent with today's generally accepted notions of pass, to think of a percentile of the month's total hours spent in the
statistical or other mathematical functions. That is the anomaly. That residential area of the households, so many of those total hours in
is the source of the feeling of eeriness which the typical science land-use area of employment, leaving a residual percentile for the
graduate suffers when confronted with the simple showing of this "in-betweens."
anomaly. Also, we must take into account the fact that people may
Therefore, it should be most helpful to such readers, reside in one locality, outside a city, while being employed regularly
emotionally and otherwise, to situate the anomalous phenomena in in that city.
their concrete setting. Then, the characteristics of economic science Also, remaining for the moment with the urban case, we
lose much of their strangeness, and the special problem of must superimpose basic economic infrastructure upon the whole
"negentropy" is more readily comprehended. complex of various land-uses. We should provide for noting
Review summarily the policy for applied physical economy capacity and utilization of water, sanitation services, power,
specified by the Executive Intelligence Review News Service, educational services, medical services, scientific services, and so on
Inc.176 Presume that the reader had a modern personal computer of by land-use types.
relatively large capacity and power. Presume also, that, given this Land-use types are composed generally of "waste land,"
facility, and some talent in using such devices, that reader were to "reserve land," land utilized by transportation and closely related
wish to set himself or herself up "doing applied physical economy." warehousing, land used for generation and distribution of power,
Start with the graphics; it is crucial that the work begin "rural productive, other" "urban productive, other," and residential,
with the graphics. etc. portions of the "rural productive" and "urban productive" areas.
Start with an animatable Earth-ball, whose average surface "Land-use types" overlap "land types" which themselves often
of reference is the relevant, very thin ellipsoid shell situated slightly overlap one another mutually: desert, tundra, mountain, forest,
above sea-level. This should permit one to view Earth's physical pasture, riparian, coastal, and marsh and swamp subsidiaries.
geography as it appeared circa not later than 18,000 b.c.: , with All of these and related structures of the economic study
projections of likely geography up to, at a minimum, a.d. 2200. It are in the form of graphics, with no demographic data yet "plugged
would be useful to have also one of the relatively low-cost and in." We are thus prepared, conditionally, to situate such data in its
reasonably accurate animatable astronomical maps, to enable one to appropriate time and place. The condition is, that for each decade of
look at the night sky on any assigned date from any part of the economic history of the planet or of the region being considered, the
planet back some eight-thousand years, or something approximating land and land-use types assignable to grid-locations vary, as the star-
that.177 In addition to astronomy, correlate weather and other global map varies by place and time.178 For U.S. statistics, the decennial
phenomena with this Earth-ball model. census is a useful choice of periodicity for shifting from one land-
Correlate this Earth-ball with a collection of two sets of use model to the next, treating interim developments as applications
regional and local electronic maps. Use the positions of latitude and to modification of the land-use model established for the beginning
longitude on the Earth-ball to make this correlation. Two master sets of the decade.
of regional and local maps are required: physical geography, and Now, assign the data, learning from C.F. Gauss the
political geography. These must be correlated with a cell-grid principles for alloting observations to assigned places and times in
system, common to the physical and geographical maps, whose grid physical reality.179
 21
Above all: Any effort to generate a statistical forecasting living processes nor intelligent human behavior are
model of the sort in commonplace professional practice today, is to characteristically "entropic," their characteristic "not-entropy" is to
be strictly prohibited. Insofar as the consequence of an action is be neatly explained statistically as a temporary and local reversal of
mediated through a human agency's response to that action, all universal mechanical entropy, Wiener's abusive reading of his
assumptions of behaviorist sociological and other dogmas recently neologism, "negentropy!" Wild positivist John Von Neumann,
or currently in vogue are incompetence per se, even absurdity per se. fleeing from the avenging furies of Gödel's 1931 proof, 184 performed
The function of economic-statistical observation is not to an even cruder, but otherwise Wiener-like hoax in the name of
assume how people will behave, but to show the effects of the way economics.185
in which they did behave. Plug in the data-arrays accordingly. Through the influence of radical positivists such as Russell,
Since health-care policy is among the leading topics of Wiener, Von Neumann, and many others, the world of democracy
policy-discussion in the U.S.A. today, examine briefly now some of has come under the ideological reign of madmen. In place of rule by
the applications of that to the kind of "modelling" just described. old forms of flesh-and-blood individual despots and Babylonian, or
The former post-war Federal standard for health-care was Roman or Mongol or British military forces, we have entered into
provided by the wonderfully neat, pungent and forceful Hill-Burton the Dantean Hell in which Walter Lippmann's utopia of induced
legislation, which the United States ought not to have abandoned, as public opinion reigns, induced by mass media, induced by
it did under the influence of such mid-1970's follies as Felix democratic guises for Nazi Gleichschaltung,186 a more lunatic tyrant
Rohatyn's disastrous financial-looting operation for New York City, than a Nero, Dracula, Henry VIII, or Ivan "The Terrible" in the
"Big Mac."180 The point is, if Joe Doaks or his wife falls down in the flesh.
street, or is taken sick at home, or their son is stricken in the In that spirit, in place of economic policies premised upon
schoolyard, that person shall be treated promptly and adequately, successful forms of economy, policy-shaping is ruled by the Von
and the financial implications of the events attended to after Neumanns, the von Hayeks, the Milton Friedmans, the "Chaos
adequate care has begun and its continuation assured. During the theorists," and even the Phil Gramms, who measure success not by
post-war 1940's and 1950's, in the days of the post-war U.S. the old-fashioned, objective performance of economies, but what is
National (Economic) Security doctrine, when the U.S. population called the more "conservative" modernist standards of conformity
was still moral, as under the Administration of President John F. with some recent radical-empiricist lunacy which has been awarded
Kennedy and President Johnson's Civil Rights legislation, the right academic or Nobel Prize credentials.187 These dogmas, if put into
to life and health of every person was implicitly the standard of practice, show a common, perverse quality of self-fulfilling
political behavior.181 prophecy.
Situate the impact of Hill-Burton goals in the graphics It is fair to say of Thatcherism, one of this recent rash of
scheme of economic-data mapping described. To the extent Hill- extremist "isms," that she promised to purify the British economy of
Burton is representable in terms of the infrastructural logistics of any economic practice not consistent with her dogma. In that
delivery of health care reasonably proximate to when and where it is particular aspiration, she succeeded; the British economy obediently
needed, what is the distribution of capacity for care? 182 This typifies died. Seeing the followers of Smith, von Hayek, Von Neumann,
the logistical aspect of the "soft infrastructure" concept for health, Friedman, and Sachs, one might think of an auto-mechanic who
education, and science services to households and productive assures his client, "I am going to bring your automobile up to my
functions alike. standards, even if it kills you." Such is the way in which the U.S.A.
Those kinds of studies, today technologically within the and world economy is viewed by the "free traders" in London,
reach of small research organizations, represent an elaboration of Washington, or the Wall Street Journal; such is the way in which the
the approach employed by this writer back during 1948-1951, in economies of the "Third World" nations, sub-Saharan Africa most
connection with his ongoing commitment to refuting Norbert notably, are viewed by the followers of Bertrand Russell, the
Wiener's radically positivist Golem, the attempted application of Malthusian fanatics currently controlling the policies of the
statistical "information theory" to human behavior. The conceptual U.N.O.188
problem which the author addressed then, is the commonplace Apart from such fanatics as those, their cases but illustrate
problem to be confronted in the course of any competent sort of more luridly the vicious incompetence of the reigning liberal 189
economic analysis today. The issue today, as during the 1948-1952 theoretical economists before them. All efforts to impose a linear
period of the author's original discoveries in this field, is to put aside model of performance upon economy must tend to have the
for the moment any prejudices respecting mathematical physics practical impact of a self-fulfilling prophecy. Any economic process
learned from the classroom, and simply to measure the comparison which is subjected to a form of policy-making which is itself based
of successful and failed economic policies of practice as those upon a "linear model" will be "linearized" by efficient enforcement
distinctions occur in nature, whether taught thermodynamics likes of those policies; in that case, the economy will, in the relatively
that result, or not. milder cases, undergo cycles of entropic collapse, or a more
Entropy, as this is defined by Clausius, Kelvin, Boltzmann, devastating collapse like that gripping the entire world presently.
et al., has a well-defined ontological character, an essentially Academics who fail to grasp this connection, will insist on
mechanical character. Wiener et al. perpetrated the kind of fraud babbling a post-mortem diagnosis on the state of a collapsed
which implicitly justifies David Hilbert's expulsion of Wiener, as economy of this sort, "You see, the economy's behavior is linear,
incompetent, from a Göttingen seminar. Wiener et al. employ a low- and also demonstrates once again a principle of universal entropy."
probability factor within Boltzmann's mechanical derivation of his Both Von Neumann's and Wiener's dogmas are
H-theorem, the low probability that, in that case, apparent entropy characteristically linear; therefore, the effect of adopting their
might be reversed temporarily and locally. 183 Wiener et al., make the dogmas as policy can be nothing but disastrous. This illuminates the
wildly extravagant ontological assumption, that because neither fact, that Wiener's definition of "negentropy" is simply reversed
 22
"entropy," and is strictly linear in consequence of this. In contrast, mastery of a Classical constructive approach to geometry by this
the "not-entropic" processes of living beings and of human means is the foundation of all successful such education; this
intelligence are not linear. Either one uses "negentropy" to signify approach to the study of geometry provides the student with a sense
the latter, non-linear characteristic, in which case "negentropy" has of scientific rigor, an attainment which can not be duplicated by any
nothing to do with "information theory," or "negentropy" has the alternative means.192
dictionary meaning supplied by Wiener, in which latter case it is a Placing a constructive view of geometry at the center of
nonsense-word. such an educational program, introduces the pupil to the
During the interval he progressed into making his original intelligibility of history as shown in terms of the history of ideas.
discoveries in economic science, this writer was confronted with the The more readily accessible intelligibility of the internal history of
choice: accept the evidence of measurement, or accept the geometric ideas serves as the cornerstone for conceptualizing the
established dogma of present-day physics-teaching. The author historicity of ideas generally. The mathematician may represent this
chose to stand by the evidence of measurement, and leave the by comparing Euclid's Elements193 with Legendre's Eléments de
dogma to those ivory towers where dwell those hesychasts who seek Géométrie (1794),194 and Legendre's and Monge's work with that of
refuge for their fantasies in a dwelling-place as far removed as Jacob Steiner thereafter.195
possible from cruel reality. After all, everything we have come to The first conception to be adduced from such a scrutiny of
discover as truth was gained for mankind by adhering to that same geometry is the notion of ordering: "necessary predecessor,"
principle; a well-defined anomaly, based on good measurement, has "necessary successor." Such a scrutiny should begin with the
always been the signpost leading the way to scientific progress. simpler case, the discovery of new theorems within the same
theorem-lattice; this is the case in which no change in axioms or
Educating For Creativity postulates occurs in the passage from one theorem to another. The
case of Euclidean plane geometry is the appropriate choice of first
Before describing the influence of Conti upon modern step. After completing Euclidean geometry, examine the second
science and political philosophy, it is essential to focus attention class of discoveries, beginning with examination of the transition to
directly upon the issue of formal intelligibility of that creativity the so-called non-Euclidean geometries, such as the Nineteenth-
which Kant abhorred and which the radical empiricists savagely Century changes introduced by Gauss, Bolyai, Lobachevski, 196 and
deny to exist. Plato's Socratic method, the only known standpoint Riemann197 ; but, before drawing conclusions on this basis of this,
from which creative processes were ever rendered intelligible, is examine Leonardo da Vinci's introduction of the notion of
made comprehensible through focussing attention upon what ought geometries of bounded systems,198 and Kepler's thorough reliance
to be the obvious implications of a Classical Christian humanist upon this principle.199
form of education, such as that of the Brotherhood of the Common In the discovery of the simpler type, the proof of one
Life and the Schiller-Humboldt reforms of education in Nineteenth- theorem of the lattice is a (more or less) necessary formal antecedent
Century Germany. to the proof of the second.200 In the discovery of the second type, the
From a study of the history of science against the points of relative cardinality of the theorem-lattice defined by their
reference touched upon in the preceding portions of this section, differences in axiomatics is the ordering principle: e.g., rational,
those approximately two-hundred years of Classical Greek culture, algebraic, transcendental, Alephs. In the second class of discovery,
which span approximately the time from the trial of Socrates this relative difference applies not only to the issues of ontology and
through the time of the deaths of Eratosthenes and Archimedes, are form of mathematics as such, but to the axiomatics of physics. In the
among the most excitingly productive intellectually in all history of second case, as in the instance of the author's 1952 discoveries, it is
science190 . It is against the influence of that Classical background the mathematical-physical anomalies which are the point of
that we must view the Christian Renaissance of the Fifteenth reference to cardinality.
Century. In both classes, the notion of cardinality is preserved under
The other notable feature of the Renaissance, is that it was the ordering of "necessary predecessor," "necessary successor." This
led by geniuses. The source of that supply of geniuses is typified by is a crucial feature of the formal representation of the intelligibility
the teaching methods and influence of Groote's and Thomas à of discoveries in general.
Kempis' Brotherhood of the Common Life, establishing a tradition To begin, compile a partial listing of a fairly narrowly
which persisted beyond the middle of the Sixteenth Century through defined set of types of discovery in mathematics and physics,
such offshoots of the Brotherhood's influence as the Oratorians limiting the physics to those cases in which the physical anomaly
around Erasmus of Rotterdam and the School of Raphael. 191 forces directly an axiomatic issue of mathematics, such as
The characteristic of this Christian humanist method of Bernoulli's and Leibniz's 1697 use of the general case of refraction
education is emphasis upon studying the most important discoveries of light to prove the necessity of nothing less than the transcendental
in all human knowledge by aid of emphasis upon primary sources, domain in mathematics for physics.201 Consider then the most
preferably the account of the discovery written by the discoverer. relevant expression of the general case, as follows.
The centerpiece of that program is the study of Classical Greek Under the implied rule for Classical Christian humanist
geometry, from Pythagoras through Archimedes and Eratosthenes, forms of secondary education, the student is presented with the
from this standpoint, with heaviest emphasis on the writings of Plato personalized historical identity of a discoverer, preferably
and the work of his Academy. accompanied by a sculpted, drawn, or photographed image, and a
The characteristic feature of this method of education, is visual insight into some circumstances in which one or more of the
that the student must relive the experience of the original mental act crucial discoveries which that historical person effected. The student
of discovery, rather than learn to recite and apply a formula from the is induced to relive the experience of discovery; the teacher's
banalities of, for example, today's typical sort of textbook. The function is, most essentially, to situate fairly the elements arrayed at
 23
the onset of the discovery. The teacher says: "X solved the Platonic hypotheses, which overturn a lattice of reference.
following problem, in place P, in the year T; you have the Most of today's relatively better formal education209
prerequisites to repeat the mental experience of that act of functions somewhat well on the lower level: extending the lattice.
discovery." The source materials, preferably primary ones, are set This is good, of course. The pupil is taking the historical examples
before the student. The experience begins. as a model of a method for elaborating propositions which are
Once the pupil has relived that experience, in that way, the hewed, if possible, into consistency with a recognized set of
imagined face and setting of that original discovery will remain with underlying axiomatic assumptions. As long as the propositions are
the successful student through the remainder of his life. The student rooted in the notion of actual or anticipated measurement of actually
has made, thus, the transition from observant layman into the world occurring processes, this is an indispensable part of the educational
of science. process.210
Through such repeated experiences, the pupil's mind Henceforth, the reader should continue to read what is
becomes populated with an assembly of such images of discoverers, written here, on this subject of humanist methods of education, with
the student's private School of Athens.202 The content of each such the presumption that we are referencing as "humanist" an emphasis
image is a reconstructable memory of the experience of reliving the upon the use of primary sources as a guide to reliving the original
discovery, or discoveries which the student associates with that experience of a specific discovery. The essential connection
image, or set of images. The discoveries so represented by the between the two classes of discovery in all uses of this method, is
inhabitants of the student's private "School of Athens" constitute a that the pupil is rendering the quality of those mental processes
"Many," in the sense of Plato's Parmenides. What is the "One" which generate (and regenerate) that discovery an intelligible
which corresponds to this "Many"? subject of conscious reflection. The difference, is between the
This is the point, beyond which, Venice, and a modern species of mental activity which are taken as the subject of
positivist such as Russell, forbids you to tread! There is the source conscious reflection. This is the kernel of Nicolaus of Cusa's method
of that prohibition, whose terror crushes the intellects of promising of learned ignorance (De Docta Ignorantia), upon which the
young scientists into an algebraicized state of Newtonian "political emergence of modern science was founded.211
correctness."203 This is a process which should be seen as like the In both cases, the result of successive acts of reliving
use of threat of a colonial power's musketry, for the dumbing-down original discoveries is the implied establishment of a proposition in
of wild herds of captive human beings, over several successive the form of Plato's argument in his Parmenides. Let us represent the
generations, into a breed like dumb cows. mental events upon the first level of discovery by L1, L2, L3, ... , and
The establishment of such an isochronic relationship with a on the second by A1, A2, A3, ... . In each case, what is the
discoverer's original discovery, spanning a distance in calendar time recognizable (intelligible!) common difference the change between
of decades, centuries, and sometimes millennia, is the means for them?
transforming the mental act of reliving such a discovery into an In all scientific work passably worthy of that name, the
intelligible object of conscious reflection. There is thus the sharing intelligibility of the first quality of discovery is indispensable to
of this experience, not only between the individual student and the comprehension in exchanges among the collaborators, or disputants.
original discoverer, but among all those who, from all centuries, However, in differentiating among the different types of theorem-
have shared such reliving of that same original experience in this lattices within which changes of the first order of discovery occur,
isochronic way. we are compelled to distinguish among these types according to the
This is what Francesco Zorzi prohibited,204 what Paolo second order of changeA1, 2, A3, ... , the discontinuities
Sarpi's asset Francis Bacon forbade,205 what Newton implicitly (singularities) which are the recognizable mental acts through which
banned with his "hypotheses non fingo," 206 and what Immanuel the transition from one species (type) from one theorem-lattice to
Kant abhorred in Leibniz's Monadology.207 That prohibition and another is effected.
abhorrence are directed explicitly against the practice of Let us supply the appropriate glossary for what has been
apprehending as intelligible objects of conscious reflection the just so described. The conceptions are those taken from Plato's
provably creative processes of mentation. works:
All these Aristotelians, whether as materialists, empiricists, Hypothesis: Any term of the series A1, A2, A3, ... .
or modernist logical positivists, demand that the subjects of Higher Hypothesis: The recognizable principle of change
conscious reflection be delimited to two classes of experience: which is implicitly defined by any series of axiomatic-revolutionary
sense-perceptions and the emotions which are more or less discoveries, the which is, in turn, commonly generated by the same
mysteriously attached to those sense-perceptions.208 From this is quality of mental activity.
derived the empiricism of Zorzi, Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, and the Hypothesizing the Higher Hypothesis: There are different
radical empiricism of Ortes, Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, Thomas qualities of higher hypothesis, each series distinguished as a type
Malthus, James Mill, John Stuart Mill, and Bertrand Russell, the from all others twofoldly: (1) It corresponds to a different
"information theory" of Norbert Wiener, and the pseudo-scientific generating-principle, a different quality of recognizable act of
economics of John Von Neumann. generation common to all members of that species; (2) It has a
In defiance of such Venetian and kindred prohibitions, relative cardinality ("power") relative to other recognizable such
continue with our subject of this moment, the indicated humanist generating principles. Conceptualizing those twofold differentia
method of education. Continue to focus upon a constructive among different qualities of higher hypothesis, is "hypothesizing the
geometry as the model topic for such a method. Through the method higher hypothesis."
indicated, the secondary school pupil is becoming acquainted The same method of (Platonic) Socratic hypothesizing
personally with the experience of two types of discovery indicated: obliges us to recognize a correspondingly higher quality of mental
those which extend a theorem-lattice, and those which are true existence: the Good (Plato) or the Absolute (Cantor). 212 Change is
 24
knowable (recognizable, intelligible) for the mind of mortal man in essential basis for one's relationship to music as an historical process
the form of Becoming. The generalization of man's knowledge of of development.218
change is therefore hypothesizing the higher hypothesis. However, The motive is expressed by the happy child's "Why?"
the same principle of knowledge obliges us to recognize the The ability to address mental acts of valid axiomatic-
efficient existence of an ontologically higher state than Becoming. revolutionary and other valid discovery as objects of conscious
In this latter higher state of existence, all possible hypothesizing the reflection, is the means by which the higher features of human
higher hypothesis is subject to the defining of a One corresponding mental life are made intelligible to us. This can be done only in a
to a Many. This is Plato's The Good. social way, and must include a replication of the living experience
This Good has necessarily two knowable (intelligible) of discovery by the "dead white European males" who are, for
qualities. First, all Becoming is condensed into a One: all time and historical reasons, responsible for at least a proverbial ninety percent
all place are condensed into a One. Since this is comprehended only of the storehouse of scientific knowledge indispensable for
through that quality of creative mental power by means of which continued human survival today.
hypothesizing the higher hypothesis is intelligibly knowable for Yet, as we view the sum-total of human knowledge, we are
mankind, by the quality of imago Dei/capax Dei, this One has the able to look at the matter more broadly, outside those areas of
universal quality of creative intelligence.213 scientific and musical developments in which the standard of
Through submitting to the development principle which is knowledge today was built up chiefly either by Europeans or by
implicit in perfection of and obedience to knowledge in this way, others in reaction to European civilization's contributions to
we, as each individual mortal persons, rise above the bounds of time universal culture. Take ancient Indo-European language, for
and place to participate efficiently in all history, the history of those example.
ideas which set mankind, as imago Dei, apart from and above, with The solar-sidereal calendars embedded within the system
dominion over, all other forms of life. This has been known since of ancient Vedic hymns afford us a sense of the antiquity of a highly
before the time of Plato, when the powerful Egyptian Moses 214 developed Indo-European language. This connection was actively
wrote the first chapter of Genesis.215 under study as early as Kepler's attention to those calendars. 219 That
What some might deprecate as but Plato's (or, this author's content of the hymns, and related information concerning
own) "speculation" upon the Good, is readily shown to be a crucial astronomical fragments in the Zend Avesta from an earlier time, 220
factor in defining knowledge. The following synopsis of that dates the kernel of those hymns surviving into literary times. The
proposition should be sufficient here. dating is within the period the Vernal Equinox was in the
Once the form of intelligibility of Plato's principle of constellation of Orion; as Tilak argues from his sources, this would
hypothesis is shown, as we have indicated the case for that, we have be between 6,000 and 4,000 b.c.: 221 Similarly, in the case of pre-
shown how a result may be reached, but without yet supplying the historic China, the standing analysis on the antiquity of China's
motive for the occurrence of that possible result: Why should one solar-sidereal astronomical calendars is that given by Edouard Biot
seek to reach that result? Is the fact that it is attainable, a sufficient and Gustav Schlegel, which places those at about the beginning of
motive, in and of itself, for such an effort? the melting of the glaciation (c.17,000-18,000 b.c.).222
What is being stated here implicitly, is that, in some sense, A literate form of spoken language, as the school of August
individual action is motivated essentially by an effort to affirm one's Boeckh, the von Humboldts, et al.,223 elaborated the Indo-European
identity as something more than that of just another individual case, is already a highly sophisticated development, more advanced
member of a species of beast.216 Plato's notion of the Good puts that in design than any formal mathematics yet developed. The point can
motive into not only an intelligible form, but provides us an be made clear, on the condition this matter is examined from the
intelligibly truthful conception of our individual identity as vantage-point of what we have stated here, using mathematical
mediated through that principle of an efficient, intelligent Good, as formalism as an example.
capax Dei, if you will. The use of a name or phrase to signify a mental object (as
Every serious scientist, every serious Classical artist will distinct from a mere sense-perception) is the essential quality of
concede this to be the nature of his or her motivation, if that metaphor.224 In the case of mathematical ideas, as treated above, all
proposition is represented to them in the way which corresponds to ideas are of this quality of metaphor: a mathematical representation
their inner experience. of a discovery is a metaphor for the mental object which is the
As reference to Classical humanist education in geometry original (or replicated original) act of discovery. Nothing shows the
already illustrates the general case for scientific education, applicability of this to language in general better than Classical
becoming a scientist can occur only through first establishing a very forms of poetry.225 The function of the so-called "non-plastic"
intimately personal, isochronic relationship with discoverers, a Classical art-forms, which are premised entirely upon this principle
relationship which often spans centuries or even millennia. It is a of metaphor in language,226 in successful types of cultures illustrates
relationship which, by its nature, transcends the mortal bounds of the point: the role of these in both the education of leaders, and in
space and time. It not merely transcends such bounds, but the broader social life in general.
transcends them essentially. It is a relationship to nature through The relevant argument may be summarized briefly as
these isochronic social relations, in terms of ideas of discovery. It is follows.
a commitment to truthfulness, and implicitly a commitment to We have noted above: the characteristic of human
participate in Plato's Good. existence, the conclusive proof setting mankind absolutely apart
In music, it is the same, but more intimately so. How does from and above the beasts, is the role of a certain quality of ideas
one learn music, but through replicating Bach, Haydn, Mozart, through which our species is uniquely enabled to generate increases
Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Brahms? 217 The attempt to of potential relative population-density.227 These ideas belong, in
replicate the mental experience of discovery of the composer is the each particular instance, to classes which may be symbolized by
 25
formal theorem-lattices or analogous forms. The passage from one campaign Napoleon to power, in search of his Caesarian dynasty in
such class to another class of higher relative "power," is known as a new Roman world-empire.230 It is a period which begins with the
cultural progress. These classes are otherwise describable as maturity of Conti, and which ends more than a decade prior to the
"cultures." That supplies the significance of "cultural progress." key role of Venice's plenipotentiary agent, Count John Capodistria,
The phenomenon of "cultural progress" is not a sidewise at the Congress of Vienna. This is the century during which British
movement from right to wrong. Any change which increases the government replaced English self-rule, the century during which the
potential relative population-density of a people can not be entirely ideological and political institutions of an emerging world-empire
"wrong." Rather, that which supersedes is derived from superseding were set into place. This is the pivotal century of modern history to
its predecessor, which latter is the launching-pad from which the date, approximately two centuries after the League of Cambrai and
creative leap is effected. "Wrongness" is an idea which must be about two centuries prior to the looming collapse of today's global,
associated with stubborn "backwardness," or even with Venetian-style financial system.231
Thoreauvian, Spenglerian, or other variety of existentialist It is upon these connections, of this period, on which
regression to a "Walden," or analogous sort of cultural cesspool. attention must be focussed, to define the origin and influence of
Among "ideas," we must distinguish between conditioned those radical-empiricist conceptions which have defined the British
habits for intellectual interpretation of sense-perceptions, as distinct Empire, its founding, and its aftermath, from the accession of
from ideas which correspond entirely to mental objects. It is the George I as the first British monarch, to the present date. Therefore,
mental objects which reflect immediately the set of axiomatic first, briefly, situate that British century, 1700-1800, within the six
assumptions defining that class of ideas as a whole, that culture, centuries' span as described earlier.
which are of primary interest to us. It is this higher class of ideas The history of modern England and its successor, Britain,
which must be placed at the center of our investigation of any begins with the defeat of England, Burgundy, and Spanish
specific culture, such as our own. opponents by the King Louis XI who established modern France as
Consider one of the author's long-standing classroom the first nation-state. Louis XI's victories, and his stunning successes
favorites: the cultural transformation of the perception of a rock in economic development, inspired imitation of his successful
from a mere "rock," to "ore." 228 The object of perception remains the venture among crucial circles in Spain and England, notably the
same; the perception changes. Culturally determined judgment is circles around King Henry VII. This established a common interest
integral to perception. Nonetheless, despite such changes, something and collaboration among France, England, and Spain, which was
of the old is passed to the new. Since all of this aspect of culture later broken, during the interval 1517-1527, by Venice's intrigues
appears in knowledge solely as metaphor, all human knowledge inside the court of Henry VII's successor, King Henry VIII.
must be viewed as an accumulation of metaphor. It is metaphor That process, which begins with the presentation of the
which shapes language, although the degree of literacy in form of Howards' bait to the susceptible King, marks a discontinuity within
language delimits the quality of ideas which can be identified by the history of England, and of Europe as well.
means of language. It is this accumulation of "Alephs," metaphors, In shorthand, the setting for the study of the Eighteenth
which is the increase of power of a language achieved through Century, the five centuries' history of European civilization since the
increased literacy. collapse of the League of Cambrai, can be conceptualized in terms
The point to be stressed here, for purposes of limiting the of the following highlights.
body of the text, as much as possible, to the object in view, is the From circa 1517-1527, until the 1815 sessions of the
notion of the intellectual potentialities of a literate form of modern Congress of Vienna, all of European history is dominated by a
language, such as the Indo-European group: the "power set" thus Venice-orchestrated circumstance of general warfare, both civil
represented by the accepted use of that language per se. This, a warfare, such as that within England over the period from Henry
literate language, the author wishes to stress, is a heritage of VIII's Venice-sponsored marriage to Anne Boleyn through the
awesome import, which embodies within it the included handiwork Essex affair and political assassination of Christopher Marlowe, and
of long-lost generations from the very beginnings of human international wars, such as the Hapsburg looting of Rome, the
existence. Venice-orchestrated "Peasant War" in Germany, and the wars
As we must presume Dante Alighieri would have among Hapsburg Spain, France, and England, and the Netherlands.
concurred, a literate form of such a language, expressed as true The reflection of this process into England itself defines
Classical poetry, is already the highest form of mathematics the five relatively distinct periods, to the present date, in the history of
human species has ever possessed. All ideas are metaphors, and England-Britain since a.d.: 1517. The first, from c.1517-1527,
language is the mathematics of metaphor. The greatest calculus is Venice's takeover of Henry VIII, through approximately the time of
that of the tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Marlowe, Shakespeare, and the 1589-1603 coups orchestrated by Paolo Sarpi's circles, to secure
Schiller. the succession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne. The
(f) Antonio Conti & His Salon (see end note) second, from the accession of James I (and Francis Bacon's mob)
Our attention here is focussed primarily upon through the interval 1666-1689, culminating in the "Glorious
approximately a century of British history, beginning Abbot Revolution" and accession of William of Orange. The third, the
Antonio Conti's rise to great influence over England's destiny, at the transition from the accession of William of Orange through the
beginning of the Eighteenth Century, and concluding a decade after victory of the British Empire (in fact) at the 1815 Congress of
the 1790 death of Giammaria Ortes. The conclusion of that Vienna. The fourth, the rise of London's world-empire, 1815-1914.
Eighteenth-Century interval is marked chiefly by three relevant The fifth, to the present, London's post-1914-1918 drive to dissolve
events: (1) the 1798 publication of Thomas Malthus plagiarism of the British Empire into the safe haven of a larger, global world-
Ortes' 1790 Riflessioni229 ; (2) Napoleon Buonaparte's dissolving the federalist dictatorship controlled by Venetian-British radical
existence of Venice as a state; (3) the emergence of post-Italian- ideology: a utopian goal first sought through the abortive League of
 26
Nations, and, later, the United Nations Organization. like.
Conti emerges as a figure prominently involved in the Remember! How does one transform a corral filled with
shaping of future history approximately at the outbreak of the yesterday's raw crop of captured slaves into a relatively docile
Venice-orchestrated "Marlborough Wars" of the "Spanish collection of tamed human cattle? Societies based upon the practice
Succession." Here, we are focussed upon the historical significance of slavery employ the same methods required for breeding down
of those radical-empiricist conceptions which Ortes' influence wild herds into domesticated dumb beasts prized for their milk,
established as the reigning doctrine of British global policy, from meat, and docility. Colonialism, such as that of the Eighteenth- and
the last quarter of the Eighteenth Century down through the present- Nineteenth-Centuries' British Empire, applies these methods of
day proposal for the adoption of Ortes' 1790 population dogma as slave-breeding to the taming, the dumbing-down of entire
the enforceable law of a worldwide imperial tyranny known as the subjugated nations. The same colonialist methods were applied to
U.N.O.. the defeated, as both occupation and post-occupation policies, by the
The kernel of this inquiry is: how did the radicalism of victors at the 1815 Congress of Vienna, and of the two World Wars
Conti's Eighteenth-Century circles differ, and to what effect, from of this century. This was the method applied to Argentina in 1982,
the earlier forms of Venetian empiricism, such as the by Britain's Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (and her Lord
Aristotelianism of Pomponazzi, the Kabbalistic empiricism of Carrington), the same method applied to Iraq, by her and her
Francesco Zorzi, the empiricism of such Rosicrucian cultists as familiar George Bush, in 1990-1991.237
Francis Bacon, Robert Fludd, Thomas Hobbes, Elias Ashmole, John The Eighteenth-Century radical empiricists' use of "the
Locke, and Isaac Newton, or the early-Eighteenth-Century methods of Galileo and Newton" to retard creativity in all fields, not
empiricism of David Hume? only physical science, is the central feature of British imperialism's
The topics addressed in the preceding five sections have Venetian strategy for "dumbing down" the human species globally
prepared us to attack now those kernel-questions which we have just to a level of readiness for world-government. Once the implications
posed. of this detail of the radical-empiricist method is made clear, the rest
The common trait of the Canaanites of Tyre, of the Roman of British imperialist and related policy is readily understood,
Empire and its Byzantine successor, of medieval Venice, and of including the methods of "dumbing down" slaves and for British
such Venice-controlled corporations as the Portuguese, Dutch, and brainwashing of other subject populations, such as that of the
English trading companies, is traffic in slaves. This was the pedigree Twentieth-Century United States.
and heritage of England's Levant Company and of its successors, the Consider in this light the principal successive changes,
Bank of England, the Eighteenth-Century British East India from the mid-Fifteenth-Century attack on Nicolaus of Cusa by John
Company, and the Barings bank of the evil William F. Petty, the Wenck,238 into Ortes' injection of radical empiricism into London.
Second Earl of Shelburne. This is the heritage of the author of Here lies the key to Bertrand Russell; here is the detail in the devil.
Aristotle's overt apology for evil, his Ethics and his Politics. The Pomponazzian Francesco Zorzi's 1525 Harmonia Mundi, a
practice of, and apology for, the practice of slavery or kindred forms Kabbalistic attack upon Cusa's De Docta Ignorantia, is the first
of usury, is the common attribute of a form of society which is truly known point of origin of empiricism per se inside England. 239 From
evil, a form of society common to ancient Tyre, Lycurgus' Sparta, this point on, from Zorzi through Bacon, Locke, Francesco
the Roman Empire, Venice, and the thoroughly Venetian Anglo- Algarotti,240 Ortes,241 Adam Smith, and British foreign-intelligence
Dutch "India" companies. chief Jeremy Bentham, James Mill, the British and Vienna
The essence of the methods of "dumbing down" slaves, of utilitarians, the French positivist followers of Abbot Moigno, and
subject nations, and of U.N.O.-designed "Outcome-Based Bertrand Russell, all empiricism and its existentialist derivatives is
Education" applied to would-be victims of a U.N.O. world- based upon this argument set forth by Zorzi.242
dictatorship,232 is the vicious suppression of the creative powers of It was not until Paolo Sarpi that we see a consistent effort
reason, those distinctively human mental capabilities which are by Venetians to erect a systematic empiricism as an anti-science
expressed typically in the form of valid axiomatic-revolutionary against the modern science established by Cusa, Pacioli, Leonardo,
discoveries in physical science. and Kepler. Briefly, summing up the case: Toward the end of the
That has been the role of Delphic Aristotelianism since the Sixteenth Century, Venice moved in against the Classical current in
time of Plato's Academy, and the role of Parmenides' Eleatic and the Renaissance music, co-opting the son of the musician Galilei in the
Sophists' schools of anti-Pythagorean formalism earlier.233 That is same general time-frame that the talented Claudio Monteverdi was
the significance of the Venetians' creation of the fame of Galileo and transformed into a pre-Wagnerian pagan.243 In this batch, Venice
his English parody, the Kabbalist Isaac Newton;234 that is the picked up and "turned" a former student of Johannes Kepler's work,
significance of the Critiques of Kant. That is the precise significance Galileo Galilei, whom Kepler had come to know through Kepler's
of Newton's hypotheses non fingo.235 That is the method of Norbert own earlier studies in music under Galileo's father. Sarpi protégé
Wiener, John Von Neumann, and other founders of the pseudo- Galileo reworked information he had received from Kepler,
scientific "artificial intelligence."236 That is the significance of the perverting it to remove all traces of the Platonic method which
Conti circles' radical use of the algebraic methods associated Kepler had employed to make these discoveries.244 Thus, under
factionally with Galileo and Newton as the basis for delimiting all Sarpi's patronage and direction, was born the mechanistic or
forms of allowed human behavior. empiricist school in algebraic physics.
An insight into the crucial sociological features of the The open assault upon science by Sarpi's protégés is
slave-trade is key to understanding the philosophy of the United centered most prominently in three published writings of the early-
Nations Organization's utopian efforts at world government today, Seventeenth Century: Francis Bacon's New Organon (Novum
and is key to understanding the motivating world-outlook of Conti, Organum)245 , Robert Fludd's Rosicrucian parody of Zorzi's
Ortes, Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, Bertrand Russell, and their Kabbalistic Harmonia Mundi,246 and Galileo's Dialogues....247 All of
 27
these have in common two features: (1) They reaffirm the empiricism into a truly radical form of counterculture, basing the
Aristotelian standpoint of empiricism, that of Wenck, Pomponazzi, form of this transformation upon general application of the algebraic
and Zorzi, insisting that only "induction" from sense-perceptions is mechanistic methods of Galileo and Newton.
permissible; that mental objects must be excluded from This was the circle of Venetian agent-controllers which
consideration. (2) They insist that arithmetic and algebraic methods produced the French Physiocrats and the networks of Voltaire.
of Aristotelian deduction (and induction) are the exclusive basis for These were the coordinators of the Orléans faction of Jacobin leader
measurement of the cause-effect relations inferred from simple Philippe Egalité. Conti's circle were the necromancers who took the
sense-perception.248 deceased Galileo from his cozily warm repose in Hell, 252 and
Out of this Jacobite crew of Rosicrucians, Bacon, Fludd, apotheosized a Newton out of that gentleman's richly deserved
Thomas Hobbes, and Elias Ashmole, the original Ashmolean cult of obscurity. These were, in fact, the creators of Jacobinism itself, as
British speculative Freemasonry was spawned during the 1640's.249 Karl Marx would have been most pleased to learn—if Marx's
Out of the same British branch of the Stuart Rosicrucian cult250 British-intelligence controller Urquhart did not indeed confide this
came the London Royal Society of John Locke, Kabbalist Isaac somewhat delicate information to him.253 Apart from these details,
Newton, et al. The Society was established by these British the primary historical significance of Conti's circles today, is their
Rosicrucian heirs of Bacon and Fludd, to combat the forces of successful hoax, their fraudulent apotheosis of Galileo and Newton,
"continental science," the latter a catch-all term for the work of as a central figure of their initiation of Shelburne's apparatus into the
Cusa, Leonardo da Vinci, Kepler, and, later, Desargues, Fermat, mysteries of radical empiricism: the hedonistic calculus.
Pascal, Huyghens, Leibniz, Johann Bernoulli, Legendre, Monge, We have indicated the nature of the distinction between the
Gauss, Riemann, Weber, et al. Newton's hypotheses non fingo is the overtly anti-science philosophical and theological bias of the early-
tell-tale symptom; the method of discovery is banned. Wherever that Sixteenth-Century Venetian Aristotelians, and the use of the same
tell-tale symptom is presented, the methods of the slave-master are empiricist method to take over political control of institutions of
at work: the dumbing-down of scientists is in process. science, under Paolo Sarpi et al. at the beginning of the Seventeenth
That is the general development of empiricism up to the Century. The emergence of radical empiricism represents a similarly
appearance of Conti's circles. First, it appears as the corrosive well-defined change from the form of empiricism characteristic of
Aristotelianism of Wenck, Pomponazzi, and Zorzi: an anti-science the preceding Seventeenth and early-Eighteenth Centuries. One
attack upon the Renaissance's philosophical flank and theological aspect of this difference, the radicals' break with cautious deference
flank in general. Then, following Zorzi's influence in Henry VIII's to custom, has been addressed earlier here; the second, the Conti
England, toward the end of the century, under Paolo Sarpi, there is circle's growing emphasis upon the mechanistic algebra of Galileo,
the attempted political takeover of existing science, using the Descartes, and Newton has been identified, but wants to be stressed
empiricist methods of Bacon, Fludd, and, later, Newton. Then, enter a bit more for purposes of clarity now.
Conti et al. The simplest way in which to demonstrate the practical
Conti comes on stage251 during the last gasp of Venice's implication of the difference, is to examine the modern history of
military power under such notorious houses as the Mocenigo and "Malthusianism."
Morosini. There is no apparent reason to quarrel with the It should be conceded that the history of population control
commonplace view that the 1699 Peace of Karlowitz was the high- is very ancient, and very pagan. Typical, is the method of the
water mark for Venice on this account. In the wake of these wars of Canaanites of Tyre, the worshippers of Moloch and kindred images
conquest in the Peloponessus, although Venice stagnated in its own of self-degradation. There is the Tyre-like conduct of Herod, as
decadence at home, its intelligence apparatus abroad is estimated to summarized in the Gospel According to St. Matthew, Chap. 2.
have increased in power and influence into the middle of the During the recent two thousand years of European history, the first
Eighteenth Century. In this circumstance, Venetian nobleman "Malthusian" law similar to what is proposed for the U.N.O. Cairo
Antonio Conti emerges as a growing power in the internal life and Population Conference, was the "socialist" decrees of the Roman
foreign affairs of France, England, and Germany. Emperor Diocletian.254 In modern European history, the center of
It is Conti, eventually a member of the London Royal population-control policies of this sort has been consistently Venice.
Society, who organizes the attempts to defame Leibniz, and, in that The beginning of Malthusianism in Britain was imported from
connection controls the British side of the famous debate-by- Sixteenth-Century Venice, in the form of the 1606 English
correspondence among Leibniz, Samuel Clarke, and Newton. It is translation of Venetian Giovanni Botero's "Delle cause della
Conti's circle which deploys the famous Venetian boudoir agent grandezza e magnificenze della città." (1588).255
Giacomo Casanova against the court and person of France's Louis As Schumpeter notes, Botero's population policy was
XV. It is Conti who coordinates the Venetian agent Abbot Giuseppe adopted by the most influential, Venice-linked grandfather of
Riva in operations against Leibniz inside the circles of Hanover's Jeremy Bentham's and Thomas Malthus' Shelburne, William Petty,
Venetian dupe, George Ludwig, that Venetian dupe who became the in his 1682 "Essay Concerning the Multiplication of Mankind." 256
first British monarch, George I. It is Conti who controls agents such Through the influence of this Petty and such radiations of that as
as Francesco Algarotti and Giammaria Ortes; it is Conti's network, through Adam Ferguson,257 this form of the Malthusian dogma was
continuing after his death, which deploys the notorious Count already in circulation in Britain prior to the arrival of the writings of
Alessandro Cagliostro against the monarchy of France's Louis XVI Ortes.
and the King's wife, Marie Antoinette. That Thomas Malthus parodied Ortes' Riflessioni is beyond
As noted earlier, Conti and his salon had two primary doubt. More significantly, Charles Darwin's work in biology was
adversarial targets, the nation of France, and the person of Gottfried premised explicitly upon Malthus' An Essay on Population. The
Leibniz. Otherwise, Conti and his mob of agents had one principal social and political philosophy of the eugenicist movement,
undertaking, revolutionary transformation of already existing including the political philosophy of the Harriman and appended
 28
Bush families in their 1930's support of Adolf Hitler, and in U.S. causes for the emergence of oligarchical rule. The very existence of
political and juridical life generally,258 is premised upon blind the young U.S.A. as a Federal Republic is a demonstration of this
adulation of Darwin as a "Malthusian." Malthus-adulator Darwin point. The average American was culturally and economically
has been superimposed arbitrarily, officially, and widely upon the superior to the average Briton of the Eighteenth Century: over
theory and teaching of biology. Yet, the elaborated conception of ninety percent of the U.S. citizens were literate, as contrasted with a
"carrying capacity" embedded in the Hitler-like pro-genocidal poor forty percent of the Britons. Moreover, since nations which did
U.N.O. proposals for the 1994 Cairo Population Conference is not compete technologically would be strategically inferior, even the
adduced not from Malthus' text, but rather that of Ortes. What is states committed to oligarchism, such as Eighteenth-Century
specially significant about Ortes on this latter and related accounts? Britain, were compelled to adopt from Colbert's France and Leibniz
Schumpeter typifies the lack of elementary scientific that same technological progress which they hated to see in French
literacy among those who imagine that Petty's suggestion of a "law hands.
of geometric progression" shows that this notion was implicit in the Consider the case of population policies within
work of Botero.259 The notion of geometric progression was Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Venice itself. As a measure to
established by Leonardo of Pisa's Liber Abaci (1202). With the prevent the parcelling of family wealth into relatively smaller units,
work of Luca Pacioli and his student Leonardo da Vinci, 260 the the leading Venetian families had imposed strict measures of birth
importance of work such as Leonardo of Pisa's "Fibonacci Series" control upon their own ranks. This, not an excess of religious fervor,
was fully superseded. The special significance of Ortes' role in accounts for the proliferation of monks and nuns, as well as
modern Malthusianism came about as a continuation of the war powerful abbots (with practice of vows in abeyance) among these
against Leibniz by Conti and Venice's agent Voltaire. Ortes' noble Venetian households. This did not originate in Venice; the
"Malthusian" work developed out of the following sequence of collapse of the Eastern Roman Empire was a result of the same
events. policy, under the "Malthusian" decrees of Diocletian.
A follower of Leibniz, Süssmilch, in 1740, produced a For the Venetian nobility and their oligarchical clones
work promoting population growth, which provoked one among the throughout Europe, the interdependent advance in science, culture,
