HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION EXPERIMENT # 11
GROUP # 4 PHYSICS 21.1-2 PROFESSOR JENNIFER C. SY
WEDNESDAY 7:00-10:00
SIRLS-P
MEMBERS:
REYES, ALYSSA CAMILLE M. REYES, JOHN ZEDRICK V. RIVERA, EUNICE C. ROLDAN, CHARLENE MARNICA F. SAJUL, JEREMAINE T. Course BS Biology BS Biology BS Biology BS Biology BS Biology Signature
I. OBJECTIVES:
To be able to compare the rate of heat absorbed by a blackbody and other non-blackbody. To be able to compare the emissivity of a blackbody and other non-blackbody.
II. PRINCIPLES:
Heat transfer through radiation takes place in form of electromagnetic waves mainly in the infrared region. Radiation emitted by a body is a consequence of thermal agitation of its composing molecules. Radiation heat transfer can be described by a reference to the so-called black-body A black body is defined as a body that absorbs all radiation that falls on its surface. Actual black bodies don't exist in nature - though its characteristics are approximated by a hole in a box filled with highly absorptive material. The emission spectrum of such a black body was first fully described by Max Planck. A black body is a hypothetic body that completely absorbs all wavelengths of thermal radiation incident on it. Such bodies do not reflect light, and therefore appear black if their temperatures are low enough so as not to be self-luminous. All blackbodies heated to a given temperature emit thermal radiation. The radiation energy per unit time from a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature and can be expressed with Stefan-Boltzmann Law as q = T4 A where (1)
q = heat transfer per unit time (W) = 5.6703 10-8 (W/m2K4) - The Stefan-Boltzmann Constant T = absolute temperature Kelvin (K) A = area of the emitting body (m2)
III. SET-UP DIAGRAM:
IV. DATA AND RESULTS:
Table 11.1 Heat Transfer by Radiation BLACKBODY AREA, m e (TRUE VALUE) T, K QB(J); AMT. OF HEAT RADIATED HR; HEAT RADIATED/HEAT TRANSFERRED QRA; AMT. OF HEAT ABSORBED %Q ABSORBED QRB; AMT. OF HEAT REFLECTED
2
ALUMINUM
0.009 m 0.04 321 K 9000 J 0.22 W 198 J 97.8 % 8802 J
2
GLASS
0.009 m 0.95 322 K 9000 J 5.21 W 4689 J 47.9 % 4311 J
2
0.009 m 1.0 319 K 9000 J 5.28 W 4752 J 47.2 % 4248 J
Computations: Area = 2rh = 2 (0.01m) (15m) = 0.009m2 QB = Power (watts) x t (sec) = 10 watts x 900 s = 9000 J Temperature: Blackbody = 46oC + 273 = 319 K Aluminum = 48oC + 273 = 321 K Glass = 49oC + 273 = 322 K Aluminum: HR = eAT4 = (0.04) (5.67 x 10-8 W/m2K4) (0.009 m2) (321 K)4 = 0.22 W QRA = HR (t) = 0.22 W x 900 s = 198 J QB = QB QRA = 9000 J 198 J = 8802 J % Q absorbed = X 100 = X 100 = 97.8 %
Blackbody: HR = eAT4 = (1.00) (5.67 x 10-8 W/m2K4) (0.009 m2) (319 K)4 = 5.28 W QRA = HR (t) = 5.28 W x 900 s = 4752 J QB = QB QRA = 9000 J 4752 J = 4248 J % Q absorbed = X 100 = X 100 = 47.2 %
Glass: HR = eAT4 = (0.95) (5.67 x 10-8 W/m2K4) (0.009 m2) (322 K)4 = 5.21 W QRA = HR (t) = 5.21 W x 900 s = 4689 J QB = QB QRA = 9000 J 4689 J = 4311 J % Q absorbed = X 100 = X 100 = 47.9 %
Discussion: The experiment is conducted in a radiation house covered with insulating materials. The bulb transfers heat through radiation to the body (test tube) with different types of cover (electrical tape and aluminum foil). The cover affects the amount of heat absorbed by the body as well as the amount of heat reflected. When the body is covered with a poor conductor such as the aluminum foil, or by an insulator such as the electrical tape, the less heat is absorbed by the body compared to that of the uncovered body.
6000 5000 Heat Absorbed 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Emissivity 0.8 1 1.2 1, 4752
Graph 11.1A Emissivity vs. Heat Absorbed Interpretation: The emissivity of the material used to cover the body (test tube) affects the amount of heat absorbed by the body. The emissivity of the material is directly proportional to the amount of heat absorbed of the body. As the emissivity of the material increases, the amount of heat absorbed also increases.
10000 9000 8000 Heat Reflected 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Emissivity 0.8 1 1.2 1, 4248
Graph 11.1B Emissivity vs. Heat Reflected
Interpretation: The emissivity of the material used to cover the body (test tube) affects the amount of heat reflected by the body. The emissivity of the material is inversely proportional to the heat reflected by the body. As the emissivity increases, the heat reflected of the body decreases.
V. CONCLUSION:
When electromagnetic waves travel through space, it is called radiation. When electromagnetic waves come in contact with an object, the waves transfer the heat to that object. There are certain things that affect the amount of heat absorbed of an object. One is the emissivity of an object, if the emissivity changes, the amount of heat absorbed by an object also changes. Another is the amount of heat radiated by a certain light source. A change in amount of power will surely affect the amount of heat that will be transferred to the material.
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS:
Make sure that the radiation house is completely covered to prevent the unwanted release of heat which will affect the result of the experiment. (Reyes, Alyssa Camille M.) Make sure that the radiation house is completely insulated to prevent the unwanted absorption of heat by the other parts of the house. (Reyes, John Zedrick V.) Try using different sizes of bulbs with different amount of power (watts) to know the effect of the initial heat radiated to the body. (Rivera, Eunice C.) Make use of other materials instead of the tape and aluminum foil to know how these materials affect the heat absorbed and reflected by the body. (Roldan, Charlene Marnica F.) Try using different sizes of test tubes (body) to know if the area affects the heat absorption and reflection of the body. (Sajul, Jeremaine T.)
