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Chapter 5 Activity

The document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to sampling in systems analysis. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. It lists reasons for sampling such as lower cost, faster data collection, and improving accuracy. The document outlines four steps to designing a good sample: determining what data to collect, defining the population, choosing the sampling method, and deciding the sample size. It also defines three approaches to complex random sampling and stratification of samples.

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Jes Ramos
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575 views4 pages

Chapter 5 Activity

The document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to sampling in systems analysis. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. It lists reasons for sampling such as lower cost, faster data collection, and improving accuracy. The document outlines four steps to designing a good sample: determining what data to collect, defining the population, choosing the sampling method, and deciding the sample size. It also defines three approaches to complex random sampling and stratification of samples.

Uploaded by

Jes Ramos
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jennifer R.

Espanol, MCP
ACTIVITY CHAPTER 5
1. Define what is meant by sampling.

ASAD

ANS. Sampling is concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
2. List four reasons why the systems analyst would want to sample data or select representative people to interview.

Ans. Reasons why system analyst want to do sampling because the cost is lower, data collection is faster, and since the data set is smaller it is possible to ensure homogeneity and to improve the accuracy and quality of the data. Moreover, it reduces data gathering bias.

3.

What are the four steps to follow to design a good sample? ANS.

a. Determining the data to be collected or described. - The first step in any survey is deciding what you want to learn. The goals of the project determine whom you will survey and what you will ask them. If your goals are unclear, the results will probably be unclear b.Determining the population to be sampled. The next step is to decide how many people you need to interview. Statisticians know that a small, representative sample will reflect opinions and behavior of the group from which it was drawn. The larger the sample, the more precisely it represents the target group. However, the rate of improvement in the precision decreases as your sample size increases. For example, to increase a sample from 250 to 1,000 only doubles the precision. You must make a decision about your sample size based on factors such as: time available, budget and necessary degree of precision. c. Choosing the type of sample. How you will interview or do the sampling. Once you have decided on your sample you must decide on your method of data collection. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. d.Deciding on the sample size. Sample size determination is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample.
4. List the three approaches to complex random sampling. ANS.

a.Systematic Sampling

Systematic sampling is a statistical method involving the selection of elements from an ordered sampling frame. The most common form of systematic sampling is an equal-probability method. In this approach, progression through the list is treated circularly, with a return to the top once the end of the list is passed. The sampling starts by selecting an element from the list at random and then every kth element in the frame is selected, where k, the sampling interval (sometimes known as the skip): this is calculated as:

where n is the sample size, and N is the population size. b. Stratified Sampling In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population. In statistical surveys, when subpopulations within an overall population vary, it is advantageous to sample each subpopulation (stratum) independently. Stratification is the process of dividing members of the population into homogeneous subgroups before sampling. The strata should be mutually exclusive: every element in the population must be assigned to only one stratum. The strata should also be collectively exhaustive: no population element can be excluded. Then simple random sampling or systematic sampling is applied within each stratum. This often improves the representativeness of the sample by reducing sampling error. It can produce a weighted mean that has less variability than the arithmetic mean of a simple random sample of the population. c.Cluster Sampling Cluster sampling is a sampling technique used when "natural" but relatively homogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical population. It is often used in marketing research. In this technique, the total population is divided into these groups (or clusters) and a simple random sample of the groups is selected. Then the required information is collected from a simple random sample of the elements within each selected group. This may be done for every element in these groups or a subsample of elements may be selected within each of these groups. A common motivation for cluster sampling is to reduce the average cost per interview
5. Define what is meant by stratification of samples.

In a proportionate stratified sample, the population of sampling units are divided into sub-groups, or strata, and the sample is selected separately in each stratum. For the sampling to be proportionate, the sampling fraction (or interval) must be identical in each stratum.
6. What effect on sample size does using a greater confidence level have when sampling attribute data? ANS.

A greater confidence level or a smaller acceptable interval estimate would require a larger sample size.

7.

What is the overriding variable that determines how many people the systems analyst should interview in depth? ANS.

The overriding variable that determines how many people the systems analyst should interview in depth is the time an interview takes.
8. What information about the decision maker does the analyst seek to gain from observation? ANS.

The analyst gains insights about what is actually done and the relationships that exist between decision makers and other organizational members.
9. List five steps to help the analyst observe the decision makers typical activities. ANS.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Decide what is to be observed (activities). Decide at what level of concreteness activities are to be observed. Create categories that adequately capture key activities. Prepare appropriate scales, checklists, or other materials for observation. Decide when to observe.

10.

In the technique known as the analysts playscript, who is the actor? ANS.

decision maker

Problems
1. Dee Fektiv is concerned that too many forms are being filled out incorrectly. She feels that about 10 percent of all the forms have an error. a. How large a sample size should Dee use to be 99 percent certain she will be within 0.02? ANS.

n=

p(1-p) p
2

+1

p =

i
z

SOLUTION:

.99 (1-.99) 0.082

.01 .016

+1

= =

.625 + 1 1.625
b. Suppose Dee will accept a confidence level of 95 percent that she will be within 0.02. What will the sample size of forms be now?

= .95 (1-.95) 0.012


=

.05 +1 .02 2.5 + 1 3.5

= =

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