"Encyclopedist" confederates of Conti and Voltaire, Pierre technology, the division of labor, and population generally was a
Maupertuis, then working at the Berlin Academy. 261 This produced great catastrophe: for them, a virtually apocalyptic catastrophe.
a work which Ortes reported as being influential for his own work From their standpoint, one could not choose not to take that route;
on population theories. Among the notable retorts against the nation which chose abstinence from progress, while other
Maupertuis' dogma is one produced by Benjamin Franklin, a North nations advanced, was choosing its own political oblivion. In the
American associate of the international Leibniz networks.262 oligarchy's view, therefore, no nation must be permitted to continue
Maupertuis' reaction against Süssmilch is the key to the specifics of these practices; these practices must be banned from the planet.
Ortes' Riflessioni and its influence. By the middle of the Eighteenth Century, the Venetian
From a great statistical distance, the most conspicuous oligarchy throughout Europe had become alerted to what Leibniz's
correlative of the post-a.d.: 1400 increase of population is circles understood: that there is an interdependency between levels
urbanization. On closer inspection, the process is as described, of technological progress and potential population-density. The
somewhat prophetically, by U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander work of Süssmilch, which excited Maupertuis' frenzy, illustrates that
Hamilton's 1791 Report to the U.S. Congress "On the Subject of connection explicitly. Without scientific and technological progress,
Manufactures".263 The productivity of agricultural labor, per capita, the level of population could not be sustained; however, with
per household, and per square kilometer, is increased by the technological progress, oligarchism would not be tolerated much
development of infrastructural public works, and by the benefits of longer anywhere. So, "the Venetian Party's" commitment to a
urban manufactures for the technology and productivity of Malthusian utopia, an oligarchical "one-world" imperial government
agriculture. Globally, the urban-rural relationship within the nations developed around Venice's British option, became an hysterical
of Western European civilization is replicated to a significant degree commitment during the course of the Eighteenth Century.
in the relationship between the relatively more, and relatively less By this time, Europe's Venetian oligarchy264 had had its
industrialized regions of the planet. "racial memory refreshed" on the subject of Plato's principle of
This urban-centered global development required nurture knowledge, the principle of Socratic hypothesis. It "remembered"
of the cultural potentials of the average person, and also required an collectively why the Apollo cult's oligarchy had hated Socrates and
accelerating emphasis upon the division of labor, especially in the Plato so bitterly, why the Rome branch of the Apollo cult had hated
urban regions. In military terms, this combined economic and social Jesus Christ so bitterly.265 When men and women come to base their
development increased not only the per-capita productivity of labor, social relations upon taking creativity (hypothesis) as the object of
but also the superior military potential of the technologically more conscious reflection, and placing that above bare sensuality in rank,
advanced states. Thus, all in all, without the kinds of intervention society knows in that way the meaning of Genesis 1:26-28. Then,
which Venice launched in the attempt to slow down the rates of man cannot be as a beast to man, leaving no room for the continued
economic and scientific progress, especially economic progress, the existence of societies degraded by submission to oligarchical forms
states based upon commitment to scientific and technological of the family.
progress would become dominant in life throughout the planet. It was not so much science as such that the Venetian
That would signify the death of oligarchism. Nations which oligarchy feared, as the reciprocal relationship between Christianity
foster the creative-mental development of their populations produce and the forms of scientific and artistic progress typified by
a people which will not tolerate oligarchical forms of rule axiomatic-revolutionary acts of scientific discovery. To express this
indefinitely. Illiterate, technologically backward populations will; Venetian enmity, the apotheosized methods of Galileo and Newton
indeed, illiteracy and technological backwardness are contributing served a double purpose: these methods virtually outlawed creative
 29
thinking, and were also useful for administering a society according In other words, in the first three matters referenced, he is
to what came to be recognizable as Malthusian principles. Thus, the lying Delphically. Why does he lie so? He is engaged in political
hatred of Nicolaus of Cusa, of Leonardo da Vinci, 266 of Kepler, of lying about scientific method; his mind has become, if not explicitly
Pascal, of Colbert, and of Leibniz. a British-occupied territory, a region under Conti's influence. His
In this fashion, the form of Aristotelianism known as the praise of Hegel exposes his political motive for the false
empiricism of Galileo and Newton became a religion for these representations in the first three instances cited here.
haters of Plato and Leibniz. That religion of Voltaire, of the Remember Soviet science under Stalin? The public papers
Encyclopedists, of Ortes, of Adam Smith, of Bentham, of Thomas of the best scientists in Russia, Ukraine and so forth, often began
R. Malthus, and of Bentham agents Robespierre, Danton, and Marat, with paeans to the scientific genius of Stalin himself, or to the
was the late-Eighteenth-Century "Enlightenment." Friedrich Engels of "opposable thumb" notoriety. An analogous
In this same fashion, under the leadership of Venice's display occurred sometimes under Adolf Hitler. One wished to
Abbot Antonio Conti, the otherwise obscure Galileo and Isaac believe that none among those scientists could have believed a word
Newton were elevated to virtual sainthood in Venice's hagiolatry. they were saying in such ritually required obeisances. It is not
The strict imposition and enforcement of the mechanistic world- necessary to do such things in Russia today. One may be inspired by
outlook and algebraic methods of these two, and their like, became that example to hope that in the not-too-distant future, professors of
articles of faith which the Venetians sought to impose upon every mathematics and physics generally will be given a similar freedom,
area of scientific inquiry, including social relations in general and so that they are no longer obliged to make themselves disgusting by
economics in particular, outlawing all contrary conceptions and politically correct ritual obeisance (Gleichschaltung) to the names of
methods from science wherever they could. Conti's and Voltaire's Galileo and Newton.
campaign against Leibniz, under the banners of Galileo, Descartes, Professor Klein was not prostrating himself before a Stalin,
and Newton, launched the Venetian oligarchy's worldwide who was not available for that part then, or British intelligence's
campaign to impose this "political correctness" upon the institutions Engels, who was; he made do with occasional allusions to Hegel.
and practice of science worldwide. The fraudulent claims for His behavior is an example of the Conti phenomenon; it is a
Newton's discovery of a calculus, a project concocted by Conti and bellwether of what has happened to science and culture in the
furthered by Voltaire and his minions, were the beginning of this United States and other nations today.
campaign. With Ortes' work, this radical empiricist view was This is not limited to the area of physical science, but since
established under the Union Jack. mathematics is a more primitive language than the spoken ones, the
Wherever the Venetian party won a war, the subject folk case is made more readily by reference to such examples. The
were compelled to expel all scientific thinking not submissive to the phenomenon which Klein's case illustrates is a general one today, a
religious worship of Galileo and Newton. So, in 1815, it went with phenomenon which could not be understood unless it were viewed
France under the Restoration Bourbons. So, to a large degree, it historically.
went in the divided Germany of Gauss and the Humboldts, as the Look at Klein's case from the standpoint of the Friedrich
cases of Clausius, Helmholtz, Kronecker, and Felix Klein attest. Schiller whose historical genius provided his survivors the key to
(g) The Case of Felix Klein freeing Europe from Napoleon Buonaparte's tyranny.
Earlier here, we identified Nicolaus of Cusa's crucial It was Schiller's studies of the struggle for the freedom of
discovery of the transcendental domain, circa a.d.: 1440. If the work the Netherlands and of the Thirty Years War, which afforded the
of Conti's salon were not known, one would find it virtually circle of von Wolzogen, Scharnhorst, vom Stein, and von Humboldt
inexplicable that one of the most famous figures in modern the key to the military defeat of the Emperor Napoleon. It was to a
mathematics, Göttingen's Professor Felix Klein, should have large degree the inspiration of Schiller's poetry and tragedies which
claimed in 1895 that the transcendental character of the magnitude π enabled the volunteers to conduct themselves in the manner which
had been first proven by Lindemann in 1882. 267 pleased Blücher so grandly. When Europe was then free from
That is not the only such folly by Professor Klein. Three Napoleon, as she would not have been but for these Germans acting
other, closely related cases are directly relevant here: his upon the lessons provided by Schiller, how was Germany rewarded
misrepresentation of a crucial feature of Riemann's Hypothesen by the Vienna Congress? Vom Stein was sent into internal exile, and
dissertation,268 his incompetent regard for the work of Georg Cantor, Schiller received the posthumous boot of tyranny under the Holy
and his shameless efforts to represent Professor G.W.F. Hegel as the Alliance's Carlsbad decrees. In this circumstance, there came to the
man who prevented the suppression of the teaching of calculus in top of Prussian celebrity the Metternich spy G.W.F. Hegel, and, at
Prussia. Hegel's side, the prophet of Nazi law, the Romantic neo-Kantian F.
In the first three cases, Klein falsifies by resort to fallacy of Karl Savigny.270
composition. That is to say, there is nothing objectionable in what Meanwhile, as we have noted earlier, repression also came
Klein actually shows; he shows something, narrowly, which is to French science. At the Ecole Polytechnique, Gaspard Monge and
truthful as far as his demonstration goes, but pretends that what he his program were uprooted from that institution, which was given
shows also demonstrates something more fundamental, which he over to the neo-Newtonian creations of Abbot Moigno, LaPlace, and
knows it does not. In the fourth instance, his defense of Hegel, his Augustin Cauchy. Alexander von Humboldt, working to snatch real
argument is flatly contrary to the truth. In fact, the introduction of French science from under the hooves of Cauchy and his crew,
Nineteenth-Century mathematics at Berlin was accomplished by faced the difficulty that the university at Berlin, which should have
Alexander von Humboldt and the Prussian military, virtually over been nominally under the direction of Alexander's brother and
the protesting dead body of Professor Hegel. 269 The latter issue must Schiller's follower, Wilhelm, was actually under the veto-control of
be mentioned because reference to the fact of this matter is helpful a pair of tyrannical, anti-science rogues, Hegel and Savigny. Hegel
for understanding the first three. was determined not to allow men who would appear, later, as the
 30
world's greatest gathering of scientists, to be habilitated at the empiricist method of Galileo, Descartes, Newton, and Russell is
university. To get around Metternich-asset Hegel, Alexander was premised upon that Aristotelian fraud of Pomponazzi, Zorzi, Conti,
obliged to establish advanced mathematics instruction in the et al. That is the key to each and all of the four listed frauds of
philology department, and to rely upon the Prussian military to Professor Felix Klein.
habilitate professors at their academy, who could not be prevented It is sufficient to focus on the one selected example, Klein's
then from teaching at Berlin. false statement that the transcendental nature of π was first proven
For an extended period, there was a similar, perhaps worse by Lindemann in 1882, approximately 440 years after that discovery
situation of political repression at Gauss' Göttingen University, and proof of it were actually supplied by Nicolaus of Cusa. Klein is
under the tyranny of the British House of Hanover. Gauss' letters to arguing from an Aristotelian standpoint; the issue was well known
the Bolyais, father and son, on the matter of his own suppressed in Germany at that time; Klein ran up against this frequently during
discoveries in non-Euclidean geometries, reflect the degree to which the 1882-1895 interval preceding the lectures on "Famous
this political terrorism by reigning authorities was able to suppress Problems." All of Cantor's fundamental discoveries were publicly
science.271 In that time, there was a notorious case of mass represented by him as premised on an anti-Aristotelian basis in Plato
suppression of academic freedom there, the case of the "Göttingen as viewed by Cusa.276 Klein is also aware of the same issue in the
Seven."272 center of the so-called Leibniz-Clarke controversy and sundry
Beginning 1850, even before Gauss' death, London attacks upon Leibniz's Monadology.277
launched a major onslaught against the influence of Leibniz's and Dr. Samuel Clarke's performance in the Leibniz-Clarke
Gauss' science in Germany. Kelvin performed a critical role in this. correspondence is immediately crucial for identifying the pretext
London's exemplary assets in German science during the middle of underlying Klein's hoax on the subject of the discovery of π's
the century were at that time Rudolf Clausius and Hermann transcendental character.278 Clarke is not engaging in a dialogue
Helmholtz.273 By the close of the century, when Klein delivered his with Leibniz; he is behaving like today's literary hoodlums from the
"Famous Problems" lectures, German science was in significant ranks of mass-media journalism, such as the London Daily
political decline, under increasing onslaughts from the radical Telegraph, Washington Post, New York Post, or NBC-TV News; he
positivists, such as Ernst Mach. is carrying the "party line" of the Abbot Antonio Conti, who
One must look back to the early decades of Nineteenth- manufactured the issues being debated from the British side; no fact
Century Britain to put the political decline of German science into swerves Clarke from mindlessly repeating Conti's "party line." The
proper historical perspective. As of close of the Napoleonic wars, issue posed by Leibniz there is clearly stated: Newton's "fluxions" is
when John Herschel and Charles Babbage wrote their celebrated "D- not a calculus, but simply a rewarming of familiar stunts with
ism and Dot-age" paper, ridiculing Newton's influence and the infinite series.
London Royal Society,274 John's father (and Carl Gauss' friend) This is the crux of the formal argument in exposing the
Wilhelm Herschel the astronomer from Hanover, was the only first- fraud of a Venice-directed Leonhard Euler in 1761,279 a Cauchy of
rate scientist in Britain. Almost reluctantly, Britain crawled out of the Bourbon Restoration, or a Felix Klein of 1895: a refusal to admit
these decades of lapse into scientific illiteracy, junked Newton's that an infinite series of a lower species of function can not become
pseudo-calculus for a bowdlerized version of Leibniz's, and congruent with a higher species of function. One of our given
established the British Association for the Advancement of Science illustrations of this issue was the refusal of some to acknowledge a
(BAAS). species-difference between the integer "5" and the similar quadratic
Then, Britain concentrated upon attempting to wreck root. Consider, as briefly as possible, the nature of the issue as Klein
scientific progress in the nations, including Germany, from which it identifies it in the given text-reference.
had borrowed so much for its own recovery: Conti would have been Consider carefully the elements of witting fallacy of
pleased with the performance. Why was Gauss afraid to reveal his composition which Klein employs to avoid touching upon facts
work in discovery of non-Euclidean geometry? To what purpose did which would reveal his sleight-of-hand in choosing the 1882 dating.
Thomson (Kelvin) direct Clausius? Why did the British steer Begin with a crucial instance of this, on pp. 55-56.280 He begins by
Helmholtz's fraud against music, and in other matters? 275 Why did stating the proposition in the following ambiguous terms: "... if the
so many Nineteenth-Century German scientists feel obliged to begin number π is not algebraic, it certainly cannot be constructed by
serious works with a literary genuflection to the "Engels" (Newton) means of straight edge and compasses. The quadrature of the circle
whom they repudiated implicitly in every part of the work which in the sense understood by the ancients is then impossible." [italics
this disgusting genuflection prefaced? Such considerations do not in original—LHL] On p. 56, he proceeds to the following statement,
justify Klein's contested behavior, but they do render it historically which includes a revealing omission and a falsehood:
comprehensible. The Greeks rose above this empirical standpoint [of the
This brings us again to the detail in the devil, the crux of Rhind papyrus—LHL], and especially Archimedes. ... His method
Klein's fallacy of composition in the matter of π. remained in use until the invention of the differential calculus... .
Circa a.d.: 1440, Nicolaus of Cusa discovered that the The crucial intervening development was the rigorous
circle is that higher species of function which we term definition of the class of incommensurables by Plato's Academy at
"transcendental." The crucial advances in science accomplished by Athens, notably the method of Eudoxus, on which Archimedes'
Pacioli, Leonardo, Kepler, Desargues, Fermat, Pascal, Huyghens, attempted quadrature was premised; Klein's witting omission of that
Leibniz, Gauss, Riemann, et al. after that, are all derived from the fact is an important fallacy of composition, permitting Klein to
radiated influence of this discovery by Cusa. Consistently, since falsify his argument further, by also omitting reference to the
Pomponazzi and his Kabbalistic follower Zorzi, the Venetians have ontological issue addressed successfully by Nicolaus of Cusa.
fought to suppress not only the fact of Cusa's discovery, but also the Those choices of starting-points set the stage for Klein's
method by means of which the discovery was accomplished. The crucial, false assumption, set forth on pp. 58-59:
 31
3. The period from 1670 to 1770, characterized by the sleight-of-hand is that he is attempting to bury this ontological
names of Leibniz, Newton, and Euler, saw the rise of modern problem of mathematics out of sight, under a dung-heap of
analysis. Great discoveries followed one another in such an almost formalism; that is the essential fraud typified by his Famous
unbroken series that, as was natural, critical rigor fell into the Problems.
background. For our purposes the development of the theory of Formally, Klein's presentation of his Famous Problems is
series is especially important. an attack upon Leibniz and Riemann from the standpoint of Euler, 282
With that silly bit of pedagogical hand-waving there, you Clausius, et al.283 This is by no means a mere classroom issue of
have Klein's hoax set into place on stage. Henceforth, everything mathematical formalities.
said by Klein is an extension of that whopper, that fallacy of Most readers are probably aware, that one of the results of
composition. the popularization of the word "relativity," into the 1970's, was
The crucial code-words from that citation are "analysis" significant discussion, among scientific circles, in college
and infinite "series." Those code-words' appearance rightly implies classrooms, and in some daily newspapers' "Sunday Supplements,"
that Klein is not addressing the ontological problem of species- of whether our universe were "curved," and what sort of "curvature"
distinction, which he only pretends to be attacking; he is engaged in it might have. In time, many have debated that issue without first
a sleight of hand, pretending to address an ontological problem, troubling themselves to discover the nature of the evidence being
while considering only a formal one.281 He is addressing a problem debated to this effect. The better educated among persons from
in infinite series; he is using the credibility of Hermite's and those generations may recall, that Albert Einstein referred to
Lindemann's work on this problem of infinite series, to deflect the Riemann—and also Kepler—as an important forerunner of the
viewer's attention from the fact that he is not addressing the present century's discoveries of Einstein et al. Riemann's
ontological problem at all. That is the formal nature of his fraud. Hypothesen paper is the location in which those deeper implications
Review very briefly some relevant points identified earlier. of relativity were first addressed publicly.284 Let us compare the
1. Klein is addressing a matter addressed by Cusa more import of that aspect of the dissertation with our ongoing
than 450 years earlier: to demonstrate that the domain of presentation of the method of history applicable to the exemplary
incommensurables is divided into not less than two distinct species: case of Bertrand Russell. In that way, the broader historical
the one, the notion of squaring the circle, and the magnitude which significance of Klein's fallacy of composition is made clear.
can not be squared. The proof of this distinction's discovery rests The key here is Riemann's method, the same Platonic
upon the method for defining incommensurables developed by method of hypothesis employed by Nicolaus of Cusa for the
Plato's Academy at Athens. discovery of that which we term today the transcendental domain.
Without referencing, or replicating those well-known The same method was employed by Gauss, by Bolyai, by
methods of that Academy which were emulated by Archimedes, no Lobachevski, and by Riemann for the discovery of both so-called
treatment of this matter can be regarded as scholarly or scientifically "non-Euclidean" geometry, and for the development of the notion of
rigorous. the hypergeometric domain. By questioning the generally accepted
2. The definition of species of numbers or of magnitudes, assumptions of geometry and of mathematics generally at that time,
or functions which serve as substitutes for numbers, is that the these Nineteenth-Century discoverers did to geometry generally
higher species is axiomatically incommensurable in terms of the what Cusa did to the quadrature theorems of Archimedes: Riemann,
lower one. Thus, Eudoxus, and Archimedes after him, knew that an like Cusa, focussed upon the presumptuousness of the axioms
infinite series in lower terms could not be congruent with, but only (Riemann: "hypotheses") which underlay generally accepted
approximate closely values which are higher or lower than the classroom mathematics of that time.285 This led to the result upon
magnitude of the incommensurable.3. Cusa's "De Circuli which Einstein made his referenced general comment, on a small
Quadratura" is the classic method for determining the fact that but important aspect of Riemann's dissertation as a whole.
circular action in space-time is a higher-order of species than simply As Einstein understood this corner of the business, the
extended magnitudes in space. question is posed: What are the differences which might be
Work on infinite series is not useless; as in the case of observable by people living within our physical space-time domain,
Hermite and Lindemann, it represents a continuing effort to refine by means of which we might discover whether our universe has a
the methods available for giving less inexact, far more rapidly predominantly negative, positive, or zero curvature? Einstein read
acquired numerical approximations of complex curves and surfaces the relevant literature as showing, for example, that Gauss and
in the complex domain, for manipulating different kinds of such Riemann inferred a spherical curvature, and Lobachevski a negative
series as sub-types, and so on. But ... a well-cooked meal is a good (hyperbolic) curvature. By contrast, the mathematical method of
thing, but not an appropriate motive for marrying the stove. Galileo, Descartes, Newton, and Bertrand Russell belongs to a
Such useful mathematical development as that of Euler, universe which has implicitly a zero curvature.286 Riemann reports
Hermite, and Lindemann, for example, has the ironical quality, that that he addressed this proposition with help of concepts suggested
the more it succeeds on the one side, the formal side, the more by two of Gauss' crucial writings, the first on biquadratic residues,
problematic it becomes on the other side, the ontological side. This and a second on curved surfaces,287 and, as noted above, by some
is the problem addressed by Riemann in the passages we cited promptings from the work of a one-time student of Schiller's work,
earlier from his Hypothesen; that entire work is dedicated to the the anti-Kant philosopher Herbart.288 With aid of the suggestions
same problem. This is the issue of that formal side of the ontological taken from Gauss' work, and an intensive study of the work of
problem of the "immeasurably small," the formal issue which was Newton, as well as Legendre, et al., in addition to studies under
greatly simplified for comprehension by the work of Cantor on the Jacob Steiner, Riemann effected what he correctly understood to be
matter of transfinite types. From the vantage-point implicit in these a revolution in mathematical physics, that which centered around
references to Riemann and Cantor, the significance of Klein's the possibility of measuring the curvature of the physical space-time
 32
289
in which our species acts. Plato's notion of Hypothesis.
This was a Platonic revolution, which Riemann's From the combining of these two points of reference (as we
posthumously published papers on Herbart, combined with the have outlined those standpoints above here), we are able to define
evidence of his Hypothesen itself, oblige us to view in no other way human creativity as a mental object, and this in the same sense that
but that. we use the term "object" to identify the conception we associate
In reviewing professional opinions on Riemann's rigorous with any empirical phenomenon. It is only by doing precisely that
original and profound contributions to the formalities of which Pomponazzi, Zorzi, Francis Bacon, and so on explicitly
mathematics and mathematical physics, it should be recognized that prohibit, including "mental objects" (e.g., metaphor) as scientific
these aspects of his work are often referenced to the (sometimes phenomena, that we are able to adduce that efficient quality which
intended) effect of misleading our attention away from the well- defines mankind as a species set absolutely apart from and above all
springs of his genius.290 The center of Riemann's discovery of the other species.
1853-1854 interval lies not in the mathematical formalities of the So, as we have emphasized at an earlier point, relative to
subject-matters principally addressed; Riemann's genius lies in science (e.g., Riemann's principle underlying his fundamental
emphasizing the subjectivity of all scientific work, as his breakthrough of 1853-1854), in mathematics and related aspects of
posthumously published critical items on Herbartian method physics we encounter two general classes of what Riemann
corroborate the explicit guidance provided within the dissertation identifies as Geistesmassen,293 the metaphors which the present
itself. writer has termed "thought-objects."
The key to understanding the essential subjectivity of From the initial vantage-point referenced by Riemann, that
Riemann's revolution is the present author's "Metaphor" series, of Classical constructive and formal geometries, the lower of these
including the relatively most recent "The Truth About Temporal classes is the notion of the Cantorian transfiniteness of any formally
Eternity."291 Apply the more general implications of the Riemann consistent theorem-lattice: that, for the array of both known and yet-
argument referenced by Einstein. The argument to be made is as to-be-discovered theorems in a given lattice, we may substitute the
follows. set of axioms and postulates underlying that lattice as a whole. By
In earlier portions of this present report, as in the conceptualizing that latter array of axioms and postulates as a
referenced "The Truth About Temporal Eternity," the case is made "generating principle,"294 we are to present to ourselves the solution-
that the absolute distinction which sets mankind apart from and principle of Plato's Parmenides; in place of the Many theorems of
above all other species is mankind's manifest capacity to alter the open-ended lattice, we substitute as a One the unified conception
willfully, successfully, our species' potential relative population- of the array of axioms and postulates as a single mental object. 295
density. The quality of this capacity is shown to us chiefly in two However, it is impossible to conceptualize such a set of
ways. axioms as a "One" from within the confines of reference to but one
First, we can look at all of discoverable human existence such theorem-lattice. To overcome that difficulty, one must either
from the standpoint of the recent six centuries of the combined generate a valid new theorem-lattice, more powerful (in cardinality)
physical economy and demographic characteristics of European than the first, or one must relive someone else's original discovery to
civilization. This enables us to recognize not only the benefit of that effect. This difficulty, of conceptualizing the One which is a
replacing the old feudal and other forms of imperial social generating-principle for a Many, cannot be solved by merely
organization by Dante's and Cusa's notion of the sovereign nation- comparing two axiomatically distinct theorem-lattices; one must
state republic based upon subjection to a Christian definition of experience the generation of the higher from the lower, either an
natural law, but also willful fostering of the forms of technological original experience, or as a replication of that original discovery
progress in infrastructure and production which depend, in turn, within one's own mental processes.
upon progress in science and in Classical forms of art. This enables One can then name that discovery "Pythagoras," "Plato,"
to recognize the efficiency of precursors of such progress in earlier "Eudoxus," "Eratosthenes," "Archimedes," "Nicolaus of Cusa,"
forms of society, including the evidence of the continuing "Leonardo da Vinci," "Kepler," "Desargues," "Pascal," "Huyghens,"
development of language itself. "Leibniz," ... , "Riemann," "Cantor," or "Gödel," as all good literate
Second, the young child learns the concepts of his or her scientific practice has learned to do. If one of these has effected
civilized culture by reliving the act of discovery of those several discoveries of principle, or qualitative improvements of such
conceptions. "Why?," the mentally healthy child asks. As we have a discovery, we use the names of the discoveries, separately, or
indicated, respecting the Classical alternative to textbook education, hyphenated, as "person-species" of discovery, or assign a sub-name
once we are able to replicate willfully what we can recognize as an to each of the discoveries of that person.
act of original and fundamental discovery of a new principle of It is only in such social relations, premised in the domain of
science, we are thus enabled to make ourselves conscious of that such mental objects (Riemann's Geistesmassen), that real science
specific type of mental activity which we have replicated within our proceeds. By looking into the mind of others, through reliving their
own minds. By recognizing such creativity as being a type of acts of axiomatic-revolutionary discovery, and their experience in
activity, rather than an isolated act, through replicating numerous reliving, in their turn, the axiomatic-revolutionary discoveries of
such original discoveries, creative mentation becomes an object of others, we are able to look similarly into our own minds. Otherwise,
which we are conscious as we might be conscious of any sensory without that specific, and very immediate quality of social relations
event.292 By employing the same method for discovery of new with others—in terms of relatively valid axiomatic-revolutionary
theorems consistent with an established theorem-lattice, and also discoveries,296 including many long dead, science were impossible.
discoveries which overturn such theorem-lattices axiomatically, the Without experiencing the generation of successively higher
conscious mind of the student is enabled to distinguish between cardinalities of species-distinct theorem-lattices (or, the equivalent
ordinary discovery and axiomatic-revolutionary discovery, the latter experience), it were impossible to conceptualize the set of axioms of
 33
a single species of theorem-lattice as a generating-principle, as a per-capita, per-household, and per-square-kilometer terms.
Platonic One. The lesson of Plato's Parmenides may be restated, That geodetic is also that map of the human intellect which
therefore: Human knowledge through mere sense-perception alone is our indispensable guide to scientific knowledge, including what
were impossible; except as man acts, through thought-objects, to we term "moral knowledge," or "natural law." Without it, scientific
change human behavior axiomatically, man were incapable of that progress in the larger sense were impossible. Science has progressed
quality of distinction from the mere beasts for which we assign despite the Aristotelian-empiricist attempt of the Venetian Party to
human significance to the term "knowledge." halt it. The dogma of Galileo's method, and the related insistence
That returns one's study of Riemann's work to the opening that apparent convergence in terms of infinite series eliminates the
outline of his referenced dissertation: the task is to examine, in a existence of singularities, is the devil's own work, a product of the
general way, the presumptions, called axioms, which underlie (as Venetian efforts to bring human knowledge to a halt by outlawing
"generating principles") the various forms (theorem-lattices) of anything but the empiricist method of Aristotelians and neo-
geometry (and physics) which have existed from Euclid through Aristotelians such as Pomponazzi, Zorzi, Bacon, Locke, Newton,
Legendre. and Ortes.
Only from the standpoint of physical economy, as this To understand the recent six centuries of European
writer has defined that relevance here and elsewhere, 297 is a rigorous civilization's process of emerging as the dominant characteristic of a
science possible. The question, "What is knowledge?," must first be planetary culture, we must return to reconsider a point identified
restated, "What is human knowledge?" Animal behavior is put out here earlier. Consider the principles of the Renaissance as one type
of consideration axiomatically; any person who extends comment of geodetic, the opposing principles of the Venetian Party as an
on human behavior from the behavior of animal types, such as the opposing type of geodetic, and the actual course of the internal
late Professor B.F. Skinner, is a blundering incompetent or a history of the recent six centuries of European civilization as a third
dangerous quack.298 Human knowledge is that process of type of geodetic.
development which distinguishes the human species absolutely from The case of Klein's frauds illustrates the scope of the
all types of beasts. The physical-economic, demographic history of "brainwashing" of institutionalized science by rendering obeisance
mankind is the starting-point for the study of knowledge; that to an axiomatically empiricist form of argument typified by what is
history is defined as the comparison of (changes) increases of often identified as "generally accepted classroom mathematics."
potential relative population-density with implicitly axiomatic- Klein's relevance to the case of Bertrand Russell is essentially that
revolutionary changes in ways of thinking, from sets of ideas with Klein's moral corruption typifies the environment which rendered
relatively lower cardinality, to those with relatively higher. The truth possible the toleration of an influence as patently evil as Bertrand
lies not within any term of that series, but rather in the principle of Russell efficiently has remained to date, live or deceased.
change which orders the succession to ever-relatively higher Thus, science itself has been a victim of British colonial
cardinality. methods.
That notion of change, termed by Plato the principle of Remember! How did the "Venetian Party" of Britain build
hypothesis, is what the Venetians have banned. The attempt to its empire?
restrict thought to sense-objects, and to ban thought-objects from First, came gun-boats, muskets, and Venetian-style
scientific work, is the essence of empiricism, and the essence of a diplomacy—which of the three weapons is more despicable,
principle of evil. Thus, Galileo's method is an embodiment of evil; remains uncertain, though the evidence tends to suggest the latter.
the insistence upon substituting infinite series for a principle of Thus, the people are subjugated, more or less in the fashion one
discovery (hypothesis), is the most common reflection of the herds wild animals into a corral.
influence of evil institutionalized within academic and related life Then, comes the business of taming the captive herd.
over the course of the recent five centuries. That is the evil within Forceful restraint is still obligatory. Those captives tending to
Klein's fallacy of composition respecting π. The connections rebelliousness must be detected, and either eliminated or reduced to
indicated are key to understanding the evil embodied by Bertrand a moral condition of old jello. The flock must be bred, to evoke in
Russell. the cultivated descendants the desired attributes of milkiness,
From the standpoint of the science of physical economy, 299 meatiness, and docility. In this way, the captive breed is brought
the generalized geodetic required by Riemann's discovery, is not as into a state of self-government, in which the ruling bureaucracy is
Einstein mistakenly imagined: universal physical space-time is more savagely British than the Brutish Empire itself. At that latter
bounded externally, not by some conjecturable "fence" around the point in the dumbing-down process, come the "winds of change,"
universe, but transfinitely, as Cantor understood that Plato's notion and the captives are entrusted with the duties of fettering themselves
of the Good bounds the Becoming, as hypothesizing the higher at night, or whatever else the I.M.F. or the London financial market
hypothesis is so bounded by that One which subsumes the Many- suggests.
ness of all hypothesizing. The generalized geodetic required is the So, it was with the Venetian Party's taming of science. The
characteristic of efficient human activity within the universe. From insistence upon the methods of Galileo, Descartes, Newton,
the standpoint of the universe, the only truly efficient expression of Helmholtz, John Von Neumann, Norbert Wiener, and Russell has
human activity is that successive rise to relatively higher orders of turned the leaders of science into an irrationalist pagan priesthood,
cardinality of knowledge which is representable by a corresponding tyrannizing those who teach in classrooms, spewing their obiter
series of axiomatic-revolutionary discoveries. dicta through sewer-pipes such as Nature and Science. So, for the
That geodetic defines the true curvature of our universe, purposes of dumbing-down the captive herds still further, the "New
because it reveals the laws of the universe as that One which Math" was introduced during the late 1950's and 1960's. So, today,
corresponds, as an externally bounding principle of universal to transform the children of once-civilized people into disgustingly
change, to man's successfully increasing mastery of the universe in rutting Yahoos, the imperial bureaucracy of the United Nations' one-
 34
world dictatorship introduced to the U.S. schools "Outcome-Based living in a manifold in which direction is determined in accord with
Education," well designed to transform a human being into a dumb the position in the stream of history in which one is located at a
cow. particular moment, a direction which could not be the same if one
So, the time has come, when the London Venetian Party were in a different position within that stream, a result which would
has put on its World Federalist mask. The time has come to cull the not be the same had the action transpired in a different position.
dumbed-down human herd "by methods which are disgusting, even Alas, we live on a planet peopled largely with Don
if they are necessary." Evil Russell; poor, duped Felix Klein! Quixotes and Sancho Panzas. Most persons dwell either in the mists
of some academic or related sort of ideological fantasy, like
3. The Coming of Age of Humanity Cervantes' Don Quixote, or they are so busy with their personal
pleasures and family affairs that "I have no time to waste on
We have now reached the point at which to set forth history." The Don Quixote is willing to govern society, but governs
summarily the conclusions which we propose ought to be reached it madly. The more numerous Sancho Panzas cannot rule society,
through the types of evidence which have been sampled in our because they cannot even govern themselves. Until we can bring
presentation of the foregoing, lapsed-time portrait of recent history. mankind into the Age of Reason, which we might wish were the
We might have chosen to title this summary "Of Coming Age of Humanity, history will be shaped in actuality, not by
Principalities and Powers." The past six centuries, taken in the the wills of masses of humanity, but by the mere handfuls who, for
context of the two thousand years preceding the Fifteenth-Century purposes of good or evil, steer the fate of mankind generally as
Renaissance, illustrate the point that history is shaped by ideas. herds of cows are steered to and from the pasture—and,
These are ideas which shape the rise and fall of entire civilizations, occasionally, also to the slaughter-house.
entire cultures, over period of not less than centuries. This shows us The Age of Reason signifies a world in which the typical
how impotent and ineffectual men and women are whenever they individual is no longer a Don Quixote or Sancho Panza, but rather a
limit their exertions to matters of flesh-and-blood, practical social person who is efficiently conscious of the proper role of the brief
relations over such relatively insignificant intervals of time and mortal moment of the individual's mind in shaping the millennial
place, as the span of a generation or two within some local area of spans of human history: national, regional, planetary, and
this planet. interstellar. This Age of Reason will be no utopia, no perfectly
Only as we act efficiently in steering, altering and designed order of things; by the very nature of things, such a goal
developing those ideas which shape a half-millennium or so of could never be attained. The very idea of a utopia—any utopia—
history, either throughout this planet, or in a large region of it, do we always has, and always will do no better than to drive the credulous
have any willfully significant effect upon the fate of nations, of into lunacy. It will simply be an Age in which most adult persons
entire civilizations. The paradigm for this fact is the past six- understand that history is ruled not by flesh and blood, but by
centuries' history of what we call physical science. The kind of principalities and powers, powers whose existence is typified by the
conscious and efficient influence which an individual person might recent six-centuries' struggle between Good and Evil in the domain
have on the outcome of an entire period of history, is typified by the of development of physical science. It will be an Age in which most
individual who relives those moments of the past, which correspond adult individuals recognize that the meaning of life is to be found in
to axiomatic-revolutionary types of scientific discoveries, and who participating in shaping those ideas which, in turn, shape history
reacts to that by correcting those discoveries, and bequeathing so an over the span of not fewer centuries. It will be an Age in which
improved body of science to future generations. adults generally recognize the nature of the human species, as in the
In the case of so-called physical science, one can willfully image of God—by virtue of physically efficient, valid axiomatic-
shape the history of science efficiently according to one's intention; revolutionary creativity in ideas. It will be an Age in which most
the key is to master consciousness of the principles governing valid adults act according to that knowledge.
axiomatic-revolutionary types of discoveries, as we have indicated What do we do in the meanwhile, given the prevalence of
above. That requires mastery of Plato's method of hypothesis; no Don Quixotes, Sancho Panzas, and even worse? How do we get
alternative method for this purpose is yet known to exist. through the present mess? The proper answer to that is as ancient as
All of the bodies of ideas which shape history over the span Plato: the so-called "philosopher kings." The "philosopher king" is a
of centuries are analogous to the case for the ideas of physical person who has accepted Miguel Cervantes' plea to the poor
science. The individual person participates efficiently in shaping wretches of Sixteenth-Century Spain, that he or she rise above being
willfully the outcome of his own existence only to the degree he or a Don Quixote, or Sancho Panza.
she participates consciously, efficiently in mastering those qualities The professor would say, "That is a good question." Only a
of history-shaping ideas. few of us are likely to participate in the Age of Reason; most
One cannot learn the principles which shape history from citizens, even in the nations which are relatively best off, will
only the facts of the immediate social relations personally remain Don Quixotes or Sancho Panzas. Not only would they fail to
experienced within the span of a single person's lifetime. Many have become "philosopher kings," they would, for the most part, reject
proposed to premise alleged principles upon just that limited rather angrily any demand that they cease being Don Quixotes, or
experience; inevitably, what they propose always turns out to be Sancho Panzas. Most nations will remain for the present moment as
utopian rubbish, or worse. Lazare Carnot found France at the moment Carnot accepted what
Such misconstrued "experiments" are justly put into the appeared to be the "lost cause" position of organizing France's
same class as "flat-earth" dogmas generally; they are the delusions defense against all-conquering enemy invaders. That is to say, there
of persons who imagine themselves to be dwelling in a universe of is no nation on this planet qualified to enter directly into an Age of
"zero curvature": they do not wish to recognize that they have been Reason earlier than several generations yet to come. We must be
experiencing history of a certain "non-zero curvature," have been content to seek nothing more ambitious than a modest intermediate
 35
condition, a condition fairly described as the Age of Survival. Footnotes
The best we can desire from the present moment of all
1. See David Riesman, The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American
humanity's great peril, is that we have leaders in whom the people
Character, in collaboration with Reuel Denney and Nathan Glazer (New Haven: Yale
place their trust, and who are morally qualified to be such leaders. University Press, 1950); see also Robert Staughton Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd,
The people generally will continue to seek simple things, the Middletown: A Study in American Culture (1929) (New York: Harcourt Brace,
possibility of immediate survival for their families, personal 1956). back
freedom, and the expectation of the development, and security, of
2. Pietro Pomponazzi (1462-1525), the gnostic teacher of Averroës' Aristotelianism
their posterity: those simple, but just possessions whose existence is famous for having demonstrated that a consistent philosopher of his teaching has no
now increasingly in jeopardy throughout the entirety of this planet. soul. Major work, De Immortalitate Animae (On the Immortality of Souls) (Bologna:
The people will find survival as a crowd of confused persons would 1516). See Martin L. Pine, Pietro Pomponazzi: Radical Philosopher of the
Renaissance (Padova: Editrice Antenore, 1986); see also Studi su Pietro Pomponazzi,
find escape from a burning building; they will seek escape from the
ed. by B. Nardi (Florence, 1965). back
intolerable under the guidance of qualified leaders whom they have
chosen as worthy of their trust. 3. See Philo ("Judaeus") of Alexandria, "On The Account of the World's Creation
The Age of Survival is one in which the people have such Given by Moses," in Philo: Vol. I, trans. by F.H. Colson and G.H. Whitaker, Loeb
Classical Library No. 226 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981), sec.
qualified leaders, and in which the citizens have enough sense to
XXIII, pp. 55-57. For Cusanus on the intellect as "a living similitude of God," see
have chosen them. Those people will recognize such leaders chiefly "On the Filiation of God," in Toward a New Council of Florence: 'On the Peace of
by three qualities: (1) That the prospective leaders have a record of Faith' and Other Works of Nicolaus of Cusa, trans. by William F. Wertz, Jr.
success in forecasting the effects of a few crucial policy-choices. (2) (Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1993), p. 188. Cusanus refers to capax Dei and
imago Dei in "On the Vision of God," in Nicholas of Cusa's Dialectical Mysticism,
That the prospective leaders do not shilly-shally in face of pressures
trans. by Jasper Hopkins (Minneapolis: The Arthur J. Banning Press, 1985), p. 127.
of "political correctness." (3) That the prospective leaders have In this location, Cusanus writes that man is "capable of receiving" God and that "the
recognized, and have earned murderous hatred from, those powerful capability which conduces to union is only likeness." back
forces who are—today—behind the traditions of such "Venetian
4. Aug. 6, 1945. Claude Eatherly, the pilot of the reconaissance plane on the "Enola
Party" figures as Bertrand Russell.
Gay" mission, was never able to adjust to civilian life; in 1962 he wrote (with
Five-and-a-half centuries after the Council of Florence, Gunther Anders) Burning Conscience (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1962).
Venice and its outgrowth, the "Venetian Party," has come to Robert Lewis, the co-pilot of the "Enola Gay," later said: "If I live a hundred years,
dominate not only the financial institutions of the world, and most I'll never quite get these few minutes out of my mind." [Quoted in Robert Rhodes,
The Making of the Atomic Bomb (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986).] When the
of the political ones, but also dominates the institutions of science,
U.S. Army Air Force General Carl Spaatz took over as commander of Strategic
arts, and education generally. Under this reign, the world has been Forces, Pacific and was briefed on the atomic bomb mission—which would officially
brought to the verge of a general collapse of an apocalyptic quality take place under his new command—he insisted, "If I'm going to kill 100,000 people,
like that of the Fourteenth Century, but much worse. Time is I'm not going to do it on verbal orders. I want a piece of paper." [Gordon Thomas and
Max Morgan Witts, Enola Gay (New York: Pocket Books, 1977), p. 244.] back
running out rapidly.
There are three foreseeable alternatives for the next several 5. The recently deceased Max Corvo, then OSS field chief for Italy, represented the
years before us. Either we reverse the Venetian rule, or the Venetian U.S. in the mediation supplied through the Vatican by the late Pope Paul VI (then,
faction will establish the kind of global, one-world dictatorship Cardinal Montini). A massive operation by British agents, including London assets,
such as the OSS's Allen Dulles and James Jesus Angleton, worked to discredit the
which the proposal for the U.N.O.'s Cairo population conference
Vatican as a way of neutralizing the evidence of the hoax behind the bombing of
portends, or, the failure of both efforts results in a planetary chaos Hiroshima and Nagasaki. back
far worse than that of Fourteenth-Century Europe.
The people will survive that peril before us in but one way: 6. Bertrand Russell, in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Nos. 5 and 6, Sept. 1,
1946, p. 19. back
By mobilizing themselves against those forces of Evil—those
"principalities and powers"—merely typified by the case of the late 7. Russell writes: "It is entirely clear that there is only one way in which great wars
Bertrand Russell. If the people are to survive, they will recognize can be permanently prevented, and that is the establishment of an international
that adversary to be such rather soon. There is little time to waste if government with a monopoly of serious armed force. ... An international government,
if it is to be able to preserve peace, must have the only atomic bombs, the only plant
they are to survive; it is already very late. When they do react so,
for producing them, the only air force, the only battleships, and generally whatever is
they will be disposed to choose appropriate leaders. Our task is to necessary to make it irresistible. ... The international authority must have a monopoly
ensure that they find enough of them. of uranium, and of whatever other raw material may hereafter be found suitable for
Note: The researches of the author and his associates into the manufacture of atomic bombs. It must have a large army of inspectors who must
have the right to enter any factory without notice; any attempt to interfere with them
the following and related material on the Venetians involves dozens
or to obstruct their work must be treated as a casus belli. ... [T]he international
of persons over the recent two decades, in some cases longer. All of government ... will have to decide all disputes between different nations, and will
the conceptual analysis of the relationship among the work of the have to possess the right to revise treaties. It will have to be bound by its constitution
Venetian Aristotelians and European science and theology is the to intervene by force of arms against any nation that refuses to submit to the
arbitration. Given its monopoly of armed force, such intervention will be seldom
author's original work. The documentation of the historical details
necessary and quickly successful. ... back
and documentation added to the author's files on the Venetians
themselves was done principally by Classical scholars and others 8. For a history of Pugwash, see J. Rotblat, Scientists in the Quest for Peace, A
literate in Italian and Latin over much of these past twenty years. History of the Pugwash Conferences (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1972), p.
2.back
Since the documentation is so dense, we have elected to note the
documentation only in the instance it has direct bearing upon the 9. Professor Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1834-1907), discoverer of the famous
mainstream of the argument in progress, and is not commonplace Periodic Law of chemistry, and teacher of the founder of the Soviet nuclear weapon,
documentation of the history of Venice and its agents given in other Academician Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945). By the beginning of the
Twentieth Century, the addition of the Curies' discovery of nuclear radiation to the
published locations.
implications of Mendeleyev's Periodic Law had established the notion of nuclear
energy as a source of power. Cf. Frederick Soddy, The Interpretation of Radium and
 36
the Structure of the Atom (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1922), based upon Ost," Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte, Heft 3, 1958. back
lectures first given in 1908. See also H.G. Wells' Acknowledgement to the Soddy
work, and the incorporation of the idea of nuclear weapons into Wells' pre-1939 23. Ibid., p. 317ff. back
fiction, in his The World Set Free (London: Macmillan, 1914). For a review of Wells'
activities, see Carol White, The New Dark Ages Conspiracy (New York: New 24. See Webster G. Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin, George Bush: The Unauthorized
Benjamin Franklin House, 1980), pps. 11, 172-174, 183 back Biography (Washington, D.C.: Executive Intelligence Review, 1992), pp. 26-62. back

