Receivers

B-003-3-1 (3) In a frequency modulation receiver, the _________ is connected to the input of the radio frequency amplifier. 1. mixer 2. frequency discriminator 3. antenna 4. limiter > In a receiver, an RF amplifier is generally used to amplify the tiny signal (i.e., microvolts) arriving from the Antenna. Once amplified, the incoming signal is fed to the Mixer. B-003-3-2 (4) In a frequency modulation receiver, the __________ is in between the antenna and the mixer. 1. audio frequency amplifier 2. high frequency oscillator 3. intermediate frequency amplifier 4. radio frequency amplifier > In a receiver, an RF amplifier is generally used to amplify the tiny signal (i.e., microvolts) arriving from the Antenna. Once amplified, the incoming signal is fed to the Mixer. B-003-3-3 (4) In a frequency modulation receiver, the output of the high frequency oscillator is fed to the: 1. radio frequency amplifier 2. limiter 3. antenna 4. mixer > The Mixer in a receiver takes in the incoming signal and mixes it with a local High Frequency Oscillator to transpose (usually down) the incoming signal to a fixed Intermediate Frequency (the Superheterodyne concept). Using a fixed and lower Intermediate Frequency regardless of operating frequency facilitates the achievement of high gain and selectivity.

B-003-3-4 (4) In a frequency modulation receiver, the output of the___________ is connected to the mixer. 1. frequency discriminator 2. intermediate frequency amplifier 3. speaker and/or headphones 4. high frequency oscillator > The Mixer in a receiver takes in the incoming signal and mixes it with a local High Frequency Oscillator to transpose (usually down) the incoming signal to a fixed Intermediate Frequency (the Superheterodyne concept). Using a fixed and lower Intermediate Frequency regardless of operating frequency facilitates the achievement of high gain and selectivity. B-003-3-5 (1) In a frequency modulation receiver, the_________ is in between the mixer and the intermediate frequency amplifier. 1. filter 2. limiter 3. frequency discriminator 4. radio frequency amplifier > The Mixer accepts two inputs: the incoming signal and the local High Frequency Oscillator. Mixing returns two new products: the sum of the two inputs, the difference of the two inputs. The IF Filter seeks to let only one of the products into the Intermediate Frequency chain for amplification through the IF Amplifier. B-003-3-6 (2) In a frequency modulation receiver, the ________ is located between the filter and the limiter. 1. high frequency oscillator 2. intermediate frequency amplifier 3. mixer 4. radio frequency amplifier > The Mixer accepts two inputs: the incoming signal and the local High Frequency Oscillator. Mixing returns two new products: the sum of the two inputs, the difference of the two inputs. The IF Filter seeks to let only one of the products into the Intermediate Frequency chain for amplification through the IF Amplifier.

B-003-3-7 (3) In a frequency modulation receiver, the__________ is in between the intermediate frequency amplifier and the frequency discriminator. 1. filter 2. high frequency oscillator 3. limiter 4. radio frequency amplifier > Detection (recovery of the original message) in a Frequency Modulation receiver is performed by the 'Discriminator'. The Discriminator translates frequency deviation back to audio. Early discriminators were sensitive to amplitude variations and needed to be preceded by a 'Limiter' to remove amplitude variations from the received signal. Limiters are integral part of an FM system as they cut down the influence of noise. B-003-3-8 (4) In a frequency modulation receiver, the __________ is located between the limiter and the audio frequency amplifier. 1. intermediate frequency amplifier 2. speaker and/or headphones 3. high frequency oscillator 4. frequency discriminator > Detection (recovery of the original message) in a Frequency Modulation receiver is performed by the 'Discriminator'. The Discriminator translates frequency deviation back to audio. Early discriminators were sensitive to amplitude variations and needed to be preceded by a 'Limiter' to remove amplitude variations from the received signal. Limiters are integral part of an FM system as they cut down the influence of noise. B-003-3-9 (4) In a frequency modulation receiver, the _________ is located between the speaker and/or headphones and the frequency discriminator. 1. limiter 2. intermediate frequency amplifier 3. radio frequency amplifier 4. audio frequency amplifier > Most receivers rely on an Audio Amplifier to provide sufficient volume from the loudspeaker.

