Scribd
Upload
1K views26 pages

Chapter2 - Timers

This chapter discusses the timers of the PIC18 microcontroller. It describes Timers 0-3, their associated registers for configuration and counting, and modes for using the timers as event counters or to generate delays. Examples are provided to illustrate programming the timers in C, such as toggling a pin at a specified frequency or interval using different timer configurations. The chapter explains how to calculate the necessary register values to achieve the desired delay times.

Uploaded by

adamwaiz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views26 pages

Chapter2 - Timers

This chapter discusses the timers of the PIC18 microcontroller. It describes Timers 0-3, their associated registers for configuration and counting, and modes for using the timers as event counters or to generate delays. Examples are provided to illustrate programming the timers in C, such as toggling a pin at a specified frequency or interval using different timer configurations. The chapter explains how to calculate the necessary register values to achieve the desired delay times.

Uploaded by

adamwaiz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Timers

Chapter 2

Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
List the timers of the PIC18 and their associated registers Describe the various modes of the PIC18 timers Program the PIC18 counters in C as event counters

Timer0
16-bit wide Consists of a low-byte (TMR0L) and a high-byte (TMR0H) register Can be used as 8-bit or 16-bit timer

High byte (8-bit)

Low byte (8-bit)

Timer0 (contd)
Important Registers:
i) T0CON (Timer0 Control Register) To start & stop Timer0 and other configurations ii) TMR0H:TMR0L (for counting purposes) Act as counting buffer iii) INTCON (Interrupt Control Register)
D7 D0

T0CON (Timer0 Control) Register

Example 1
What is the value of T0CON if the Timer0 settings are as below ?
16-bit timer No pre-scaler Internal clock (from oscillator) source Increment on positive-edge Answer: T0CON = 00001000

Example 2
Calculate the amount of time delay generated by the Timer0 with the following specification:
XTAL = 10MHz TMR0H:TMR0L = FFF2H Solution: TCY = 4/10MHz = 0.4us (Each tick consume 0.4us) How many tick? (FFFF-FFF2) + 1 = 14 ticks Time delay = 14 x 0.4us = 5.6us 1 FFF2 TMR0IF=0 FFF3 2 FFF4 FFFE 13 FFFF 14 0000

TMR0IF=0 TMR0IF=0

TMR0IF=0 TMR0IF=0 TMR0IF=1

Example 3
Write a C program to toggle all the bits of PORTB continuously with 1ms delay. Use Timer0, 16-bit mode, no prescaler options to generate the delay. (Assume XTAL=20MHz) Solution:
TCY = 4/20MHz = 0.2us (Each tick consume 0.2us) How many ticks in 1ms delay?
1ms/0.2us = 5000 ticks = 1388H ticks!

To find register value for TMR0H:TMR0L


FFFF - register value + 1 = 1388H ticks register value = EC78H

@ Simply take the negative value of the tick counts This is much more easier! -1388H = EC78H

Example 3 (contd)

Exercise 1
Write a C program to toggle only the PORTB.4 bit continuously every 50ms. Use Timer0, 16-bit mode and the 1:4 prescaler to create the delay. (Assume XTAL = 20MHz) Solution:
TCY = 4/20MHz = 0.2us (Each tick consume 0.2us) How many ticks in 50ms delay? 50ms/0.2us = 250000 ticks = 3D090H ticks! (out of range!!) 250000/4 = 62500 ticks = F424H ticks!

With 1:4 prescaller Therefore, register counts = -F424H = 0BDCH

Exercise 1 (contd)

Timer1
16-bit wide Consists of a low-byte (TMR1L) and a high-byte (TMR1H) register Can be used as 16-bit timer only!

High byte (8-bit)

Low byte (8-bit)

Timer1 (contd)
Important Registers:
i) T1CON (Timer1 Control Register) To start & stop Timer1 and other configurations ii) TMR1H:TMR1L (for counting purposes) Act as counting buffer iii) PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request Register 1)
D7

T1CON (Timer1 Control) Register

Exercise 2
Write a C program to create pulses with a frequency of 2500Hz with 50% duty cycle on pin PORTB.1. Use Timer1 to create the delay. (Assume XTAL = 20MHz) Solution: T = 1/2500 = 400us (HIGH: 200us; LOW: 200us) How many ticks in 200us delay? 200us/0.2us = 1000 ticks = 03E8H ticks! Therefore, register counts = - 03E8H = FC18H

Exercise 2 (contd)

Exercise 2 (contd)

Approx.1000 ins. cycles

Approx.1000 ins. cycles

Timer0 & Timer1 as Counter


Can used as Counters Counter0 (Timer0 counter):
Count pulses on T0CKI (RA4) pin

Counter1 (Timer1 counter):


Count pulses on T13CKI (RC0) pin

Example - Counter
Please refer Example 9-35, 9-36 & 9-37 in the textbook

Timer2
8-bit wide Consists of a PR2 (Period Register 2) TMR2 will increment from 00 until reaches PR2 value before TMR2IF flag is set Consists of prescaler and postscaler No counter function

Timer2 (contd)
Important Registers:
i) T2CON (Timer2 Control Register) To start & stop Timer2 and other configurations ii) PR2 (to set the counting value) If TMR2 = PR2; TMR2IF flag is set iii) PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request Register 1)
D7

Timer2 (contd)

Timer3
16-bit wide Consists of a low-byte (TMR3L) and a high-byte (TMR3H) register Enable the CCP Mode for PWM Application

Timer3 (contd)
Important Registers:
i) T3CON (Timer3 Control Register) To start & stop Timer3 and other configurations ii) TMR3H:TMR3L (for counting purposes) Act as counting buffer iii) PIR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Request Register 2)

Timer3 (contd)

End of Chapter 2

You might also like