10. Leo Szilard (1898-1964) Hungarian-born physicist, crony of Russell, and the man 25. Bertrand Russell, The Impact of Science on Society (New York: Simon and
whose real-life address at the 1958 Quebec Pugwash Conference, advocating what Schuster, 1953), pp. 102-104. back
came to be known as "mutually assured destruction," earned him fictional fame as
"Dr. Strangelove" in the 1960's film of the same name. back 26. Quoted in Bertrand Russell, The Future of Science, and Self-Portrait of the
Author (New York: Philosophical Library, 1959), pp. 81-83. back
11. Robert J. Moon (1911-1989), Professor of Physics, University of Chicago, a co-
founder of the Fusion Energy Foundation, assembled the first test pile under the 27. See Ronald Clarke, op. cit., p. 229. back
direction of Professor Enrico Fermi. back
28. Bertrand Russell, The Problem of China (New York: The Century Co., 1922).
12. According to James Hershberg, James B. Conant, Harvard to Hiroshima and the back
Making of the Nuclear Age (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993), p. 137, "Leo
Szilard, Eugen Wigner and Edward Teller saw Albert Einstein and persuaded him to 29. Russell, The Impact of Science, op. cit., pp. 102-103. back
sign a letter to Roosevelt warning of the terrible danger should Hitler get the bomb
first. On October 11, the financier Alexander Sachs [Szilard's patron—ed.] carried 30. See "Lord Palmerston's multicultural human zoo," Executive Intelligence Review,
this warning to FDR ... ." back Vol. 21, No. 16, April 15, 1994, pp. 3-35. This feature contains nine articles on the
above-cited topic, taken from presentations to the Schiller Institute and International
13. Thomas Powers, Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb Caucus of Labor Committees Conference, Feb. 19-20, 1994, Washington, D.C. ,
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1994). back including "Palmerston's London during the 1850's: a tour of the human, multicultural
zoo," by Webster Tarpley; "The Venetian takeover of England: a 200-year project,"
14. Christopher Marlowe, playwright and collaborator of William Shakespeare, by Gerald Rose; "How the Venetian virus infected and took over England," by H.
murdered in 1593, presumably by a representative of the so-called "Venetian Party" Graham Lowry; "The bestial British intelligence of Shelburne and Bentham," by
of Paolo Sarpi et al. His celebrated drama Doctor Faustus, is a dramatic treatment of Jeffrey Steinberg; "America's 'Young America' movement: slaveholders and the B'nai
the ongoing takeover of England by Sarpi's Venetians. back B'rith," by Anton Chaitkin; "Palmerston launches Young Turks to permanently
control Middle East," by Joseph Brewda; "Freud and the Frankfurt School," by
15. On Adorno and the Frankfurt School's influence, see Michael J. Minnicino, "The Michael Minnicino; and "Jim Crow, a cultural weapon in the hands of the
New Dark Age: The Frankfurt School and 'Political Correctness,' " Fidelio, Vol. I, Confederacy," by Dennis Speed. back
No. 1, Winter 1992; see also, Michael J. Minnicino "The Nazi-Communist Roots of
Post-Modernism," Fidelio, Vol. II, No. 2, Summer 1993. back 31. Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the
Problems of Peace 1812-1822 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), passim. back
16. Robert S. McNamara (b. 1916). Dr. Edward Teller emphasized in a famous public
address in Washington, in the Autumn of 1982, that the middle initial "S" in the 32. The Impact of Science on Society, op. cit. back
former Defense Secretary's name, like his opinions and actions during and after that
service, does actually signify "Strange." Teller was referencing the insanity of 33. "Morlochs" appear in Wells' 1895 The Time Machine, when the future human
McNamara's perfervid advocacy of "Mutual and Assured Destruction." back race has split into two different species: the physically beautiful Eloi, and the
monstrous Morlochs. According to Wells' present-day protagonist, "the gradual
17. In acknowledgement of services rendered to the British crown, former U.S. widening of the present merely temporary and social difference between the
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger delivered the featured May 10, 1982 address Capitalist and the Labourer, was the key to the whole situation." The narrator
commemorating the founding of the British foreign intelligence service, by Jeremy explains that the British workers de-evolved into subterranean beasts in strict
Bentham and Lord Shelburne in 1782. On that occasion, Kissinger boasted to British Darwinian fashion. Wells' view of mankind's essential bestiality is also the central
foreign service's Chatham House audience, that he had always taken the side of motif of The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896) and The Invisible Man (1897). back
Britain against the United States in disputes such as those between President Franklin
Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, and illustrated this by reference to his own going 34. Tarpley and Chaitkin, loc. cit. back
behind the backs of Presidents Nixon and Ford while 1973-77 Secretary of State.
Kissinger's career with the British foreign intelligence service began under Professor 35. Recently declassified NSSM-200 defines population control of Third World and
William Yandell Elliot of the Harvard University-based section of Chatham House's other nations a matter of U.S. national-security interest—in the natural resources of
Wilton Park unit, continued under the direction of the London Tavistock Institute, those nations, lest the people eat up those resources before we in the U.S.A. might
and continued with a seconding under the sponsorship of McGeorge Bundy at the require them. See "Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for U.S. Security
New York Council on Foreign Relations. From that seconding to the present time, and Overseas Interests," National Security Study Memorandum 200 (NSSM-200),
Kissinger has served British interests in and out of the Fabian Society's Pugwash Dec. 10, 1974 (unpublished, available in the National Archives, Washington, D.C.).
Conference, pushing Bertrand Russell's long-range scheme to establish the U.N.O. as back
a global world-government tyranny. See footnotes 60 and 87 for excerpts of the
Chatham House speech. back 36. On these Frankfurt School characters, see Michael J. Minnicino, op. cit. back

