History of Graphic Design Graphic Design History
Survey of Design and Media Art From the 1st printing press to modern technology Delimited by social, political, technological milestones The tasks of graphic designer evolved
Bringing in and out of scope specific aspects of the art
Prof. Lindsay Grace
Before Printing
History of Graphic Design
1400 Books were valuable and rare 3 factors made mass production of text important
Ice Age Horse Engraving on Pelvic Bone
1190, Chinese Calligraphy: Block Printed
c. 1250 Medieval Medical Text
History of Graphic Design
Wood block printing The printing press
Inventor: Johan Gensfliesch Gutenberg
History of Graphic Design
First Uses
42 Line Bible Letters of Indulgence
Letter of Indulgence
History of Graphic Design
History of Graphic Design
16th Century
1460 1520: The Incunabula
Presses spread through Europe
17th Century:
Loads of creativity Shakespeare in print
Gutenberg and his press Gutenberg Type
The Industrial Revolution
History of Graphic Design
The Industrial Revolution (1760 1840) 1796: Lithography / Stone printing invented
High detail / low cost Explodes into the printing world
Lithographs
Photography
c.1822 Photography Invented
Joseph Niepce Louis Daguerre
Daguerreotypes invented circa 1839
James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903 ) Part of the Art Institute of Chicagos Collection
Daguerreotype
Victorian Era
1819 1901
Decorative extravagance Strong moral and religious beliefs Often contradicting aesthetic styles
Abolitionist, John Brown, circa 1847
Gothic Influence Grand Style
The Royal Palace in Paris (circa 1845)
Victorian Era Packaging
Victorian Era Print
Package designs using lithography on tin
Lithograph Detail
Victorian Era Print
Victorian Era Print
Victorian era advertisement Victorian era advertisement
Post Industrial Revolution
Arts and Crafts Movement
Philosophical revolt against the industrial revolution
Celebration of individual craftsmanship and design William Morris, book designer who spearheaded the movement
Post Industrial Revolution
Photography:
Eastman Kodak
Introduced a mass marketed, low cost camera (circa 1888) Photography becomes accessible to all
William Morris (1834 1896)
Photography
George Eastman
1898
Cameras for the masses
1907
Art Nouveau
1890 1910 Organic forms Comes to America via magazine covers of
Harpers Scribners
Art Nouveau
A spirit with often imitated aesthetic qualities By 1910, highly imitated and mass produced
Jugend Cover
Peter Behrens, The Kiss, 1898
Harpers Cover
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau
1904
1904
1904
Peter Behrens, 1910 (lithograph)
Art Nouveau
1890-1910
c.1900, New York (packaging)
1895, L.F.Hurd, New York
1898, The Dance by Mucha,
Modernist Era
Early 20th Century Reactions to Art Nouveau Peter Behrens Influence of Modern Art
Cubism Futurism
1920s Advertising
1923
1920
The Art and Craft of the Machine
Frank Lloyd Wright
The invention of printing was the greatest event in history. It was the first great machine, after the great city.-Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright
The natural with the machinated American Style
Bauhaus
Union of art and Industry
Member: Mies Van Der Rohe Disbanded by Nazi Party 1928 1928
Pablo Picasso, 1955
Cubism
Pablo Picasso, 1907
Futurists
Immense optimism for the future Favored the machine and technology Foundation for Multimedia Simultaneity
Futurist Poetry
World War 1 and World War 2
Recruitment Posters Challenge of encouraging people to enlist Images of empowerment and adventure New female roles
1918, USA
World War 1
1918, Louis Fancher
Recruitment
World War II Norman Rockwell
1942 Rally Poster
1914
1918
1942
1943 Rally Poster
1943 Rally Poster
1940s
American Consumer Culture
Began around the turn of the 20th century
1929
Birth of US consumer society, commercial artists,
advertising and illustrators
Mass production required businesses to create demand through advertising
Sears Wards
Catalog Production The Saturday Evening Post
Americas greatest show window for an illustrator
Sears Catalog, Circa 1915
1940 Montgomery Ward Catalog Page
1936
1960, Self Portrait
1969
Rockwell
Pulp Fiction
Problem we all live with, N. Rockwell
1935 Impulse Items
1941
Pulp Fiction
While Rockwell painted pictures of America, Pulp fiction artists painted things out of this world Pulp Fiction (dime store novels): Cheap reading with cheap writing Subjects include:
Science fiction Detective Stories Adult Content 1953
Pulp Fiction
1961
United States Advertising
A new concept is created:
United States Advertising
Marketing
Born from: The new science of Psychology War time propaganda A corporate need to create demand 1942 Packard Automobile
United States Advertising
United States Advertising
1948
1940 Whirlpool Display
1950 to Present
US leads in advertising (New York) Entrenchment of Corporate Identity
The establishment of brands and national or multinational identity Big companies, with big names
1950 to Present
1960
Corporate Identity
United States Advertising: 1970
1975
Paul Rand logos (1965-1975)
1971
1970s Catalogs
The Digital Realm (1980s)
Personal computers offered in 1982 Desktop publishing first coined (circa 1985)
1984: First Apple Macintosh 1984: First Laser Jet Printer (Hewlett Packard) 1985: Adobe introduces PostScript 1985: Aldus introduces PageMaker for the Mac
1979 Sears Catalog Page
Digital Influence
The Digital Realm (1980s)
1983, Michael Graves Poster
Michael Vanderbyl ,1985
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The World Wide Web
Project Xanadu:
Concepts first introduced in 1960
Contemporary
Modern World Wide Web
Change in audience New medium
Nekkei Design magazine 1998
1994
Contemporary
Contemporary
1995 1995
Web Publishing, Design, and more Powerful Computers
1993, Mozilla project completed,
First Web browser introduced (Netscape)
Digital Image
New issues in design
Computer Graphics Technical aspects
Lower resolution Fewer colors (initially) Existence only in the digital world 2003
2003
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Digital Image
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