B-003-3-10 (3) In a frequency modulation receiver, the __________ connects to the audio frequency amplifier output. 1. intermediate frequency amplifier 2. frequency discriminator 3. speaker and/or headphones 4. limiter > key words: "CONNECTS TO". The expected answer relies on the general concept of connecting something to a source: a hose to a tap, a house to the electrical grid or gas mains. In that sense, the loudspeaker CONNECTS to the Audio Amplifier. The Audio Amplifier connects to the Discriminator. B-003-5-1 (4) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the antenna is connected to the ____________ . 1. product detector 2. high frequency oscillator 3. intermediate frequency amplifier 4. radio frequency amplifier > In a receiver, an RF amplifier is generally used to amplify the tiny signal (i.e., microvolts) arriving from the Antenna. Once amplified, the incoming signal is fed to the Mixer. B-003-5-2 (4) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output of the _____________ is connected to the mixer. 1. filter 2. intermediate frequency amplifier 3. audio frequency amplifier 4. radio frequency amplifier > The mixer accepts two inputs: the incoming signal and the local High Frequency Oscillator. Mixing returns two new products: the sum of the two inputs, the difference of the two inputs. The IF Filter seeks to let only one of the products into the Intermediate Frequency chain for amplification through the IF Amplifier. B-003-5-3 (3) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the __________ is connected to the radio frequency amplifier and the high frequency oscillator. 1. beat frequency oscillator

2. product detector 3. mixer 4. filter > The mixer accepts two inputs: the incoming signal and the local High Frequency Oscillator. Mixing returns two new products: the sum of the two inputs, the difference of the two inputs. The IF Filter seeks to let only one of the products into the Intermediate Frequency chain for amplification through the IF Amplifier. B-003-5-4 (2) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output of the ___________ is connected to the mixer. 1. intermediate frequency amplifier 2. high frequency oscillator 3. beat frequency oscillator 4. product detector > The mixer accepts two inputs: the incoming signal and the local High Frequency Oscillator. Mixing returns two new products: the sum of the two inputs, the difference of the two inputs. The IF Filter seeks to let only one of the products into the Intermediate Frequency chain for amplification through the IF Amplifier. B-003-5-5 (1) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the _____________ is in between the mixer and intermediate frequency amplifier. 1. filter 2. radio frequency amplifier 3. beat frequency oscillator 4. product detector > The mixer accepts two inputs: the incoming signal and the local High Frequency Oscillator. Mixing returns two new products: the sum of the two inputs, the difference of the two inputs. The IF Filter seeks to let only one of the products into the Intermediate Frequency chain for amplification through the IF Amplifier. B-003-5-6 (1) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the __________ is in between the filter and product detector. 1. intermediate frequency amplifier 2. audio frequency amplifier

3. beat frequency oscillator 4. radio frequency amplifier > The mixer accepts two inputs: the incoming signal and the local High Frequency Oscillator. Mixing returns two new products: the sum of the two inputs, the difference of the two inputs. The IF Filter seeks to let only one of the products into the Intermediate Frequency chain for amplification through the IF Amplifier. B-003-5-7 (1) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the __________ output is connected to the audio frequency amplifier. 1. product detector 2. high frequency oscillator 3. beat frequency oscillator 4. intermediate frequency amplifier > In an SSB/CW receiver, detection (recovery of the message) is performed by a 'Product Detector'. The 'Product Detector' mixes the Intermediate Frequency signal with a Beat Frequency Oscillator to transpose the IF signal down to the audible range. The demodulated signal is applied to an Audio Amplifier to provide sufficient drive for the loudspeaker. B-003-5-8 (2) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output of the ___________ is connected to the product detector. 1. mixer 2. beat frequency oscillator 3. radio frequency amplifier 4. audio frequency amplifier > In an SSB/CW receiver, detection (recovery of the message) is performed by a 'Product Detector'. The 'Product Detector' mixes the Intermediate Frequency signal with a Beat Frequency Oscillator to transpose the IF signal down to the audible range. The demodulated signal is applied to an Audio Amplifier to provide sufficient drive for the loudspeaker. B-003-5-9 (2) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the __________ is connected to the output of the product detector. 1. intermediate frequency amplifier 2. audio frequency amplifier