18. Carol White, The New Dark Ages Conspiracy (New York: New Benjamin 37. For a history of the Kurt Lewin-created National Training Laboratories (NTL),
Franklin House, 1980), pps. 11, 172-174, 183. back see Kurt Back, Beyond Words: The Story of Sensitivity Training and the Encounter
Movement (New York: Russell Sage, 1972); for a more-critical review of Lewin, see
19. See Roland Clarke, The Life of Bertrand Russell (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Richard Freeman, "Rockefeller's Fascist Labor Policies," The Campaigner, Vol. 7,
1976), p. 389. back No. 7, May 1974. Lewin's relations to the National Education Association (NEA) are
described in the pamphlet, "Will You Allow Your Child to Be Spiritually Molested:
20. Bertrand Russell, Prospects of Industrial Civilization (London: George Allen & Get the ADL-NEA Brainwashers Out of the Schools," published by The New
Unwin, 1923). back Federalist, Leesburg, Virginia, August 1993. back

21. Russell, Prospects, ibid., p. 273 back 38. Helga Zepp led a delegation of the LaRouche-founded International Caucus of
Labor Committees to expose these Nazi-like policies during the conference. See
22. See "Stellungnahme und Gedanken zum Generalplan Ost des Reichsführers SS," "Rockefeller Blasted at U.N. Meeting," New Solidarity, Vol. V, No. 42, August 31,
drafted by Erhard Wetzel, head of the department for racial questions in the 1974; see also Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., The Power of Reason: 1988 (Washington,
Reichsostministerium under Alfred Rosenberg, Geheime Reichssache, Dokument Nr. D.C.: Executive Intelligence Review, 1987), p. 289. back
2 (Alliiertes Dokument NG-2325), as quoted in Helmut Heiber, "Der Generalplan
 37
39. See footnote 2. back would be the formation of new species. Here, then, I had at last got a theory by which
to work... ." Quoted in Christopher Ralling, The Voyage of Charles Darwin (New
40. Plato, Parmenides, in Plato: Cratylus, Parmenides, Greater Hippias, Lesser York: Mayflower Books, 1979), p. 169. back
Hippias, trans. by H.N. Fowler, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1926). back 47. Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759). French mathematician and
astronomer; member, Académie des Sciences (1723), introduced Newton's doctrine
41. "Type" is used here in the sense of Georg Cantor's usage of that term. "Type" so of gravitation to France (1731). Reorganized the Berlin Academy of Sciences
employed signifies identifying a number, for example, according to the "generating beginning 1744, serving as president 1746-1759. Public controversy erupted when he
principle" which governs the occurrence of that number within a series. To illustrate presented Leibniz's "principle of least action" as his own in the Recherche de lois du
the point in the simplest way, consider the length of the hypotenuse of a 3,4,5 right movement (1746) and Essai sur cosmologie (1750). His Essai de philosophie morale
triangle. Is that "5" an integer; in other words, is it a member of the set of rational (1749) contains the "hedonstic calculus" adopted by Ortes and later Bentham. back
numbers? Clearly, it is not, since this "5" was known to the Classical Greeks by the
Pythagorean theorem, in which the hypotenuse is an incommensurable, i.e., a 48. Giovanni Botero, Della ragion di stato (1588; Engl. trans., 1606). See the
quadratic number "5.000 ... 0 ...," not the "5" of the series of integers. In mathematics Appendix, "Delle cause della grandezza e magnificenza delle città," for Botero's
generally, for example, we know of more than four species of cardinalities: rational; theory of population. Botero was a figure in the ambiance of the notorious Paolo
algebraic; "non-algebraic," or transcendental; and the Alephs, from Aleph-1, Aleph-2, Sarpi, who had studied with the notorious Aristotelian fanatic Bellarmino. In addition
... . Each of those distinct species of cardinalities represents a distinct generating- to his population theory, Botero is famous for his attacks, in De regia sapienta (1581),
principle, a distinct "Type." The same principle of "Type" also applies to on Niccolò Machiavelli's work. back
comparisons among series of events, or of series of ideas. back
49. For the decrees of Diocletian and other emperors, see Codex Theodosianus:
42. William Petty, Second Earl of Shelburne (1737-1805), Prime Minister of Britain, Theodosiani Libri XVI cum Constitutionibus Sirmondianis, ed. by T. Mommsen
July 1, 1782 to Feb. 24, 1783. As Minister under Rockingham, and then Prime (Berlin: Weidmann, 1962). For an account of the disastrous results of Diocletian's
Minister, Shelburne organized the first, secret peace-treaty with the United States and measures, see Tenney Frank, An Economic History of Rome (Baltimore: Johns
France, making the adoption of Adam Smith's new dogmatic fad, "free trade," a Hopkins, 1927), chap. XXII, "The Beginnings of Serfdom." See also Stephen
conditionality. While Prime Minister, created the British foreign service, with his Williams, Diocletian and the Roman Recovery (New York: Methuen, 1985). back
appointee, Jeremy Bentham, as first head of the British foreign intelligence service.
Emerging as the most powerful man in Britain over the last decades of the Eighteenth 50. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
Century, beginning approximately the time of the accession of George III (1760). (1776), reprinted as The Wealth of Nations, ed. by R.H. Campbell and A.S. Skinner
Chief representative of the British East India Company and Barings bank, the power (London: Oxford University Press, 1979). back
behind William Pitt the Younger (Prime Minister, 1783-1801, 1804-1806). For
special historical reasons, this Shelburne's name is sedulously omitted from textbook 51. Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. I (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1965), chap. XXV, § 4,
varieties of accounts of precisely those leading developments in British history in p. 646. back
which he played a principal role. For this latter reason, he is sometimes confused with
the also powerful Sir William Petty, his grandfather, a leading figure of the 52. Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
Restoration Stuart decades, who lived 1623-1687. In addition to William Pitt the (1789) (New York: Hafner Publishing Co., 1970). back
Younger, and, reputedly also the King himself, the East India Company's Shelburne
owned such notables of the reign of George III as Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, 53. Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, Principia Mathematica (1910)
Edward Gibbon, and Thomas Malthus. It was Shelburne who remodelled Britain to (2nd ed., 1927) (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1968-1973). back
become a global empire, and who stamped Britain's establishment with the radical
mind-set sometimes described, misleadingly, as British Nineteenth-Century 54. No mathematician who understood the significance of the principle of
philosophical radicalism. back "cardinality" in defining transfinite mathematical types would be lured into the
sophomoric blunder of so-called "chaos theory." In any well-ordered institution, the
43. The most famous of the events within the field of philosophy which mark the student's proposal that cardinality must vanish with the appearance of Aleph-0 earns
change from the empiricism of Locke and Walpole's Liberals, to British philosophical the offender an automatic flunking grade for the term. Hence, the appropriateness of
radicalism, is Immanuel Kant's open break with his former mentor, David Hume, as the term "idiot savant" here. back
Kant indicates in his Preface to the first edition of his Critique of Pure Reason, and as
he clarifies the matter within his Prolegomena to a Future Metaphysic. Although John 55. See H.G. Wells, Experiment in Autobiography (1934) (Boston: Little, Brown,
Locke was formally a radical positivist in the construction of his empiricism, as were 1962) for his relationship to Mackinder and Milner. For a discussion of Wells,
Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes before him, Locke tempered his policy with Milner, and Mackinder's joint work with the Fabian Society's "Co-Efficients' Club,"
cautious deference to custom. This respect for custom had later been adopted by see Carol White, op. cit., passim. back
David Hume. In this matter of custom, Immanuel Kant followed Locke and the
relatively younger Hume; Kant's Critique of Practical Reason, especially the 56. For a description of the Conti-Emo-Memmo-Ortes salon, the "conversazione
concluding section, "The Dialectic of Practical Reason," displays Kant's commitment filosofica e felice" which also directed Casanova, see Piero del Negro, "Giammaria
to this policy. At the point that Hume later altered his views on custom, to take a Ortes, il Patriziato e la Politica di Venezia," in Giammaria Ortes: un "filosofo"
more radical view, akin to that of Ortes, Adam Smith, and Bentham, Kant made his veneziano del Settecento (Convegno internazionale di studio promosso dalla
reluctant open break with Hume. More on this development below. The issues of Fondazione Giorgio Cini con la collaborazione della Societá italiana di studi del
Kant's break with Hume defines the singularity separating the old empiricism of secolo XVII di Roma e dell'Universitá degli studi di Venezia, convegno svolto
Locke from the British philosophical radicalism of Shelburne's lackeys, and of the all'idola di San Giorgio Maggiore nei giorni 14 e 16 dicembre 1990) (Firenze: L.S.
Huxley family and Russell later. See footnote 154. back Olschki, 1993), pp. 125-182. For Conti's writings, see Antonio Conti, Scritti filosofici
(Napoli: F. Rossi, 1972) and Conti, Prose e poesie, 2 vols. (Venezia, 1756). For
44. Thomas R. Malthus, An Essay On Population (1798) (New York: E.P. Dutton and Conti's influence on Ortes, see Mauro di Lisa, " 'Chi mi sa dir s'io fingo,'
Co., 1960). back Newtonianesimo e scetticismo in Giammaria Ortes," Giornale critico della filosofia
italiana, LXVII (1988), pp. 221-233. back
45. Giammaria Ortes, Riflessioni sulla popolazione delle nazioni per rapporto
all'economia nazionale (Reflections on the Population of Nations in respect to 57. Giacomo Casanova was officially a paid agent of Venetian intelligence assigned
National Economy) (Venice: 1790). Ortes' economic and related writings are primarily to work against France by his controllers and sponsors, who included
reprinted in Scrittori classici italiani di economia politica, ed. by P. Custodi (Milan: Andrea Memmo of the Conti "conversazione" salon, Francesco II Lorenzo Morosini
G.G. Stefanis, 1803-16). For more on Ortes, see footnotes 56, 85, and 241. back (Procuratore di San Marco), and Senator Matteo Giovanni Bragadin. Casanova's main
patroness in France was Mme. Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, Marquise d'Urfé, the
46. Darwin writes in his autobiography, "In October 1838—that is, fifteen months former mistress of the Duke of Orleans when he was Regent of France. One of
after I had begun my systematic enquiry—I happened to read for amusement Malthus Casanova's agents appears to have been the Cardinal de Bernis, the diplomat who
on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which negotiated Louis XV's Austrian alliance in the diplomatic revolution of 1756. For
everywhere goes on from long-continued observation of the habits of animals and Casanova, see John Masters, Casanova (New York: Bernard Geis, 1969); James
plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations Rives Childs, Casanova: A Biography Based on New Documents (London: Allen and
would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The result of this Unwin, 1961); and Edouard Maynial, Casanova and his Time (London: Chapman and
 38
Hall, 1911). Count Cagliostro, born Giuseppe Balsamo in Sicily, was the prime informed themselves ahead of time about the state of European courts, and learned
mover in the so-called Queen's necklace affair of 1785-86 which involved the what feuds and disorders would be advantageous to their conquests. This valuable
Cardinal Prince of Rohan and others in a scandalous public trial which ruined the knowledge they obtained from Venetian merchants, men like Marco Polo's father. It
reputation of Queen Marie Antoinette and, in the judgment of Napoleon Buonaparte, was thus not without reason that Polo himself was made welcome at the court of
constituted the starting point for the French Revolution of 1789. See François Kublai, and became for a time administrator of the Grand Khan." (p. 105). See also
Ribadeau Dumas, Cagliostro (New York, Orion Press, 1966) and John Hardman, B.H. Liddell Hart, Great Captains Unveiled (London: 1927) for the role of the
Louis XVI (London: Yale University Press, 1993). back Venetians as the "intelligence service of the Mongols." back

58. For Count Giovanni Antonio Capo d'Istria (Capodistria) (1776-1831) at the 67. Barbara Tuchman, A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous Fourteenth Century (New
Congress of Vienna, see C.K. Webster, The Congress of Vienna (London: Oxford York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978). back
University Press, 1919). For his later career, see Wilhelm Schwarz, Die Heilige
Allianz (Stuttgart: 1935) and Alfred Stern, Geschichte Europas seit den Vertraegen 68. For the Crusades, see Sir Stephen Runciman, A History of the Crusades, 3 vols.
von 1815 bis zum Frankfurter Frieden von 1871 (Berlin: W. Hertz, 1894-1924). back (London: Cambridge University Press, 1951-54). See also Jonathan Riley-Smith, The
Crusades: A Short History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987) and Hans
59. G.W. Leibniz, Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe, published by the Preussischen Eberhard Mayer, The Crusades (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988). back
Akademie der Wissenschaften (Darmstadt: O. Reichl, 1923-), Reihe 4, Politische
Schriften, Vol. 1. After his Paris trip and contact with the Académie des Sciences, 69. For Frederick I Barbarossa, see Helmut Hiller, Friedrich Barbarossa und seine
Leibniz made frequent reference to the science and economy of Colbert's France as Zeit (Munich: List, 1977) and Peter Munz, Frederick Barbarossa: a study in medieval
far the most advanced among nations. back politics (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1969). For Frederick II see Stupor Mundi:
zur Geschichte Friedrichs II von Hohenstaufen (Darmstadt: 1992) and Georgina
60. Henry A. Kissinger, "Reflections on a Partnership: British and American Masson, Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: A Life (New York, Octagon Books, 1973).
Attitudes to Postwar Foreign Policy," speech delivered at the Royal Institute of back
International Affairs, Chatham House, London, May 10, 1982 (unpublished, available
from the Cener for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C.). Kissinger 70. The Venetians manipulated the wars of the Lombard League against Frederick I
reviewed the unbridgeable philosophical differences between the United States and (battle of Legnano, 1176) and the wars of Charles of Anjou against Frederick II and
Great Britain, saying that on these points he sided with the British policy outlook. his heirs (battle of Benevento, 1266). Venice was also instrumental in unleashing the
"British [World War II and post-war] policy drew upon two centuries of experience Hundred Years' War (1339-1453) between England and France which was started by
with the European balance of power, America on two centuries of rejecting it... . Venice's ally King Edward III of England. For the "Babylonian captivity" of the
Britain has rarely proclaimed moral absolutes or rested her faith in the ultimate Papacy in Avignon, see Guillaume Mollat, The Popes at Avignon (1305-1378) (New
efficacy of technology... . Philosophically, she remains Hobbesian... . American York: Harper and Row, 1965) and Yves Renouard, Avignon Papacy, 1305-1403
foreign policy is the product of a very different tradition. ... We had created a nation (London: Faber, 1970). back
consciously dedicated to 'self-evident' truths, and it was taken for granted in most
American public discourse that our participation ... in the world could be guided 71. "Classical tragedy" should be read here in the sense of Aeschylus' Prometheus,
exclusively by moral precepts." Later, Kissinger complained bitterly that "Americans and in terms of the principles of tragedy as set forth by Friedrich Schiller. For
from Franklin Roosevelt onward believed that the United States, with its Schiller on tragedy, see "On the Use of Chorus in Tragedy," Fidelio, Vol. II, No. 1,
'revolutionary' heritage, was the natural ally of peoples struggling against Spring 1993, pp. 60-64. See also "Über den Grund des Vergnügens an tragischen
colonialism; we could win the allegiance of these new nations by opposing and Gegenstäden" ("On the Reasons We Take Pleasure in Tragic Subjects") and "Über
occasionally undermining our European allies in the areas of their colonial die tragische Kunst" ("On Tragic Art") in Friedrich von Schiller, Sämtliche Werke in
dominance. Churchill, of course, resisted these American pressures." See footnotes Sechs Bänden (Stuttgart: Phaidon Verlag, 1984), vol. 5, pp. 127-162. See also "On
17 and 87. back the Pathetic" and "On the Sublime," in Friedrich Schiller, Poet of Freedom, Vol. III,
ed. by William F. Wertz, Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1990). For
61. Although the institutions of that Renaissance were established formally in the Friedrich Schiller on the role of the punctum saliens in tragedy, see, e.g., the
ecumenical victory for the circles of Nicolaus of Cusa and the future Pius II at that "Introduction" to his History of the Revolt of the United Netherlands Against Spanish
Council of Florence, in a.d.: 1440, that event was the outcome of a process of rebirth Rule, in Friedrich Schiller, Poet of Freedom, Vol. III, ibid., pp. 177-191. back
which had been begun, chiefly by the followers of Dante Alighieri, such as Petrarca
at Avignon, during the preceding century. Consider the period from the collapse of 72. Even if but for approximately thirteen years, until the Ottoman sack of a betrayed
the Venetian debt-bubble, in the middle of the Fourteenth Century, to the Constantinople in a.d.: 1453. back
Renaissance Council of Florence, as a period of transition from the old to the verge of
the new; in that sense, Modern History begins with the transition from the pre-1439 73. See Helga Zepp-LaRouche, "Nicolaus of Cusa and the Council of Florence,"
conciliar meetings, including Constance, to the Renaissance Council of Florence. Fidelio, Vol. I, No. 2, Spring 1992, pp. 17-22 (Address to the Schiller Institute
back conference commemorating the 550th anniversary of the Council of Florence, Rome,
May 5, 1989), for her presentation of the proofs supplied to the Council by Nicolaus
62. According to historians, the Venetians earned deep hatred from their Greek of Cusa from Greek documents Cusa gathered during his visit to Byzantium. back
victims in the course of Venice's 1645-1699 wars of conquest against the vulnerable
fringes of that decaying Osmanian dynasty which the Venetians themselves had 74. The two principal writings to be consulted for understanding the conception of
helped to conquer Constantinople in a.d.: 1453. From the Fourth Crusade onwards, the modern nation-state republic under natural law are Dante Alighieri, De
looting of the tortured remains of the Byzantine Empire, whether under Paleologue, Monarchia [trans. by Herbert W. Schneider as On World-Government (Indianapolis:
Osman, or for the purposes of the Fourth Crusade, was a recurring Venetian swindle. Bobbs-Merrill, 1957)] and Nicolaus of Cusa, Concordantia Catholica [trans. by Paul
In the course of its invasion and occupation of the Peloponnesus, the Venetian E. Sigmund as The Catholic Concordance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
occupying force's explosives transformed the Athens Parthenon into a ruin. back 1992)]. back

63. Capodistria, after serving Venice's diplomatic/intelligence services in Russia and 75. On the founding of modern science, the key works are by Nicolaus of Cusa: De
Switzerland, ended his life serving as British-approved governor of the nominally Docta Ignorantia (On Learned Ignorance) (1440) [trans. by Jasper Hopkins as
liberated regions of Greece. back Nicolaus of Cusa on Learned Ignorance (Minneapolis: Arthur M. Banning Press,
1985)]. back
64. See footnote 49. back
76. In formalist's terms, this is analogous to the effect of an axiomatic-revolutionary
65. For Enrico Dandolo and the Fourth Crusade, see John Julius Norwich, A History change within the set of axioms and postulates defining the generating principle
of Venice (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), p. 122ff. Cf. Frederick C. Lane, which subsumes a specific type of formal theorem-lattice. One such change in axiom
Venice: A Maritime Republic (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973). (or, postulate) revolutionizes the generating principle, to such effect that no
back apparently similar theorem of the implicit new lattice has any actual congruence with
any possible theorem of the old. back
66. Miriam Beard in her History of the Business Man (New York: Macmillan, 1938)
writes: "... when Genghis Khan ruled from Korea to Persia, the Mongols were 77. When Isidore of Kiev, who had been the Russian delegate to the Council of
extending their colossal empire westward. ... At every stage, the Mongol generals Florence, attempted to proclaim the unity of Christendom in Moscow, he was lucky
 39
to escape alive from the fury of Grand Prince Vasily the Blind. For Isidore's story as
told in the Second Sophia Chronicle, The Tale of Isidore's Council, and Selections 87. Op. cit. Kissinger told the 1982 Chatham House audience: "The British were so
from the Holy Writings against the Latins and the tale about the composition of the matter-of-factly helpful that they became a participant in internal American
Eighth Latin Council, see EIR Special Report: Global Showdown (Washington, D.C.: deliberations, to a degree probably never before practiced between sovereign nations.
Executive Intelligence Review, 1985), pp. 87-89. For an Orthodox account, see Ivan In my period in office, the British played a seminal part in certain American bilateral
Ostroumoff, The History of the Council of Florence (Boston: Holy Transfiguration negotiations with the Soviet Union—indeed, they helped draft the key document. In
Monastery, 1971), pp. 182-184. Approximately thirteen years after the Council, my White House incarnation then, I kept the British Foreign Office better informed
Constantinople fell to the Ottoman conquest. Scholarius assisted the Ottomans by and more closely engaged than I did the American State Department ... ." back
mobilizing the Greeks not to rally to the defense of Constantinople. In reward for this
treasonous service to his Greek countrymen, the Ottomans took time from sharing up 88. Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1946). back
the remains of the conquered Greece with Venice, to appoint Scholarius the religious
representative for all of the non-Muslim population of the Ottoman Empire. back 89. For documentation on the World War II origins of the Hollinger Corporation as a
British foreign-intelligence operation run under private cover by the Churchill-
78. For the League of Cambrai, see Felix Gilbert, The Pope, His Banker, and Venice Beaverbrook apparatus, see Assault on the Presidency!, published by the Committee
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980). See also John Julius Norwich, A to Reverse the Accelerating Global Economic and Strategic Crisis: A LaRouche
History of Venice (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), pp. 390-433. back Exploratory Committee, Leesburg, Virginia, April 1994. back

79. For analysis and bibliography on Sarpi, the Giovani, and England, see Webster G. 90. The leading allusion here is to the argument of Philo of Alexandria in his On the
Tarpley, "The Role of the Venetian Oligarchy in the Reformation, the Counter- Creation, op. cit. God's universe is not premised upon a set of mechanical laws, fixed
Reformation, Enlightenment, and Thirty Years' War," The New Federalist,, Vol. VII, for all eternity. The universe is governed, rather, by a lawful principle of continuing
No. 14, April 12, 1993, pp. 6-7; and "The Venetian Conspiracy," Campaigner, Vol. creation. Cf. William F. Wertz, Jr. on the subject of Nicolaus of Cusa's De visione
14, No. 6, Sept. 1981, pp. 23-46. back Dei: "Nicolaus of Cusa and The Concept of Negentropy," Fidelio, Vol. II, No. 4,
Winter 1993. Creation, that power which casts man in the image of God the Creator,
80. See Gaetano Cozzi, Paolo Sarpi fra Venezia e l'Europa (Torino: Einaudi, 1978) is typified—in Cantor's sense of "type"—for man's knowledge of this principle, by a
and Enrico De Mas, Sovranitá politica e unitá cristiana nel seicento anglo-veneto valid axiomatic-revolutionary form of discovery of a scientific principle of
(Ravenna: Longo, 1975). See also William J. Bouwsma, Venice and the Defense of nature.back
Republican Liberty (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968).back
91. Since the demolition of the Babylonian Empire (under the Achaemenid dynasty)
81. As a matter of population-control applied to their own ranks, in the last two by Alexander, the ally of the Academy of Athens, the eastern Mediterranean became
centuries of Venice's political independence, the time came that her oligarchy Hellenized, and remained predominantly so until the takeover of the remains of the
imposed increasingly strict celibacy upon a growing majority of its progeny. By the decayed Byzantine Empire by the forces of the Osmanian dynasty and the
late Seventeenth Century, a typical Venetian oligarch travelling abroad, was, if not an Mamelukes. It was thus so in the time of Jesus Christ's ministry. The highest form of
abbot, a monk with vows in more or less perpetual abeyance—like Ortes. This style the Hellenic language of thought at that time was not the effectively extinct spoken
was associated with a proliferation of homosexuality among male and female Hebrew language, but rather the Greek of Plato's Academy at Athens. Christianity
members of the Venetian oligarchy, a city which rivalled Biblical Sodom and was understood generally in the language of the Platonic Greek of the Disciple John
Gomorrah on such accounts. The spread of this Venetian oligarchical bachelor style, and Apostle Paul, for example, until Plato was banned by later Byzantine emperors.
is often a marker for Venetian moral affiliations, which was clearly the case for Aristotle was introduced into the Venice-dominated western Mediterranean through
Bacon and such kookish cronies of his as Hobbes, Elias Ashmole, et al. back such Iberian gnostics as Moses Maimonides (1135-1204)

82. The dates are approximate. Crucial respecting 1688 is the disintegration of the (Note: Author LaRouche does not support this characterization of Moses
reign of England's James II, which left Venice no option but to proceed with the Maimonides. This footnote was inserted by then EIR editor, Nora Hamerman, who
deploying of its asset William of Orange into London. Crucial respecting 1818 is the soon broke with LaRouche over related issues. Enemies of LaRouche took control of
full unmasking of the tyrannical character of the Metternich Holy Alliance. back EIR and related publications shortly after his fraudulent imprisonment in January
1989. A rabid convert to Buckley family-style Carlist gnosticism, anti-semite
83. Lord Edmund Fitzmaurice, Life of William, Earl of Shelburne (London: Oxford Fernando Quijano was the leader of the clique, controlled by LaRouche's intelligence
University Press, 1907) p. 73. back community adversaries. Quijano tendered his resignation from EIR to LaRouche on
learning that LaRouche was being released from imprisonment. Editor Hamerman
84. As noted above, this singular change within the doctrine of empiricism is the and her husband announced their break shortly after a September 1994 conference, at
issue which prompted Kant's open break with his former mentor, David Hume. back which their policy was defeated. Other "stay-behind" agents of the same pro-Carlist
dispositions left at later times)
85. For Ortes, see the Cini Foundation symposium cited above under footnote 56. See
also Gianfranco Torcellan, Settecento Veneto ed altri scritti storici (Torino: and Ibn Rushd (Averroës) (1126-1198) during the Twelfth Century, in the effort to
Giapichelli, 1969). For Ortes' shorter writings, see Giammaria Ortes: Calcolo sopra la weaken both Judaism and Christianity. The Aristotle of Averroës was revived at
veritá dell'istoria e altri scritti, ed. by Bartolo Anglani (Genoa: Costa and Nolan, Padua under the Venetian Pietro Pomponazzi as part of Venice's efforts to undermine
1984). For Ortes' economic writings, see Della economia nazionale (Milano: and destroy the anti-usury forces of the Renaissance. The alleged authority of
Marzorati, 1971). Ortes' economic and related writings are reprinted in Scrittori Aristotle's putative authorship of the pro-slavery, pro-usury (Nicomachean) Ethics
classici italiani di economia politica, ed. by P. Custodi (Milan: G.G. Stefanis, 1803- and Politics, was employed as apology for those and related practices of the Venice-
16). See also Webster G. Tarpley, "Giammaria Ortes and the Venetian Hoax of centered oligarchical forces. back
Carrying Capacity," The New Federalist, Vol. VIII, No. 22, June 20, 1994, pp. 6-9.
For Conti, see footnote 56. back 92. The site of Delphi was originally consecrated to a pair of pagan deities, Gaia and
Python, of the Shakti-Siva, Isis-Osiris, and Cybele-Dionysus model, typical of cults
86. The Thule Society, and its later offshoot, the aristocratic Allgemeine SS, were based on a moon-goddess who is also both Earth-mother goddess and patron deity of
creations of princely forces from within the Fürstentum of the Twentieth-Century witchcraft and prostitution. Python is a serpent, belonging to the same pagan
carry-forward of the Holy Roman Empire. This covered, in area, a large portion of paradigm as the semitic Satan. From the East a new factor was introduced, the hybrid
the princely and related aristocratic families of the regions from Istria and northern deity Apollo-Python, or, alternatively, Apollo-Dionysus. More on this Apollo-
Italy, northward into the circles of the Bavaria monarchy. These, otherwise typified Dionysus cult in the European oligarchical tradition at relevant locations below. back
by the renegade Benedictine Abbot who early met young Hitler, had been the backers
of Giuseppe Mazzini's British bomber, composer Richard Wagner, created Adolf 93. On the contrast with imperial law, see Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte,
Hitler, and passed Hitler on to the nominally Protestant, also Venetian-controlled Die Geburtsstunde des souveränen Staates (Regensburg: Druck und Verlag Josef
circles of the Vril Society. As a sovereign state, Venice disappeared into the Habbel, 1952). On the principle of the modern nation-state republic, compare Dante
outhouses of the Nineteenth Century; as a network of interdependent financial and Alighieri's De Monarchia, op. cit. with Nicolaus of Cusa's Concordantia Catholica,
political potencies, Venice continues very much alive, as a parasite within numerous op. cit. back
institutions, to the present day. There is thus a continuity between the evil Ortes and
the modern expression of this Venetian evil, the Club of Rome, and the proponents of 94. See Nicolaus of Cusa, De Docta Ignorantia, op. cit. Consider also the
the Cairo Population Conference. back unprecedented explosion of fundamental scientific and technological progress during
 40
the Fifteenth Century, from Filippo Brunelleschi through Luca Pacioli and Leonardo principle" of self-similar forms of change as defining a "type," is derived from
da Vinci. back Plato"s conception of change. Cantor emphasizes this explicit connection in his
comparisons of Plato's Becoming to his own Transfinite, and Plato"s Good to his own
95. Op. cit. back Absolute.

96. The qualification "near to its zenith" reflects inclusively the fact that in 1261 108. On the Howards' role in the divorce of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, see
Michael Paleologue had overthrown the Venetians' Latin empire. back Betty Behrens, "A Note on Henry VIII"s Divorce Project of 1514," Bulletin of the
Bolton Institute of Historical Research, Vol. II, 1934, pp. 163-4; and David Cherry,
97. The Humboldt brothers' project in Rome, at the beginning of the Nineteenth "Venice and England"s Break with Rome: A Cold Coup Shaping 500 Years of World
Century, demonstrated that Italian, while heavily doused with Latin loan-words over Empire," unpublished, Leesburg, Virginia, 1992. For the Venetian role in Anne
the more than two thousand years since the subjugation of the Italians by the Romans, Boleyn"s seduction of Henry VIII, see Huth, Christina Nelson, "The Life and Death
was an independent language which had co-existed with Latin, rather than being a of Saint Thomas More," The New Federalist, Vol. 3, No. 14 & 15, March
derivative of Latin. This announcement by the Humboldts and their circles of 24 & March 31, 1989.
philologists was met by an explosion of rage from those whose concerns sprang from
motives other than passion for truth. See footnote 223. back 109. The marker for the character of France"s Restoration monarchy is the expulsion
of Gaspard Monge and his educational program, to replace the leadership of the
98. This author constructed a project, defining the conditions of speech required to world"s most advanced science, Monge and Lazare Carnot, with the neo-Newtonian
represent known states of mind by language. A team of Italian scholars compared this scoundrels, Abbot Moigno"s LaPlace and Cauchy. Thus, French science survived in
table of requirements for a literate form of language with the Commedia; all of the Germany under the patronage of Alexander von Humboldt and his brother Wilhelm.
conditions were satisfied. back From 1827, through the First World War, the world leadership in science was in the
Humboldts" Germany. British agent Louis Napoleon Buonaparte ("Napoleon III")
99. Leonardo's contributions to military technology are summarized in The Unknown was a British foreign-intelligence service agent who was brought to power in France,
Leonardo, ed. by Ladislao Reti (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), esp. Ludwig H. first as President and then Emperor, by Britain"s Lord Palmerston; Palmerston
Heydenreich, "The Military Architect," pp. 136-189, and Bern Dibner, "Machines protégé "Napoleon the Little"s" policy was always to
and Weaponry," pp. 190-215. See also footnote 198. back maintain France as a junior partner of the British Empire, even to the point of
establishing a junior French colonial empire as a junior partner of the big British
100. Machiavelli's analysis of the superiority of a "well-ordered militia" based on an colonial empire. Ironically, Palmerston lost his position as Prime Minister, and was
educated republican citizenry can be found in his Art of War, Book I (New York: downgraded to Foreign Minister, as a result of bringing Napoleon III to power.
Macmillan, 1975), and in his Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius, Queen Victoria, who did not always understand the devious methods required to
Book I (New York: Viking Penguin, 1984), chap. 4. For an appreciation of these bring her to the British imperial throne, was upset that her minister would replace a
ideas, see Michael J. Minnicino, "The Need for Virtù in Today's Politics," New monarch, even a French one, with a mere plebeian such as Napoleon Buonaparte"s
Solidarity, Vol. VIII, No. 40, July 19, 1977; and Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., "A nephew.
Machiavellian Solution for Israel," Campaigner, Vol. 11, No. 2, March 1978. back
110. For analysis and bibliography on Sarpi, the Giovani, and England, see Webster
101. The already referenced Doctor Faustus is one of the truly great tragedies, a G. Tarpley, "The Role of the Venetian Oligarchy in the Reformation, the Counter-
composition whose prose parody by Goethe does not reach up morally or Reformation, Enlightenment, and Thirty Years" War," The New Federalist,, Vol. VII,
intellectually to the original. back No. 14, April 12, 1993, pp. 6-7; and "The Venetian Conspiracy," Campaigner, Vol.
14, No. 6, Sept. 1981, pp. 23-46.
102. Although Cervantes also composed for the stage, his great Classical tragedy, on
the Classical Greek model of Aeschylus and others, is in prose form, as Don Quixote. 111. Francesco Zorzi (Giorgi), De Harmonia Mundi (1525). Zorzi, a friar from a
back famous and powerful Venetian noble family, wrote this book, which was based
largely on the Kabbala, as an explicit attack on the De Docta Ignorantia of Nicolaus
103. See William F. Wertz, Jr., "On the Brotherhood of the Common Life," Fidelio, of Cusa. Zorzi became influential in Henry VIII"s court after writing a brief in
Vol. III, No. 2, Summer 1994. On the Schiller and Humboldt reforms in education, support of poor-fish Henry"s desire to divorce his aging Hapsburg wife and thus clear
see Helga Zepp-LaRouche, "Die Modernität des Humboldtschen Bildungsideals," the way for bedding the Howards" bait, the temptress Anne. Zorzi remained in
Ibykus, Vol. II, No. SUPPLY, 1981. See also Wilhelm von Humboldt, "Preliminary England from 1531 until his death in 1540. Zorzi"s work is of particular significance
Thoughts on the Plan for the Establishment of the Municipal School System in for his introducing the pseudo-scientific dogma argued later as empiricism by Francis
Lithuania" and "School Plan for Königsberg," which are summarized by Marianna Bacon, and laying the doctrinal basis in the Kabbala for the Rosicrucian Freemasonic
Wertz, in "Wilhelm von Humboldt's Classical Education Curriculum," The New cults of Robert Fludd and Elias Ashmole, et al. See footnote 239.
Federalist, Vol. VII, No. 10, March 15, 1993, p. 8; see also Wilhelm von Humboldt,
Humanist Without Portfolio: An Anthology of the Writings of Wilhelm von 112. See the following section.
Humboldt, trans. by Marianne Cowan (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1963).
Humboldt's reform program was directly influenced by his long association with 113. On Mazarin, see Anne-Marie Cabrini, Mazarin: Aventure et Politique (Paris:
Friedrich Schiller. See "On Schiller and the Course of His Spiritual Development," by Editeur A. Bonne, 1962).
Wilhelm von Humboldt, and Schiller's "What Is, and To What End Do We Study,
Universal History?" in Friedrich Schiller, Poet of Freedom, Vol. II, ed. by William F. 114. On Colbert, see Lettres, instructions et mémoires de Colbert, 8
Wertz, Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1988). See footnote 223. back vols., ed. by Pierre Clément, (Paris: 1861-82) (Nandeln: Kraus Reprint,
1979).
104. On this point, see the author's references to the implications of the most famous
among Raphael's (Raffaello Sanzio's) murals of the Stanze della Segnatura, the 115. England and the later "triple alliance," conducted war against France from 1666-
School of Athens. "The Truth About Temporal Eternity," Fidelio, Vol. III, No. 2, 1668; then the Dutch war of 1672-1678, in which England was a secret ally of
Summer 1994. See "III. The Education of Creativity"; also, the treatment of history as Netherlands; the Palatine War of 1689-1697; the "War of the Spanish Succession"
history of ideas, pp. 13-15, 25-30. back (1701-1714); etc. See H. Graham Lowry, How The Nation Was Won: America"s
Untold Story, Vol. I (Washington, D.C.: Exectuive Intelligence Review, 1987), pp.
105. Plato, Parmenides, in Plato: Cratylus, Parmenides, Greater Hippias, Lesser 59-233, on English events of 1701-1714 as seen from the English colonies in North
Hippias, trans. by H.N. Fowler, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge: Harvard America.
University Press, 1926).
116. Edmund Fitzmaurice, op. cit. Shelburne assigned British East India Company
106. Therein lies the intent, by him and also among today"s typical mass-media employee Adam Smith to prepare the research outline for what became Edward
personalities, to perpetrate sophistries, falsehoods euphemistically described as the Gibbon"s The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
mass-media"s "fourth estate" right to "spin," which is "spin" for "to lie recklessly in
the most outrageous extreme." 117. Ibid.

107. Plato, Parmenides, op. cit., Steph. p. 156c-e. Plato's notion of "change" is that of 118. Anton Chaitkin, Treason in America: From Aaron Burr to Averell Harriman,
Heraclitus before him. Georg Cantor's derivation of the notion of a "generating 2nd ed. (New York: New Benjamin Franklin Publishing House, 1985). See also
 41
footnote 30. 126. See the author"s series of Fidelio articles on the principles of metaphor: "On the
Subject of Metaphor," Vol. I, No. 2, Fall 1992; "Mozart"s 1782-1786 Revolution in
119. The quasi-official 1982-83 back-channel discussion, between this author and the Music," Vol. I, No. 4, Winter 1992; "On the Subject of God," Vol. II, No. 1, Spring
Soviet government, of what became known as the Strategic Defense Initiative, 1993; "History As Science," Vol. II, No. 3, Fall 1993; "The Truth About Temporal
already stirred up some ominous foretaste of the explosion which was to erupt from Eternity," Vol. III, No. 2, Summer 1994.
Moscow and its friends in London and within the U.S. intelligence establishment
from the time President Ronald Reagan delivered the March 23, 1983 announcement. 127. See "The Truth About Temporal Eternity," ibid., for a treatment of the proof of
During this entire period, but especially from about 1985 onwards, there were what this point. This definition of "idea" corresponds to Plato"s "idea" (eidos). In formal
appeared then as some very surprising sympathizers, from high-level Western terms, any such scientific discovery, or equivalent form of idea, overturns at least one
intelligence quarters, of the Soviet system"s prolongation. Bronfman"s Anti- among the set of axioms and postulates upon which a pre-existing mathematical
Defamation League and World Jewish Congress worked very closely with the Soviet physics is premised. Thus, every such discovery of principle has an axiomatic-
KGB and East German agencies, for example, even beyond the last weeks of 1989. revolutionary effect, requiring an entirely new formal theorem-lattice to supersede the
Prime Minister Thatcher and her Conor Cruise O"Brien and Nicholas Ridley old. Thus, all of the actions subsumed by a new such discovery of principle are
expressed the policy of her government in denouncing West Germany as imminently commonly members of a single type, as all placental mammals differ as a type from
a Fourth Reich, as part of her effort to prop up the Soviet system. The fear was each and all marsupials. With apologies to biologists, it is admissible to understand
geopolitical: that Germany might take the lead in integrating the East Bloc Plato to signify by eidos "species," or, better mathematics, "type."
economies, more or less intact, into the West, thus strengthening, rather than
destroying, the system of sovereign nation-states and technological progress. 128. See "On LaRouche"s Discovery," Fidelio, Vol. III, No. 1, Spring 1994.
Thatcher and Bush were determined to have destruction of the economies of all of the
former Soviet sector, using methods such as those of George Soros and proteages 129. Johannes Kepler, De Nive Sexangula (On the Six-Cornered Snowflake), trans.
such as Harvard"s Professor Jeffrey Sachs, which is what they succeeded in doing. In by Colin Hardie (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966; reprinted by 21st Century Science
this way, by destroying the agricultural and industrial economies of the East, the & Technology, 1991). The Latin title contains a relevant transliteral play
downhill slide of the economies of the West was accelerated. upon the words "snowflake" and "nothing." Kepler, official court astronomer to the
Emperor, is presenting one of the most important discoveries in science, illustrated by
120. European history dates from the emergence of the Greeks from the "dark age" of the case of the snowflake"s topology, as a "gift of nothing." As we proceed with the
illiteracy, or, by rule of thumb, from the composition of the Iliad and Odyssey. In examination of Russell"s fallacy, the reader should come to recognize why Kepler is
such a period of European history, the crucial issue is the menacing role of Babylon laughing so merrily. We hope the reader, once he sees the point of the joke, will join
and Tyre (Canaan), as distinct from the friendlier relationship to the principal the old master in the merriment.
adversary of Babylon and Canaan, the Egypt known to Solon, or the Cyrenaica of the
time of Plato and Alexander the Great. The pivotal events emerge at about 599 b.c.: , 130. Kurt Godel, "Uber formal Unentscheidbare Saumlze der Principia mathematica
with the Babylonian suppression of the revolt of the Ionian city-states, and the und verwandter Systeme I" ("On formally undecidable propositions of Principia
coincidental constitutional reforms of Solon at Athens. On related premises, Friedrich mathematica and related systems I," (1931) in Kurt Godel: Collected Works, Vol. I:
Schiller"s famous lecture at Jena traces all modern European history from the conflict Publications 1929-1936, ed. by Solomon Pfeferman et al. (New York: Oxford
between the legal systems of Solon"s reforms at Athens, versus the oligarchical University Press, 1990), pp. 144-199.
systems of Lycurgus" Spartan slave-society. The war between the Council of
Florence and the oligarchists of Venice is a modern re-enactment of the conflict 131. See Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Monadology, trans. by George Montgomery
between Plato"s Academy and Babylon, between the legal systems of Solon and (LaSalle: Open Court Publishing Co., 1989).
Lycurgus, and between Plato and the oligarchist Aristotle.
132. To grasp the essentials of the relevant three works of Georg Cantor, these are to
121. Laurence Hecht, "The Coming (or Present) Ice Age," 21st Science & be examined from the standpoints of Plato, Leibniz, Dirichlet, Riemann, and
Technology, Vol. 6, No. 4, Winter 1993-1994. Weierstrass. The most relevant Cantor works are: Grundlagen: über
unendliche lineare Punktmannigfaltigkeiten (1882-1883); "Mitteilungen zur Lehre
122. Since we know, on physical-economic grounds, that the archaeologists" so- vom Transfiniten" (1886-1888); and Beiträge zur Begründung
called "riparian" urbanizing cultures could not have sprung autochthonously from der transfiniten Mengenlehre (1897), in Georg Cantors Gesammelte Abhandlungen,
"hunting and gathering" inland, the retreat of the glaciation of the Northern ed. by Ernst Zermelo (Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 1962). See footnote 149.
Hemisphere, from about 18,000 b.c.: , into the Second Millennium b.c.: must have
buried much of the record of pre-ancient history under very many fathoms of water 133. In speaking of "Russell"s contributions," one must cast a wary glimpse out of
and silt. On grounds of energy-throughput of nutrient at various levels of technology the corner of one"s eye at the protesting figure of Russell"s senior in the Apostles,
of cultures, the development of agriculture to the level represented by riparian and ostensible co-author, Alfred North Whitehead. Without attempting to settle the
cultures, such as Egypt, could not have occurred autochthonously except through the dispute between the two of them here, it is necessary to state that to anyone who has
development of quasi-maritime coastal settlements based upon pursuit of the fish of studied Russell"s work, Whitehead"s accusations are plausible ones. Nonetheless, the
the estuaries and seas. These would be precisely the types of archaeological sites point here is that we are considering those views for whose application Russell did
presently buried under many fathoms of the accumulations which have occurred assume responsibility in practice.
during the recent 20,000 years.
134. Uber die Hypothesesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen (On the
123. We are presently but a few thousand years from an astrophysically determined Hypotheses Which Underlie Geometry), in Collected Works of Bernhard Riemann,
growth of glaciation. See Hecht, op. cit. ed. by Heinrich Weber (New York: Dover Publications, 1953), pp. 272-287. For a
passable English translation of the text, see the Henry S. White translation, "On The
124. "Classical tragedy" should be read here in the sense of Aeschylus" Prometheus, Hypotheses Which Lie at the Foundations of Geometry," in David Eugene Smith, A
and in terms of the principles of tragedy as set forth by Friedrich Schiller. For Source Book in Mathematics (New York: Dover Publications, 1959), pp. 411-425.
Schiller on tragedy, see "On the Use of Chorus in Tragedy," Fidelio, Vol. II, No. 1, Place the emphasis upon "III. Anwendung auf den Raum," in the Weber (pp. 283-
Spring 1993, pp. 60-64. See also "Über den Grund des Vergnügens an tragischen 286) ("III. Application to Space," pp. 422-425 of the Smith).
Gegenstäden" ("On the Reasons We Take Pleasure in Tragic Subjects") and "Über
die tragische Kunst" ("On Tragic Art") in Friedrich von Schiller, Sämtliche Werke in 135. Smith, ibid., pp. 423-425. (Weber, pp. 284-286).
Sechs Bänden (Stuttgart: Phaidon Verlag, 1984), vol. 5, pp. 127-162. See also "On
the Pathetic" and "On the Sublime," in Friedrich Schiller, Poet of Freedom, Vol. III, 136. "Es fu:hrt dies himber in das Gebiet einer andern Wissenschaft, in das Gebiet
ed. by William F. Wertz, Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1990). For der Physik, welches wohl die Natur der heutigen Veranlassung nicht zu betreten
Friedrich Schiller on the role of the punctum saliens in tragedy, see, e.g., the erlaubt." Weber, op. cit., p. 286.
"Introduction" to his History of the Revolt of the United Netherlands Against Spanish
Rule, in Friedrich Schiller, Poet of Freedom, Vol. III, ibid., pp. 177-191. 137. See Bertrand Russell, An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry (1897) (New
York: Dover Publications, 1956); A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz
125. Were the radical "environmentalists" to have their way, the population of this (1900) (London: Allen and Unwin, 1967); "On Some Difficulties in the Theory of
planet would soon collapse to that level, or, more likely, the human species would Transfinite Numbers and Order Types," Proc. London Math. Soc. 4, 29-53, 1907;
become extinct in the holocaust of disease brought about by such a biological shock. Principia Mathematica, op. cit. Russell"s attacks on Riemann et al. are discussed in
Carol White, op. cit., chap. 6, esp. pp. 206-217.
 42
great influence during the Eighteenth Century and first two-thirds of the Nineteenth
138. John Von Neumann and Oscar Morgenstern, The Theory of Games and Century. For example, it appeared as a central feature within Alexander Hamilton"s
Economic Behavior, 3rd ed. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1953). "American System of political-economy," was the basis for the economics of
Also, see work referenced, p. 1, note 1: John Von Neumann, "Zur Theorie der France"s Ecole Polytechnique during 1794-1814 under Gaspard Monge, and was the
Gesellschaftsspiele," Math. Ann. 100, 1928, pp. 295-320. Von Neumann made the policy of the Nineteenth-Century U.S. Whig Party and the Lincoln Republicans, in
public claim, prior to World War II, that economic processes could be reduced to addition to the founder of the modern German economy, Friedrich List. However,
solutions for systems of simultaneous linear inequalities. This led to his close under the influence of the Versailles Treaty and post-World War II financial system,
collaboration with fellow-positivist and marginal utilitarian Oscar Morgenstern in knowledge of economic science vanished from the university campus, government,
producing the wartime first edition (1943) of this work. This work contributed a key and industrial management. This branch of science was revived by the present author,
part to the post-war emergence of ivory-tower "operations research" kookery of the based on new 1952 discoveries in this field.
sort associated with Tjalling Koopmans et al. of the Operations Research Society.
The work of both contributing authors is pure Giammaria Ortes, and also pure Jeremy 151. I.e., circular construction is the method required; one can reach circular action
Bentham "hedonistic calculus." The mathematical absurdities of Von Neumann are only by way of circular action. The problem arises the instant we commit the blunder
another illustration of the equivalence of these kinds of mathematical ideas and the of abandoning constructive (e.g., "synthetic") geometry for formalist algebra. In the
teachings of radical empiricism in the areas of social sciences and social policy. latter case, there is no true solution for this problem possible. See the discussion of
Felix Klein"s "Famous Problems" hoax, below.
139. Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and
the Machine (New York: John Wiley, 1948); 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 152. E.g., what is later adopted as the "Cartesian" space-time of Galileo, Descartes,
1961). On LaRouche"s work to refute Wiener, see "On LaRouche"s Discovery," op. Newton, et al.
cit.
153. E.g., the principle of universal least action of Gottfried Leibniz and Johann
140. Unendlichkleinen. Weber, op. cit., p. 285. Bernoulli. The root of the notion of a bounded space-time is the case of the Platonic
Solids, a track which leads through the work of the followers of Cusa, Pacioli, and
141. Leibniz, op. cit. Leonardo da Vinci, into explorations into the hypergeometric realm from such
starting-points as C.F. Gauss" study of Kepler"s work on the Pentagramma
142. P.G. Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859). A crucial figure in the Nineteenth-Century Mirificum. See Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., "An Economist"s View of Gauss"
development of natural science. After the final overthrow and exile of Napoleon Pentagramma Mirificum," 21st Century Science & Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2,
Buonaparte, Paris came under the domination of London and Metternich"s Vienna. In Summer 1994. See also C.F. Gauss Werke (Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 1986),
this circumstance, the "Venetian Party" inside France, such as the circles of the neo- vol. III, pp. 481-490; vol. VIII, pp. 106-117.
Newtonians LaPlace and Cauchy, advanced to power, taking over the Ecole
Polytechnique from Gaspard Monge, and ripping out the educational program which 154. The author"s teen-age wrestling with Kant began with his Critique of Pure
had made the Ecole the leading scientific institution of Europe. In this circumstance, Reason, trans. by Norman Kemp Smith (New York: St. Martin"s Press, 1965). The
French science found much-needed friends in Prussia and in the remainder of the series is Prolegomena to a Future Metaphysic, trans. by Paul Carus
Göttingen of Carl Friedrich Gauss. Similarly, Lazare Carnot, France"s (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1977); Critique of Practical Reason,
famous "author of victory" and leading technologist of Europe, found refuge in the trans. by Lewis White Beck (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1956); and
Prussian military academy at Berlin, and Magdeburg. The geniuses of French science Critique of Judgment, trans. by J.H. Bernard (New York: Hafner Press, 1951). This
relied upon their collaborator Alexander von Humboldt to assist them in saving series as a whole has two principal features: (1) The denial of the possibility of
French science from destruction. The famous Crelle"s Journal was representative of intelligible knowledge of a principle of creative reason ("synthetic judgment a
that new relationship. Thus, Dirichlet, while a most gifted student of the number- priori"), the attack upon Leibniz"s Monadology, Theodicy, Leibniz-Clarke
theorist and geometer A.M. Legendre et al. at the Paris Ecole Polytechnique, came Correspondence, etc.; and, (2) a defense of custom against the extremism introduced
under the patronage of Alexander von Humboldt, and emerged as among a gathering in England through the British radical empiricists, including Kant"s former mentor,
of mid-Nineteenth-Century German scientific geniuses in the Golden Age of Berlin David Hume. Formally, Kant appears to have been the founder of the Romantic
University. Riemann became his student there. Later, at the death of Gauss in school in art (Liszt, Berlioz, Richard Wagner, et al.), science, and statecraft generally
Göttingen, Dirichlet was called to succeed him in that chair, and, upon his (e.g., F.K. Savigny and the "intuitionist" school in mathematical physics). The
death in 1859 was succeeded by Riemann. One of the giants of number theory, essence of Kant is that he was a Venetian work-product of the Conti brand, and
famous for what Riemann described as "Dirichlet"s Principle"; a major player in the implicitly the evil existentialist which Schiller suspected, and Heine (Religion and
formal analysis of the continuum paradox. Philosophy in Germany) knew him to be.

143. Nicolaus of Cusa, op. cit. 155. Eratosthenes, an Athenian geometrician, grammarian, and historian of Cyrenaic
extraction (b. during the 126th Olympiad, d. 195 b.c.: : c.80 years), famous for,
144. Plato, Parmenides, loc. cit. among other achievements, estimating both the size of the Earth"s sphere, and the
distance of the moon and sun from the Earth: estimated the perimeter of the Earth
145. See footnote 126 above, for the titles and locations of the members of this series passing through Alexandria and Rome at approximately 24,662 miles. Moved to
on the subject of metaphor. Alexandria, where he became Chief Librarian of the famous library there. He is
otherwise most famous in geometry for his work on the so-called "Delian" problem
146. See "On the Subject of Metaphor," op. cit. of doubling the cube, and in number-theory, for devising a "sieve" used to locate the
succession of prime numbers. The work on this problem later by (most notably)
147. Nicolaus of Cusa, "De circuli quadratura" (1450). For an English translation, see Euler, Legendre, Gauss, Dirichlet, Riemann ["U;ber die Anzahl der Primzahlen unter
"On the Quadrature of the Circle," trans. by W.F. Wertz, Jr., Fidelio, Vol. III, No. 1, einer gegebenen Gro:sse," (1859), in Weber, op. cit., pp. 145-153]. Cantor used this
Spring 1994. work, notably Eratosthenes" "sieve," as a tool for defining the number-theoretical
equivalence of "power" and "cardinality."
148. See "Metaphor," loc. cit.
156. In fact, it was the author"s prior discovery of the physical significance of this
149. Cantor, Beiträge, op. cit., pp. 282-356. The available English- notion of "power" which led him to his 1952 studies in the work of Cantor and of
language reprint is Georg Cantor, Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Riemann. See text, this section, below.
Transfinite Numbers, trans. by Philip E.B. Jourdain (New York: Dover Publications,
1955). A word of caution respecting the Introduction and end-notes in that 157. As White translates Riemann"s Unendlichkleinen.
translation, as supplied by Jourdain circa 1915. None of what Cauchy-apologist
Jourdain represents as corrections of Cantor"s work, such as those allegedly by 158. Take the relatively commonplace misuse of the notion of applicability of the
Russell, is to be considered competent comment upon Cantor today. See footnote Golden Section to living processes. The estimated value of the Golden Section, as an
130: Gödel demolished Russell"s criticisms of Cantor. algebraic root of the calculated ratio of two skew lines, is, obviously an algebraic
number. What then of the disgusting spectacle of attempts to project harmonic
150. The Science of Physical Economy is a branch of physical science founded by orderings of living processes as if the Golden Section were a simple Galileo
Gottfried Leibniz, and developed chiefly by him over the interval 1672-1716. This coefficient of mechanical action, a limit of a Fibonacci Series? Why do so relatively
was the original form of an economic science. Leibniz"s economic science exerted many foolish people fall into what should be such an obvious folly? The folly is the
 43
failure to ask oneself the question: Whence (i.e., "generating principle") did Luca
Pacioli (De Divine Proportione, 1497), Leonardo da Vinci, and Kepler derive their 171. Thus, the present writer was electrified to re-read Riemann"s Hypotheses paper,
notion of the ontological significance of the Golden Section? From the attempted following an intensive study of Cantor"s Beiträge, in 1952.
partition of the interior of a spherical shell, leading to the proof that only five regular
solids can be constructed so. That construction is illustrated by the Kepler-Gauss 172. I.e., the work of Academician Vladimir I. Vernadsky should be seen as an
treatments of the Pentagramma Mirificum (see Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., "An integral part of the further development of the science of physical economy today.
Economist"s View of Gauss" Pentagramma Mirificum," (loc. cit.); this leads into the
domain of hypergeometric functions as elaborated by Gauss and Riemann. See, C.F. 173. Bernhard Riemann "@auber die Fortpflanzung ebener Luftwellen von endlicher
Gauss Werke, loc. cit. This is a line of investigation which begins with our friend Schwingungsweite" (1860), in Weber, op. cit., pp. 157-175. For an English
Kepler, and leads into the most fundamental questions of the mathematics of a translation, see OA "On the Propagation of Plane Air Waves of Finite Amplitude,"
generalized quantum field theory today. The significance which Plato, Pacioli, trans. by Uwe Parpart and Steven Bardwell, International Journal of Fusion Energy,
Leonardo, and Kepler find in the Platonic Solids harmonics is by no means a matter Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 1-23. The publication of that translation was an outgrowth of
of an algebraic ratio. conflicts (over geometric versus algebraic methods) with some leading physicists,
which arose as by-products of those of the author"s 1952 discoveries in physical
159. Not Felix Klein"s fraudulent 1882! See below on Klein et al. Although Cusa"s economy reflected here. In the midst of a quarrel with Lawrence Livermore
formal proof of this was presented in his a.d.: 1450-53 "De Circuli Quadratura," loc. Laboratories, and others, over matters including inertial-confinement fusion, in 1978,
cit., the discovery is already reflected in the 1440 De Docta Ignorantia. this writer asked two collaborators to secure from open Soviet scientific literature
proof that Soviet H-bomb designs had depended upon Riemannian notions of
160. The discussion of these principles of hypothesis is found in the referenced "The isentropic compression. The search was a success; the translation of this Riemann
Truth About Temporal Eternity," op. cit. paper, and certain designs tested by the Osaka Laser Engineering Laboratory, were
included results of those controversy-ridden researches. This is noted here, because it
161. See "Metaphor" series, loc. cit. is relevant to a major point to be made on Russell"s role in science below. See also,
related work-products of such relevant followers of the Riemann hydrodynamics
162. Or, should one say, in the strictest sense, "termerity"? tradition as Ludwig Prandtl and Adolf Busemann. Note also, as of prime relevance
for related matters of the internal history of science, that the pre-1945 German
163. See Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., In Defense of Common Sense (Washington, accomplishments of world-leadership in aerospace depended significantly on the
D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1989); also in LaRouche, The Science of Christian Economy leading role of Italy"s hydrodynamicists working in the field. Into the 1930"s, for
and Other Prison Writings (Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1991). example, Italy"s scientific and related engineering prowess in airframe design was the
best in the world. The key to this was the fact that the leading tradition of Italian
164. For example, for an introduction to outlining such a set of inequalities, see physics from the mid-Nineteenth Century on, was located in the Italian collaborators
Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., So, You Wish To Learn All About Economics? (New of Riemann, around Enrico Betti. The first supersonic wind-tunnel in the world, for
York: New Benjamin Franklin House, 1984). example, was built by these Italian scientists during the mid-1930"s.

165. See G.W. Leibniz, "Society and Economy" (1671), Fidelio, Vol. I, No. 3, Fall 174. To "bound" the characteristic of this discussion in progress here, one should call
1992. attention to the implications of another major work establishing the young Riemann"s
habilitation in German science, his 1854 "Über die Darstellbarkeit einer
166. On differing types of hypothesis, compare the discussion of this matter in "The Function durch eine trigonometrische Reihe," in Weber, op. cit., pp. 227-265. This
Truth About Temporal Eternity," loc. cit., sec. IV, pp. 15-19. can be read usefully as a mathematical survey of the development since the crucial
1697 work on the light-based principle of universal action by Bernoulli and Leibniz.
167. Note that the relevant ideas within Hamilton"s "Manufactures" respecting It is admittedly specialist"s work, but no one addressing the internal history of
"increase of the productive powers of labor" are derived from Leibniz"s design for science should overlook Riemann"s account in this paper.
the Industrial Revolution, done at the French Académie des Sciences and
elsewhere before and shortly after the beginning of the Eighteenth Century. This 175. Gauss" successful demonstration that the asteroid orbits conformed to Kepler"s
includes, notably here, work on the principles governing the relationship between astrophysical case for the necessary former existence of a since-exploded planet in
development of heat-powered machines and rise of per-capita productivity. These this specific orbit, between those of Mars and Jupiter, demonstrated crucially that all
were mediated into the American colonies from various channels, most emphatically of the proposed alternatives to Kepler"s method, such as those of Galileo and
Franklin"s direct intersection, especially between 1763 and 1787, with active Newton, had been shown to be erroneous by this evidence. See Gauss Werke, vols.
continuations of the Europe-wide scientific and political networks formerly VI-VII, passim. Kepler"s uniquely vindicated method for astrophysics, as reflected in
established by Leibniz. As a comparison of the John Locke draft of the constitution of the 1611 Snowflake booklet, is the relevant platform from which to launch a
the Carolinas, and the Preamble of the Constitution of the Confederate States of comprehension of this problem of reciprocity between a bounded universe, on the one
America, with the Preamble to the U.S. Federal Constitution of 1787-1789 shows, the side, and the matters of harmonic ordering (quantum field theory) and the continuum
American Revolution and founding of the U.S. Federal Republic were outgrowths of paradox on the other.
the victory of the ideas of natural law promulgated by Leibniz over the empiricism of
John Locke. These political influences from Europe were intermeshed with those 176. Executive Intelligence Review News Service, Inc. (EIRNS), 333@c4
ideas of science, technology, and political-economy which figures such as Franklin Pennsylvania Ave., S.E., Washington, D.C. 20003. The newsweekly Executive
conveyed from Leibniz"s heritage in Europe into North America. Intelligence Review was founded in 1974. It was developed in conjunction with an
international news service, which converted into a commercial vehicle those
168. The use of the term "productivity" here should not be confused with the specialized news-intelligence functions which produced the work-product featured in
monetarist"s use of the term "productivity" as synonymous with "rate of usury": i.e., EIR and other publications using this service. The publication"s authority was
the ratio of monetary profit to money wages. Statistically, "productivity" is defined as derived initially from this writer"s exceptional success in forecasting, during the
follows. As measured in physical units of market-basket consumption, the 1960"s, the virtual inevitability and probable policy-sequelae of the 1967-1972
consumption-level must rise per capita, per household, and per square kilometer. succession of crises leading into the breakdown of the original Bretton Woods
(Compare Leibniz on the subject of real wages and productivity, in "Society and monetary system. During December 1978, this present writer designed a computer-
Economy," op. cit.) In these terms, that consumption must increase in correlation based quarterly forecasting system, using chiefly U.S. Value-Added data, which
with an increase of the "free-energy ratio" as we have described that immediately began publishing its regular quarterly forecasts in EIR magazine during the interval
above. The satisfaction of that constraint reflects an increase of physical productivity. January 1980-October 1983; those latter forecasts were the only reliable forecasts
issued publicly by any agency during that time. At the end of 1983, this writer
169. This was the "model," applied circa 1950-1951, which impelled the author to advised EIR to discontinue the forecast, because of the wildly erratic fraud which the
plunge into Cantor"s 1897 contributions. U.S. government and Federal Reserve System were employing for what might be
termed charitably "cosmetic purposes." He recommended that a new forecasting base
170. I.e., investments in improved technology in a capital-intensive, energy-intensive be constructed on the basis of physical data, rather than Value-Added ones. The
mode. See U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, "Report to the U.S. publication of the 1986 textbook, So, You Wish to Learn All About Economics?, was
Congress on the Subject of Manufactures" (1791), in Nancy B. Spannaus and a by-product of elaborating the specifications for constructing the data-base for the
Christopher White, The Political Economy of the American Revolution (New York: new forecasting system to supersede use of official (increasingly fraudulent and
Campaigner Publications, 1977), pp. 375-442, passim. arbitrarily cooked) Value-Added data. What is described summarily here, are part of
 44
the current specifications for implementation of that EDP application. Orwellian Doublespeak.

177. Astronomical charts for various localities of the planet at various times past are 188. All of these modernist varieties of economist are intrinsically fascists. Fascism is
extremely handy for the routine kitchen-work of the economic historian. (It is the no more than an attempted throw-back to Caesarism under modern circumstances.
quickest way to be certain that Claudius Ptolemy was essentially a hoaxster.) Who The model Roman economist is thus Illyria resident Diocletian, the man who split the
does not work with ancient and medieval economic history will overlook some of the Roman Empire into two parts and passed the remains to his heir Constantine. It was
most important differences which distinguish the present from the past. the "Malthusian," or often so-called "socialist" decrees of Diocletian, which are the
specific precedent for all Twentieth-Century fascism. Notably, the effect of these
178. "If one wished to be fancy," as the saying goes, one would use the astronomical decrees was to accelerate the rate of collapse of the Empire as a whole, leaving the
model included among the graphics as the calendar and clock for all other studies more civilized, less depopulated sector, the Greek-speaking region, to rot away over
included in the work. As we shift toward more and more space-exploration and the ensuing centuries, in an overall constantly descending spiral of decadence and
colonization, even in the advanced-planning phases, we should begin to think in such attrition. There are many precedents for fascism in modern European history, notably
sidereal terms. the British system of colonial rule, and all the other petty and more virulent tyrannies
which esteemed the Roman Empire as their model. The comparison to the
179. No secondary pupil in any part of the world should graduate without knowing characteristic, regressive economic features of Diocletian"s decree is the reference to
the highlights of Gauss" scientific biography, including his development of statistical be made in examining liberal and post-liberal varieties of economic dogma today.
methods for observations in the successive domains of astronomy, geodesy, and
Earth-magnetism. By comparing Gauss" standard for this work with the previous Part III Footnotes
highest standard, that of France"s Ecole Militaire and of the Ecole Polytechnique
under Monge, Legendre, et al., the student acquires a sense of the difference between 190. The Roman killing of Archimedes in 212 b.c.: , and the more rapid
reality and observation which he or she will carry to great benefit throughout life, in encroachments of decadence within the eastern Hellenic culture during the following
whatever occupation, or simple functions of a citizen they are subsequently situated. century, set off the referenced, preceding two centuries of rise of Hellenism (to gain
In no place, does this challenge present itself more plainly than in the effort to allot and hold its power in the region) as exceptional in quality.
available statistical data-arrays to the grid-cells of a scheme of the sort being outlined
here. 191. Gaspard Monge, founder of the Ecole Polytechnique of 1794-1814, and his one-
time student and collaborator Lazare Carnot, were products of the pre-Revolution
180. On August 13, 1946, Public Law 725 went into effect, titled, "Hospital Survey Oratorian Order in France, a teaching institution which intersected the Colbert-
and Construction Act," otherwise known as the "Hill-Burton Act" after its two chief founded Académie des Sciences (where Huyghens and Leibniz once
sponsors, Senators Lister Hill (D-Al) and Harold Burton (R-Ohio). Hill-Burton collaborated) and the military school. Thus, although Aristotelian fanatics (e.g.,
authorized grants to the states for surveying the adequacy of their hospitals and public Venetian factions) more or less effectively destroyed the Brotherhood of the
health centers, and for planning construction of additional facilities. The law, which Common Life during the course of the Sixteenth Century, its influence persisted in
was extended many times over through the early 1960"s, through Congressional other ways. See W.F. Wertz, "On The Brotherhood of the Common Life," op. cit.
amendments, can be found in the public laws volume for the 79th Congress, 2nd
session, Chapter 958. Lengthy excerpts appear in the Executive Intelligence Review 192. The introduction of the mind-destroying "new math," at the close of the 1950"s
article, "Why U.S. health care must return to the Hill-Burton standard," by Donald and early 1960"s, brings into a more extreme form a longer-term tendency toward
MacNay, Marcia Merry, and the EIR Economics staff, Executive Intelligence crippling talented minds during their adolescence by means of placing priority upon
Review, Vol. 21, No. 30, July 29, 1994, pp. 6-13. The 1970"s marked the end of Hill- algebraic methods in establishing the mental habits of mathematical thinking, and
Burton-standard health-care facilities throughout the U.S., and the beginning of the also of scientific thinking generally.
marked decline in facilities, staff, and treatment programs per thousands of
population. In 1974 in New York City, for example, under the austerity measures 193. The Thirteen Books of Euclid"s Elements, trans. by Thomas L. Heath (1925)
adopted by the Municipal Assistance Corporation ("Big MAC") run by Lazard (New York: Dover Publications, 1956).
Fréres banker Felix Rohatyn, community hospitals were penalized by
New York State, which withheld reimbursement for indigent cases, if the hospitals" 194. Adrien Marie Legendre, Eléments de géométrie (1794)
bed-use level fell below a new government-mandated level of 75-85%. This drove (Paris: Firmin Didot fréres, 1857); Engl. trans. by David Brewster as
many hospitals into bankruptcy. In addition, "Big MAC"-style decrees eliminated Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry (New York: Gallagher and White, 1830).
thousands of specialty-care beds for the mentally ill; the patients were turned out into This was the work written by Legendre to define the program of education in
the streets. geometry used by the newly founded Ecole Polytechnique of Monge.

181. Before the effects of the later 1960"s "paradigm-shift" to a "post-industrial" 195. Jacob Steiner"s Gesammelte Werke, 2 vols., ed. by Karl Weierstrass (1882)
matrix. (Bronx, New York: Chelsea, 1971). Steiner is the "father" of a refined form of
constructive geometry known as "synthetic geometry." Bernhard Riemann, who
182. Physicians, nurses, other specialists, etc., hospital beds, outpatient facilities, studied Steiner"s program in systematic constructive (i.e., "synthetic") geometry
public health services, etc., with respect to efficient access to and by population under Steiner himself, emphasized to Enrico Betti that education in science should be
served per 100,000 persons. Compare this combined capacity of the governmental premised upon a mastery of Steiner"s work.
and "voluntary" elements of personnel and facilities with the forecast of relevant
disease, trauma, etc. and derived estimates of care requirements for the coming short- 196. The cases of Gauss, Bolyai, and Lobachevski are adequately represented in
term (one year), medium-term (five years), and long-term (ten to twenty-five years). either Gauss" writings, or references to this connection. For a general guide to the
Return to the physician-patient relationship of past medical-ethics fame, instead of C.F. Gauss Werke, op. cit., see W.H. Buehler, Gauss, A Biographical Study (New
the recent trend of malpractice by government and insurance companies, which York: Springer, 1981). On Gauss" relations to Bolyai and his work on Lobachevski,
ignores the needs of the patient, and substitutes the assignment of the physician to see also Carl Friedrich Gauss, Der "Fürst der Mathematiker" in Briefen und
deliver aliquot services on schedule to the type of legalized disease prescribed for Gesprächen, ed. by Kurt-R. Biermann (Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck, 1990
authorized ministrations. [(@cW) Urania Verlag, Leipzig]), with Introduction (Einfuehrung) by Professor
Biermann. On Bolyai, see Einfuehrung (Introduction), p. 12 (Wolfgang, father) and p.
183. Cf. Morris Levitt, "Linearity and Entropy: Ludwig Boltzmann and the Second 27 (John, son), and Nicolai I. Lobachevski; see also Letters to Christian L. Gerling
Law of Thermodynamics," Fusion Energy Foundation Newsletter, September 1976, #96, #137, and to Wolfgang (Farkas) #99. On Lobachevski, see also Letter #137. On
pp. 3-18. both Bolyai and Lobachevski, see also C.F. Gauss Werke, op. cit. "Briefwechsel mit
Gerling," Letters #337, #338, pp. 666-668.
184. Loc. cit.
197. Op. cit.
185. Loc. cit.
198. See, e.g., The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, 2 vols., ed. by Jean Paul Richter
186. The Nazi Gleichschaltung is fairly translated as equivalent to today"s "political (1883) (New York: Dover Publications, 1970). Vol. I contains all of Leonardo"s
correctness." entries on the principles of perspective, light and mathematics, light and shade, and
all topic areas related to drawing and painting proper. Vol. II contains all applications
187. Even the language which these ideologues apply to themselves is unabashedly of these principles to nature and the sciences (astronomy, anatomy, geography, etc.)
 45
and the constructive arts (architecture, design, mechanical and military appliances, Riemann"s famous Hypothesen dissertation. The ontological key to the connection
music, etc.). can be discovered only from the humanist standpoint addressed here: the principle of
change represented by the intervals. One must think always of tones in their place in
199. E.g., The Six-Cornered Snowflake, op. cit. the C=256 musical continuum, but we must also be conscious, thereafter, that it is the
interval "lying between the notes" which is the ontologically primary event (change)
200. The apparent exceptions to the rule, on closer examination, merely prove the upon which heard music is premised. For example, after Haydn"s revolutionary Opus
rule as cited. 33, No. 3 quartet, the subsequent event with the greatest impact upon music- up to
and into Beethoven"s compositions from Opus 102 onward- is Mozart"s discovery,
201. This cited example is one of the most crucial to be presented to the student in a through van Swieten"s regular Sunday salon, of the six-part Ricercare from J.S.
mandatory introduction to mathematical physics on the secondary level. The student Bach"s Musical Offering. The proliferation of Mozart"s compositions, and then of
would begin from the Cusa proof of the transcendental character of @gp, and proceed Beethoven and other successors, based directly upon Mozart"s combining of Haydn"s
through Roberval"s and Huyghens" treatment of the cycloid. Convenient references discovery with Bach"s, is the central event of all Classical forms of musical
are: (Roberval) Evelyn Walker, A Study of the "Traite des indivisibles," (New York: composition from 1783 through Brahms" "Four Serious Songs." From Mozart"s
Teachers College, 1932) (available in libraries), with relevant excerpts provided by discovery, and Beethoven"s own, frequent, pre-Opus 102 elaboration of it, into such
D.J. Struik, ed., A Source Book in Mathematics, 1200-1800 (Princeton, N.J.: works as his Opus 111 treatment of this, his usually misapprehended Missa Solemnis,
Princeton University Press, 1986). (Huyghens) Christiaan Huygens, The Pendulum and his last quartets, everything depends upon the freshly acquired comprehension of
Clock, or Geometrical Demonstrations Concerning the Motion of Pendula as Applied "composing and performing "between the notes" as primary, which first emerges
to Clocks, trans. by Richard J. Blackwell (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1986); clearly in Bach, and in a more advanced way in post-1781 Mozart. From this
Treatise on Light (1690), trans. by Sylvanus P. Thompson (New York: Dover vantage-point, musical and mathematical creativity are reflections of a common
Publications, 1962). Also in Struik is a translated excerpt from Johann Bernoulli"s mental substance.
announcement of his solution to the brachystochrone problem, under the obvious
Latin title of "Curvatura radii in diaphanis nonuninformibus," Acta Eruditorum, May 212. See Georg Cantors Gesammelte Abhandlungen, op. cit., pp. 204-209
1697. The implication is, that the crucial functional appearance of the cycloid in the ("Anmerkungen des verfassers zu Nr. 5," of Über unendliche lineare
two cases—the pendulum clock and the refraction of light under conditions of Punktmannigfaltigkeiten). Cantor"s view on this matter is to be judged by the
retarded potential for propagation, as shown by Ole Römer and assessed by information that he equates his use of "Transfinite" to Plato"s "Becoming."
Huyghens—requires a change from the space-time of Galileo and Descartes to
that of Cusa, Fermat, et al., the non-algebraic or transcendental domain. 213. Some Aristotelian, or quasi-Aristotelian hard-heads will insist that "This sounds
like Deism to me." So, Pietro Pomponazzi professed that he had no soul, and so
202. Cf. LaRouche, "The Truth About Temporal Eternity," loc. cit. atheist Paolo Sarpi, a sponsor of Galileo"s method and the sponsor of Francis
Bacon"s "Zorzian" British empiricism, professed the non-existence of God. Since the
203. The reader is reminded, that the German translation for this form of "political idea of the existence of God is not possible within a consistent Aristotelian argument,
correctness" is Gleichschaltung. the Aristotelian can provide a place for the existence of God only outside all logic.
This was a crucial, included feature of Philo"s valid argument against the folly of
204. Zorzi (Giorgi), loc. cit. Aristotelianism. The Aristotelian"s "God" is not the God of Moses and Christ, but,
rather of the Delphic pagan apotheosis of Jekyll-Hyde, Apollo-Dionysus. (Since
205. Bacon asserts in the New Organon: "There are and can be only two ways of Aristotle was an agent of the Cult of Apollo, this connection might not surprise us.)
searching into and discovering truth. The one flies from the senses and particulars to Thus, Dionysus Nietzsche deriding Apollo (Aristotelian formalist) Kant for being a
the most general axioms ... . [T]his is now in fashion. The other derives axioms from "mandarin from Königsberg," is Mr. Hyde ridiculing Dr. Jekyll. The satanic
the senses and particulars, rising by a gradual and unbroken ascent, so that it arrives Nazi, Martin Heidegger of the ultra-leftist school of Horkheimer, Adorno, and
at the most general axioms last of all. This is the true way, but as yet untried." Arendt, is therefore a consistent Tübingen University Aristotelian when he
Aphorism XIX, in The New Organon and Related Writings, ed. by Fulton H. makes room for the release of his infantile, Dionysiac inneren Schweinhunds from
Anderson (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1960), p. 43. between the cracks of the Aristotelian formalist"s latticework of logicism.

206. Sir Isaac Newton"s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and His 214. Get the picture! Visualize the situation. This high priest, Moses, walks freely
System of the World, revised trans. by Florian Cajori (Berkeley: University of into Pharaoh"s presence (Exodus 7). On the first visit, Aaron throws a snake into the
California Press, 1960), General Scholium, p. 547. presence of mighty Pharaoh. The next day, they return to Pharaoh"s presence, retrieve
the snake, and threaten to turn the waters of Egypt into blood. Next visit (Exodus 8),
207. Kant, loc. cit., passim. a pestilence of frogs. Next visit lice ... flies ... boils ... more pestilence ... thunder,
hail, and fire ... locusts ... . Imagine some priest had prophesied one-one-hundredth as
208. Among "New Age" varieties of psychologists and sociologists, Sigmund Freud much as any one of these (say a couple of days of acne) to the recently self-
popularized the term "cathexis" for this. The U.N.O."s mind-destroying "educational proclaimed U.S. Pharaoh George Bush: does one not know what would have
reform" sometimes promoted under the rubric of "Outcome-Based Education," is happened suddenly to every parishioner of that church! Pharaoh could have told you:
based upon virtually banning all cognitive thought. Out of racists such as the Harvard Moses was powerful.
University circles of Jensen and Shockley comes the dogma that certain "races" are
not naturally inclined to cognitive thought, but only to conditioning of their 215. Cf. "The Truth About Temporal Eternity," loc. cit., passim.
associative-emotional behavior. The New Ager cult-lunacy of "right brain, left brain"
originates in the same pseudo-scientific gobbledygook as these referenced U.N.O. 216. It is sometimes argued, not without grounds, that the motivation is supplied by a
and Harvard developments. sense of one"s mortality. The author would object to that as of no more significance
than a predicate of the actual motive, the latter a motive which is visibly embedded in
209. If itself tending increasingly to the exceptional. the response, a response which reveals an active axiom permeating what it means to
have distinctively human powers of consciousness. It is not the questioner who
210. It is sufficient to note, as a word of caution, that without that mooring in an defines the answer, but the character of he who responds.
orientation toward measurement, examining formal theorem-lattices merely from the
standpoint of Aristotelian logic can lead into insanity. This is a notorious problem 217. The principle of the Good applies only to the case of Classical composition and
among specialists in mathematics from a logical positivist or related standpoint: they its historical antecedents. "Romanticism," like the philosophical empiricism from
do not go mad despite being "good mathematicians"; they go mad because they are which it sprang, is based on a rejection of this principle of truthfulness in composition
all too devoutly trained in that variety of "mathematical thinking"; the more academic and performance. Modernism is radically empiricist on this account.
honors they accrete, the greater the danger, the rarer the survivor of that lately
increasing mental disorder: "Kronecker"s Disease." 218. Some highlights of the author"s own musical experience may be helpful in
fostering recognition of the more general point being illustrated. During the post-war
211. This is perhaps the place to note, specifically, that the same method is key to 1940"s, the author took the factional position, on purely musical-content grounds,
Classical fine arts. The failure of many otherwise gifted and learned musicians to rather than other documentation, that Mozart"s K.475 Fantasy had been intended to
grasp the rudiments of Beethoven"s method of composition, as employed in most be prefixed to Mozart"s K.457 piano sonata. This led immediately to recognition of
exemplary fashion in his late quartets, can be represented as the same form of mental the many compositions by Mozart and Beethoven based upon the same "germ" as the
disorder which impedes comprehension of Georg Cantor"s work on the transfinite, or combined K. 475/457. Why was the author so excited by this, so driven to discover
 46
some higher principle involved? Later, he recognized that Beethoven"s method of scientific role of the Ecole Polytechnique in Napoleon"s Egypt campaign, that is
thorough composition had something to do with the same principle developed by another topic, another heritage, for which one must turn to study of the global
Georg Cantor in mathematics. One of the most exciting moments in his life came strategic policies of Gottfried Leibniz.
more recently, when a friend pointed out the significance of the first movement of
Haydn"s Opus 33, No. 3. This information put the roots of Beethoven"s method of 231. Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., "The coming disintegration of financial markets,"
composition in his last quartets into focus. (See "Mozart"s 1782-1786 Revolution in Executive Intelligence Review, Vol. 21, No. 26, June 24, 1994.
Music," op. cit.) What is the driving force behind such researches, whence the
motive? In these matters it is in the very nature of Classical musical composition, the 232. The United Nations aided the design of Outcome-Based Education (O.B.E.) via
relationship between the performance of the music today and the composing of that the work of Robert Muller, a former deputy secretary who is now Chancellor of the
work a century or more ago. University of Peace, an institution related to both the U.N.O. and the U.N.O.-
connected Lucis Trust (formerly Lucifer Trust). For this and an overview of O.B.E.,
219. The analysis of the astronomical picture to be adduced from these Vedic sources see "Will You Allow Your Child to be Spiritually Molested," op. cit.
was virtually completed during the lifetime of Gauss. These were the sources
referenced by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in his The Orion; Or, Researches into the 233. Aristotle was trained at the center of the teaching of sophistry in Athens at that
Antiquity of the Vedas (1893), 5th ed. (Poona: Shri J.S. Tilak, Tilak Bros., 1972). See time, the School of Rhetoric of Isocrates. This School was a leading philosophical
also, his The Arctic Home in the Vedas, Being Also a New Key to the Interpretation and political adversary of the Academy of Athens. Aristotle was deployed from the
of Many Vedic Texts and Legends (1903) (Poona: Tilak Bros., 1956). School of Rhetoric to infiltrate Plato"s Academy. Aristotle"s writings, not only his
infamously oligarchical Ethics and Politics, but also his so-called scientific works, are
220. Ibid. a thoroughly anti-Socratic expression of the same sophistry promoted by the Delphi
agents of that time, such as the School of Rhetoric.
221. Ibid.
234. As noted in the author"s "History As Science," op. cit., the monetary theorist
222. The French scientist Edouard Biot and the Dutch philologist Gustav Schlegel, John Maynard Keynes was entrusted with the assessment of a chest of Isaac
proved from evidence in the Confucian classics that astronomical science was already Newton"s private scientific papers. Keynes, opening the chest, was shocked to find
highly developed in the Third Millennium b.c.: ; and Schlegel"s research led him to the scribblings of a superstitious lunatic, a Newton whom he described, in his report,
hypothesize that significant mapping of the heavens existed at the extremely early as "the last of the magicians, the last of the Babylonians and Sumerians ... wholly
date of the Sixteenth Millennium b.c.: Joseph Needham"s attack on these datings devoid of scientific value"; see "Newton the Man," in Newton Tercentenary
[Science and Civilization in China (London: Cambridge University Press, 1954), Vol. Celebrations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1947), pp. 27-34.
III] is transparently scurrilously incompetent in method, and therefore not to be
considered seriously; see Michael Billington, "The Taoist Perversion of Twentieth 235. Op. cit.
Century Science," Fidelio, this issue, pp. 00-00.
236. See Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics, op. cit.; John Von Neumann, The Computer
223. For a convenient English text on Wilhelm von Humboldt and the orbit into and the Brain (Stillmann Lectures) (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958); Alan
which Boeckh"s work fitted, see Paul R. Sweet, Wilhelm von Humboldt, A Turing, Mechanical Intelligence, (New York: Elsevier North-Holland, 1992); Marvin
Biography, 2 vols. (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1980). Minsky, Artificial Intelligence (Eugene: University of Oregon, 1973); Noam
Chomsky, Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought
224. The use of the literal name of one object to name a different object, is but a (New York: Harper and Row, 1966); and Kenneth Colby, Artificial Paranoia: A
special case of this, the exception which reveals the rule. For one object to bear the Computer Simulation of Paranoid Processes (New York: Pergamon Press, 1975. See
name for another, if this substitution is meaningful, rather than only arbitrary footnote 248.
playfulness, signifies an effort to show that the two different objects are predicates of
a common mental object, as distinct from a sensual one. 237. The issue behind the British orchestration of the Malvinas War against
Argentina, in 1982, was London"s effort to push through a new NATO doctrine
225. During the author"s recent visit to Weimar, a copy of Goethe"s Mailied was seen called "out-of-area deployment," signifying the use of NATO military forces outside
affixed by the curators to a wall of the museum which had been the poet"s residence the delimited areas of operations designated by existing NATO treaty-agreements.
there. Nothing illustrates the principle of metaphor in poetry more simply, more London, eyeing the oil-rich regions of Argentina"s Atlantic shelf, chose Argentina as
intelligibly than the role of the concluding couplet of the most popular and typical the target for a precedent-setting operation. The "bait and switch" was set up through
short Goethe poem. The present author adopted this use of "metaphor" for all Lord Peter Carrington, one of Mrs. Thatcher"s highest-ranking controllers of that
representations of mental objects (as distinct from mere sense-perceptions) circa time, and her Foreign Minister "Palmerston" of the moment. Secretary of State
1947, as his own interpretation of the argument put forth in William Empson, Seven Alexander Haig, a former protégé of London"s Henry Kissinger, was
Types of Ambiguity (New York: New Directions, 1947). used to assist this operation. London "let it be known" to the ruling Argentina junta,
that London might turn a blind eye to Buenos Aires simply taking the contested
226. Music is an integral aspect of all language. Music is derived from the singing of Malvinas islands; both direct British channels and Haig were used to foster this. Once
Classical poetry according to the natural principles of vocalization. The existence of Argentina took the British bait, Britain was able to secure full support of the U.S.
five ordinary, and, in the extreme, six distinct, natural species of singing/speaking government for a colonial war of subjugation, and the subsequent "taming" process,
voice, each defined by its own distinct, characteristic array of bel canto mode against the Republic of Argentina. Thatcher and Bush repeated the exact-same
register-shifts, defines natural polyphony, and the well-tempered system as "sandbagging" technique to set up the 1990-1991 "out-of-area deployment" against,
discovered by J.S. Bach, through his work on countrapuntal ensembles" singing and prolonged colonial occupation of, Iraq.
voices of people and their artificial instruments. Music is derived from the singing of
Classical epic and other poetry, using the vocalization of the spoken terms as the 238. See Jasper Hopkins, Nicholas of Cusa"s Debate With John Wenck, A
implicit musical scoring. Translation and an Appraisal of De Ignota Literatura and Apologia Doctae
Ignorantiae, 2nd ed. (Minneapolis: Arthur J. Banning Press, 1984). Hopkins" work is
227. LaRouche, So, You Wish to Learn, op. cit., pp. 23-39. invaluable as a scholarly treatment of this topical area, but the reader should be
cautioned that this is by no means a blanket endorsement of Hopkins" commentary
228. Those who passed through the author"s one-semester course of the 1966-1973 here: the skater must be alert for some not entirely surprising philosophical thin ice
interval will perhaps smirk at this reminiscence. Certain pedagogical ruses, when here and there on crucial conceptions of Cusa"s Platonic method.
apparently successful in one semester"s course, tend to be carried over to the next,
and to the next, and ... . 239. Zorzi, op. cit. From Francis Yates" translation: "Those who retreat from the
direct knowledge of the universe will retreat into the Docta Ignorantia" [Francis A.
229. Ortes, Riflessioni, op. cit. Yates, The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age (London: Routledge and Kegan
Paul, 1979)]. This statement foreshadows the same argument in Francis Bacon, who
230. Napoleon came out of his campaigning in Italy like Caesar returned from Gaul. denounces the deviation from sense-perceptions into consideration of mental
In Julius Caesar"s footsteps, he went to Egypt, and then sought to become Caesar. phenomena, such as metaphor, as objects: How could anyone seek to sustain
However, meanwhile, according to the suggestions of Ortes, Shelburne"s Gibbon had insistence upon the myth that Bacon actually wrote Shakespeare"s works after
been assigned already to write a handbook of guidance to those engaged in comparing Shakespeare"s work with Bacon"s attacks on metaphor! It should not be
establishing London as the capital of the Third-Rome empire. As to the interesting imagined that Kabbalism originates in Judaism; it does not. Moreover, the English
 47
Kabbalists of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries were a stoutly anti-semitic 252. The sub-circle around Abbot Guido Grandi negotiated the rehabilitation of
crew centered, from no later than mid-century, at Cambridge and Oxford universities, Galileo, which occurred in 1757.
and also, in Elizabethan times, in Walsingham"s intelligence service.
253. See footnote 30, "Lord Palmerston"s human zoo." In any case, Karl Marx had
240. A significant player in the circles of Conti and Ortes. Born in Venice 1712, died been warned of the fact that his organization, the Mazzinians, were controlled by
in Pisa, 1764. In 1726, he began studies in Bologna under the circles of Ortes" patron, Lord Palmerston"s Bentham-founded British former intelligence service, through
the leading apologist for Galileo, Abbot Guido Grandi. Achieved fame in 1729, with Heinrich Heine"s famous exposure of the case of Ludwig Bo:rne ["Ludwig Bo:rne,
his adulation of Conti"s protege Isaac Newton: "Saggio sopra la durata dei reigni dei Eine Denkscrift" (1840), in Heinrich Heine, Sa:mtlich Schriften in Zwo:lf Ba:nden,
re di Roma." Appears in Paris in 1735 as an acquaintance of Voltaire and of the ed. by Klaus Briegleb (Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1976), vol. 4]. Marx refused to
Maupertuis from whom Ortes adopted features of his own hedonistic calculus. Visits accept the evidence, of course, since it would have obliged him to face the somewhat
England, meeting with Conti"s network of Newton-faddists there. disconcerting fact that he, too, was nothing more than an agent of Britain"s Lord
Palmerston!
241. Giammaria Ortes, born in Venice, 1713, entering the Camaldolensian monastery
of Murano as a novice in 1727. Died 1790. During 1734-1738, a student, at Pisa, of 254. See footnote 49.
Camaldolesian professor of physics Abbot Guido Grandi. Praised as an economist in
Karl Marx"s Capital, Vol. I, chap. XXV, sec. 4; Marx lays emphasis upon Ortes" 255. Giovanni Botero (1544-1617). Although he studied Aristotelianism with the
second general work on economics, the 1777 Della economia nazionale libri sei, notorious follower of Pomponazzi, Bellarmino, the Jesuit order showed an aversion
published after the 1776 Wealth of Nations of Ortes" student Adam Smith. Author of to Botero, and refused to accept him as one of their own. Although a Venetian agent
the 1790 Riflessioni (op. cit.) upon which the currently proposed U.N.O. Cairo closely tied to Paolo Sarpi, he was officially an agent of the House of Savoy
Population Conference draft is based (as distinct from Thomas Malthus" more throughout his adult life. The significance of Botero in introducing Malthusianism
famous 1798 parody of Ortes" work). into Seventeenth-Century England is emphasized in Joseph A. Schumpeter"s A
History of Economic Analysis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1955).
242. The reader should be reminded, that, also with the existentialists of Nietzsche"s
Vienna following, the gentle Delphic art of Aristotelian formalism corresponds to the 256. Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus Value, I: Addenda, [3.] Petty, Sir Dudley North,
Apollonian side of the pagan Jekyll-Hyde cult of Apollo-Dionysus, Apollo-Osiris, Locke (Moscow: Foreign Language Publishing House, n.d.). See also Schumpeter,
Apollo-Python Apollo-Satan. Even the late Bruno Walter, whom one might have ibid.
taken for a genial and honest man, effused the babbling nonsense of this crew of
Nietzscheans and Wagnerians, publicly, on a New York City radio broadcast, stating 257. An Essay on the History of Civil Society (1767) (Edinburgh: Edinburgh
the unmusical proposition, that whereas Brahms "was an Apollonian," Beethoven University Press, 1966).
"was a Dionysian." There have been, unfortunately, those conductors who have
contrived to perform Beethoven as if his works had been composed by either 258. Tarpley and Chaitkin, op. cit., passim.
Nietzsche"s Silenus, or, worse, Stockhausen! Beethoven was, in his own way, a
devoutly Christian adversary of the pagan deities, a Promethean bringing the fire of 259. Schumpeter, op. cit.
creative genius to mankind in defiance of all of the pagan gods of Olympos.
260. Luca Pacioli, De Divina Proportione (1497) (Vienna: 1896; Milano: Silvana
243. E.g., "The Coronation of Poppea." Editoriale, 1982, facsimile of 1497). Leonardo"s work on the application of Plato"s
Solids, and the derivation of Kepler"s work (op. cit.) from this established the general
244. Galileo Galilei, Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences (1638), trans. by principles of biological growth as general knowledge throughout literate circles of
Henry Crew and Alfonso de Salvio (New York: Dover Publications, n.d.). Exemplary post-Renaissance Europe.
of the empiricist method of Sarpi"s protégés, is the case of Galileo"s
and Newton"s shared fraudulent claims to have discovered universal gravitation. For 261. See footnote 47.
a demonstration of the way in which this Galileo-Newton hoax was constructed, see
Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., The Science of Christian Economy, chap. VII, notes 7-9, in 262. Benjamin Franklin, "Observations Concerning The Increase of Mankind,
The Science of Christian Economy and Other Prison Writings, op. cit., pp. 471-473. Peopling of Countries &c," (1751). See H. Graham Lowry, op. cit., p. 460, 463.

245. Op. cit. 263. Loc. cit.

246. Robert Fludd, Harmonia Mundi (1527). See Johannes Kepler, Harmonice 264. It is admissible, and convenient to speak of a Europe-wide "Venetian oligarchy."
Mundi, Book VI, for the reply to Fludd"s attack; Johannes Kepler, Harmonice Mundi Over the centuries since the Council of Florence, especially since the collapse of the
(1619) German trans. by Max Caspar as Weltharmonik (Munich/Vienna: R. League of Cambrai, Venice"s nobility had assimilated more and more of Europe"s
Oldenbourg Verlag, 1982). aristocratic and other oligarchical forces into its faction. By the time Venice fell from
the status of a government, most of the royal and aristocratic houses of Europe, and
247. Galileo, op. cit. the financial nobilities, were being assimilated into a Europe-wide social stratum
basing itself everywhere on the Venetian model, and ruled more and more by
248. This ruse later served as the assumption employed for defense of the idea of a Venetian ideas. Insofar as exceptions existed to this process of assimilation, the result
mechanical "artificial intelligence (AI)," beginning the 1930"s work of formalists was a division, across national boundaries, between a hardened Venetian oligarchical
such as Alan Turing (e.g., "Turing machines"). Since, as Gödel (1931) showed faction, and its opposition. The League of Armed Neutrality, which brought Britain to
the implicit impossibility of simulating the human mind mechanically, the defenders its knees on the issue of U.S. independence, is typical of this sort of division, as well
of AI retorted with a proposal to ignore all aspects of human mentation which could Czar Alexander II"s similar action to defend the 1862-1863 United States against a
not be reduced to "algorithms" of which they approved. Thus, out of the combined planned intervention by joint British and French imperial forces.
work of AI zealot Marvin Minsky and Russell follower Noam Chomsky at M.I.T.,
came researcher Kenneth Colby"s computer model, which neatly simulates cognition- 265. Admittedly, it was the Cult of Mithra with which Octavian had struck the deal
free, associative-emotional types of psychotic behavior! See footnote 236. leading to the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra, and thus to imperial power, on the Isle
of Capri. It was Tiberius" Cult of Mithra which murdered Christ (with help of a
249. For which the Ashmolean Museum is named, of course. "Quisling" jury), and which committed mass-murder of Christians under Roman
emperors from Nero through Diocletian. Nonetheless, the forces which murdered
250. The putative origins of the cult are in the early-Seventeeth-Century Palatinate, Christ and the Christians in this way were the same forces behind that Democratic
where, ostensibly, the myth of "Christian Rosencreuz" was either spawned, or first Party of Athens which murdered Socrates, ostensibly in a "neo-conservative" fit of
found notable support. It is a medley of gnostic cults, all relying upon the methods of "political correctness." Key is the fact that the controlling force behind the rise of
symbolic magic, and heavily saturated with heirlooms of the Bogomil and other cults Rome was the same Cult of Apollo which had orchestrated the affairs of Classical
proliferating in the Burgundian and Pyrenees regions. Adolf Hitler, like others Greece and Hellenism afterward.
associated with the Nordic Vril society, was a patron of this cult.
266. E.g., Sigmund Freud, Leonardo da Vinci: A Study in Psychosexuality (New
251. b. 1677, d. 1749. York: Random House, 1910). Or should one say Sig. Fraud? Freud had been a
practicing homosexual, ostensibly ending the affair several years prior to publication
 48
of that book; there is no evidence that Leonardo was homosexual, and all the 278. See G.W. Leibniz, "History and Origin of the Differential Calculus," in The
psychosexual indicators are to the contrary. Key to Freud"s book: Leonardo was Early Mathematical Manuscripts of Leibniz, trans. by J.M. Child (Lasalle: Open
creative, unlike the Freud who was innovative in a different sense. Court Publishing Co., 1920), pp. 22-58. See also, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Philosophical Papers and Letters, ed. by Leroy E. Loemker (Chicago: University of
267. Felix Klein, Famous Problems of Elementary Geometry, in Famous Problems Chicago Press, 1956), pp. 1095-1169.
and Other Monographs, trans. by Wooster Woodruff Beman and David Eugene Smith
(New York: Chelsea, 1962), pt. II, "Transcendental Numbers and the Quadrature of 279. LaRouche, The Science of Christian Economy, loc. cit.
the Circle," pp. 49-92.
280. Remember, in reading Klein, we are not dealing with some half-educated
268. Klein insisted upon the most simplistic, wrong reading of "Pythagorean" form modern university graduate; Klein had a grounding in a serious Classical education,
under the second, middle section of Riemann"s paper. and was well-versed in the history of mathematics. The omissions we identify here
could only have been witting fallacies of composition. One will see that there is a
269. Hegel died in 1831, during an epidemic, still doing his utmost to prevent the clear pattern to these.
introduction of Nineteenth-Century science to the University of Berlin.
281. Klein"s lecture may be compared with David Eugene Smith, "The history and
270. Savigny, to whom Karl Marx owed his instruction in law at Berlin, is the transcendence of @gp," in Monographs on Topics of Modern Mathematics Relevant
forerunner of Carl Schmitt, whose radically positivist dogma provided the basis for to the Elementary Field, ed. by David E. Smith (1911) (New York: Dover
law under Hitler"s Reich. Real history tends to be like that; Heinrich Heine Publications, 1955).
understood the principle of the matter when he wrote of the Rothschild control over
the future revolutionaries of 1848, and later of the evil embedded in Kant. 282. LaRouche, The Science of Christian Economy, loc. cit.

271. Loc. cit. 283. See a note by Heinrich Weber, citing one of Clausius" blundering attacks upon
Riemann, in Riemann, Werke, op. cit., p. 293. This is typical of the attacks upon the
272. See Bierman, op. cit., pp. 25-26. work of Gauss, of Heinrich"s brother Wilhelm, and Riemann coming from Britain,
through Clausius, Helmholtz, et al. under the influence of Thomson (Kelvin) et al.
273. It was under the direction of Kelvin, and with mathematical assistance from from the 1850"s onward. James Clerk Maxwell, like Rayleigh, one of the leaders of
Grassmann, that Clausius cooked up the "second law of thermodynamics" by aid of the British attack on Gauss, Weber, and Riemann, made clear that he and his
an elementary blunder of misreading of the work of Sadi Carnot. Helmholtz was a colleagues were rewriting electrodynamics in order to rid the subject of mathematical
robust and frequent hoaxster, devoid of scientific conscience, and completely a conceptions rooted in "geometries other than our own." Rayleigh went so far as to
British agent. insist, that were Riemann correct in showing the possibility for powered transonic
and supersonic flight of projectiles, then all of British mechanistic physics would
274. Charles Babbage and John Herschel, The Principle of Pure Deism, in Opposition collapse; therefore, he argued, Riemann had to be wrong. Under the initial direction
to the Dotage of the University (1811), an attack on the uselessness of Newton"s of his senior in the Cambridge Apostles" cult, Bertrand Russell got into this British
"fluxions," demanding the adoption of a real calculus, that of Leibniz, instead. business of Riemann-hating in the 1890"s, with his tour of lectures in geometry.

275. Professor Hermann Helmholtz, The Sensations of Tone (1863), trans. and 284. Cf. Riemann, Werke, op. cit., p. 273: "... in which the difficulties lie more in the
appendices by Alexander J. Ellis (New York: Dover Publications, 1954). Under conceptualizing ... and I could make use of no preparatory work but several very brief
British "influence," Helmholtz attempted to impose Conti"s methods of Galileo and indications given on this by Privy Councillor Gauss, in his second treatise on
Newton upon music. Among the notable frauds in his work: (1) he proposed to biquadratic residues ... and some philosophical investigations of Herbart." According
eradicate the foundations of Classical music, the Florentine method of bel canto to the Weber Werke (N.B., Appendices, pp. 507-558—one should ignore Hans
voice-training, substituting an unpleasant Nineteenth-Century British novelty, the Lewy"s tendentious introduction to the Dover reprint edition), Riemann"s
"blank voice"; (2) he sought to outlaw the entire Classical tradition of musical tuning, revolutionary breakthrough came during a period of intense work, during a period
that of J.S. Bach et al., and to replace it by a false, mechanistic model derived by preceding the crucial date of discovery, March 1, 1853, through his June 10, 1854
Conti"s methods of Galileo and Newton; (3) he concocted a false theory of hearing to presentation of the hypothesis dissertation. It was his initial breakthrough of the
conform to his dogmas on music. (See Riemann, Werke, op. cit., pp. 338-350; see earlier of those dates which plunged him into intensive library researches. Notably, it
note by the original publisher on page 338: Riemann was correct scientifically; is the mid-1840"s Göttingen lectures of a former student at Friedrich Schiller"s
Helmholtz"s "politically correct" concoction on this subject, not.) In addition, still Jena, the anti-Kantian Herbart, which continues through 1853 and beyond, to supply
taught in defective university and conservatory classrooms today, is the argument of Riemann"s point of departure for his revolution in physics. He is fully aware of this
Ellis included in the appendices to Helmholtz"s work. In the case of those organs nature of his work in the 1854 dissertation, as the reference to March 1, 1853
identified by Ellis on which Bach actually performed, only by adjustment and otherwise indicates. One should not exaggerate Einstein"s insight into Riemann"s
keyboard transposition could the organs have been tuned to ranges which Bach"s work; briefly, there are indications that Einstein, although he broke with Machian
singers could have tolerated, a fact which Ellis knew, and which every competent positivism, was not able to comprehend the ontological implications of the crucial
instructor in a contemporary conservatory then or now has known: fraud! See A discoveries of his friend Gödel, or of Leibniz, Riemann, Cantor, et al. (The
Manual on the Rudiments of Tuning and Registration, ed. by John Sigerson and portion of the Riemann paper to which Einstein refers implicitly is section II, as
Kathy Wolfe (Washington, D.C.: Schiller Institute, 1992), passim, for documentation summarized in sub-section 5.)
of the ranges and registration of the human singing voice. The only reason that
Helmholtz"s fraudulent opinions, and modern elevated pitch, are tolerated, is the 285. Riemann, Werke, op. cit., p. 272.
pervasiveness of Nazi-like Gleichschaltung: "political correctness." Conti again.
286. Russell admittedly played around with pretending to understand such matters.
276. See Cantor, Gesammelte Abhundlungen, op. cit., pp. 205-207, especially notes Notably, he played the role of Britain"s assigned control of Albert Einstein for a
1) and 2), the references to Plato and Cusa. (Cantor"s view of Giordano Bruno as a while, gaining at least one expression of glowering resentment from Einstein for this,
follower of Cusa is mistaken as to Bruno; it must be recognized that on this point and Marburg gnostic Ernst Cassirer"s opportunity, in his book Substance and
Cantor is relying upon the secondary source.) Access to the issues arising between Function, to poke great fun at Russell"s virtual philosophical illiteracy. This is in
Cantor and Klein over the period of their sometimes close professional relationship is addition to the fact, that Russell"s access to Einstein had some other unpleasant,
noted by Herbert Meschkowski and Winfried Nilson in their Georg Cantor Briefe radioactive and related consequences.
(Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991). See Letters and editors" notes on pp. 63-64, and in
the editors" references to the controversy with Klein in notes on pp. 109-110. 287. From Gauss" Werke, op. cit., "Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum II" (1832),
Although Klein was a signator to the 1916 Göttingen honors for Cantor, he had II, pp. 95-148 (Latin), pp. 170-178 (Gauss" German-language commentary on the
joined the ranks of Cantor"s scientific adversaries long before 1895. Latin work); "Anzeigen: Disquisitiones generales circa superficies curvas" (in
German) (1827), IV, pp. 341-347.
277. E.g., Euler, 1761. See Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., "Euler"s Fallacies on the
Subjects of Infinite Divisibility and Monads," in The Science of Christian Economy, 288. Riemann, Werke, op. cit. For Riemann on Herbart, see pp. 509-525; for editor"s
op. cit., pp. 407-425. This was also the central issue of Kant"s attacks upon Leibniz in comment on this, see pp. 507-508.
the Critiques.
289. The term physical space-time is used here in the sense of Riemann"s definition
 49
of higher geometry-like relations above the mathematical domain.

290. The now customary reference to Riemann"s alleged debt to Cauchy typifies the
phenomenon. (What of plagiarist Cauchy"s fraud respecting his own debt to Abel?)
Riemann himself emphasized a debt to an Isaac Newton with whom he disagreed:
See, for example, the page note on p. 534 of the Werke, citing "the third letter to
Bentley." See in the context of pp. 524-525 (on "causality") as a whole the last lines
on p. 525, beginning with "Das Wort Hypothese (the word hypothesis)," through to
the bottom of the page, "... so würde er diese Geschwindigkeit beständig
behalten."

291. LaRouche, loc. cit.

292. See Riemann"s treatment of what he terms Geistesmassen, in Werke, op. cit., pp.
509-525. This same matter is treated at length in the author"s "Metaphor" series, loc.
cit.

293. Riemann, Werke, op. cit., p. 507.

294. The term "generating principle" is employed here strictly in Georg Cantor"s
sense of the notion.

295. In first approximation, the relationship between the relative species-distinctness

of the One versus the Many is formally analogous to the distinctions made by Kurt
Gödel"s famous proof (e.g., 1931, op. cit.).

296. The formal definition of "relatively valid," as employed in this location, implies
the test of the relative cardinality of the state of knowledge achieved through the
discovery.

297. N.B., "The Truth About Temporal Eternity," loc. cit.

298. See B.F. Skinner, The Behavior of Organisms; An Experimental Analysis (New
York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966); also Science and Human Behavior (New
York: Free Press, 1967).

299. For which the author is indebted principally to Leibniz"s discovery of that
science, and to Riemann"s discovery, with a crucial subsidiary debt to Cantor.