3. high frequency oscillator 4. radio frequency amplifier > In an SSB/CW receiver, detection (recovery of the message) is performed by a 'Product Detector'. The 'Product Detector' mixes the Intermediate Frequency signal with a Beat Frequency Oscillator to transpose the IF signal down to the audible range. The demodulated signal is applied to an Audio Amplifier to provide sufficient drive for the loudspeaker. B-003-5-10 (1) In a single sideband and CW receiver, the __________ is connected to the output of the audio frequency amplifier. 1. speaker and/or headphones 2. mixer 3. radio frequency amplifier 4. beat frequency oscillator > In an SSB/CW receiver, detection (recovery of the message) is performed by a 'Product Detector'. The 'Product Detector' mixes the Intermediate Frequency signal with a Beat Frequency Oscillator to transpose the IF signal down to the audible range. The demodulated signal is applied to an Audio Amplifier to provide sufficient drive for the loudspeaker. B-003-10-1 (3) Which list of emission types is in order from the narrowest bandwidth to the widest bandwidth? 1. CW, SSB voice, RTTY, FM voice 2. CW, FM voice, RTTY, SSB voice 3. CW, RTTY, SSB voice, FM voice 4. RTTY, CW, SSB voice, FM voice > In order of bandwidth requirements: CW = about 100 Hz, RTTY = about 600 Hz, SSB = 2 to 3 kHz, FM = 10 to 20 kHz. B-003-10-2 (1) The figure in a receiver's specifications which indicates its sensitivity is the: 1. signal plus noise to noise ratio 2. audio output in watts 3. bandwidth of the IF in kilohertz

4. number of RF amplifiers > Comparing 'Signal + Noise' to 'Noise alone' yields a measure of the sensitivity. A sensitive receiver will render more signal and little remaining noise (less background noise on the reproduced signal) when compared to the base noise in the receiver. "3" is an expression of Selectivity. B-003-10-3 (3) If two receivers of different sensitivity are compared, the less sensitive receiver will produce: 1. a steady oscillator drift 2. more than one signal 3. less signal or more noise 4. more signal or less noise > key words: LESS SENSITIVE. A sensitive receiver will render more signal and little remaining noise (less background noise on the reproduced signal) when compared to the base noise in the receiver. The better receiver can render weak signals with little noise. B-003-10-4 (4) Which of the following modes of transmission is usually detected with a product detector? 1. Double sideband full carrier 2. Frequency modulation 3. Pulse modulation 4. Single sideband suppressed carrier > In SSB, the FREQUENCY of the original modulating signal is conveyed by the POSITION of each side frequency within the sideband in relation to the phantom carrier (it has been suppressed). A sideband (a group of ever changing side frequencies) is formed by the sum (Upper Sideband) or difference (Lower Sideband) of the modulating frequencies and the carrier frequency. The original frequency can only be reproduced correctly by "re-inserting" a reference signal, the Beat Frequency Oscillator, and mixing it with the received signal. 'Beat' is synonym of mixing. B-003-10-5 (3) A receiver designed for SSB reception must have a BFO (beat frequency oscillator) because: 1. it beats with the received carrier to produce the other sideband 2. it reduces the passband of the IF stages 3. the suppressed carrier must be replaced for detection

4. it phases out the unwanted sideband signal > In SSB, the FREQUENCY of the original modulating signal is conveyed by the POSITION of each side frequency within the sideband in relation to the phantom carrier (it has been suppressed). A sideband (a group of ever changing side frequencies) is formed by the sum (Upper Sideband) or difference (Lower Sideband) of the modulating frequencies and the carrier frequency. The original frequency can only be reproduced correctly by "re-inserting" a reference signal, the Beat Frequency Oscillator, and mixing it with the received signal. 'Beat' is synonym of mixing. B-003-10-6 (3) A receiver receives an incoming signal of 3.54 MHz, and the local oscillator produces a signal of 3.995 MHz. To which frequency should the IF be tuned? 1. 7.435 MHz 2. 3.995 MHz 3. 455 kHz 4. 3.54 MHz > The mixer accepts two inputs: the incoming signal and the local High Frequency Oscillator. Mixing returns two new products: the sum of the two inputs, the difference of the two inputs. The IF Filter seeks to let only one of the products into the Intermediate Frequency chain for amplification through the IF Amplifier. In this example, 3995 kHz minus 3540 kHz yields 455 kHz. B-003-10-7 (1) What kind of filter would you use to attenuate an interfering carrier signal while receiving an SSB transmission? 1. A notch filter 2. A band pass filter 3. An all pass filter 4. A pi-network filter > The problem presented here is an offending signal within the receiver passband (the range of frequencies allowed though the Intermediate Frequency chain). A 'Notch Filter' which attenuates a very narrow range of frequencies can be used to remove the interfering carrier. B-003-10-8 (4) The three main parameters against which the quality of a receiver is measured are: 1. selectivity, stability and frequency range 2. sensitivity, stability and cross-modulation

3. sensitivity, selectivity and image rejection 4. sensitivity, selectivity and stability > Three times letter S: Sensitivity, Selectivity and Stability. Sensitivity: render weak signals with less noise. Selectivity: the ability to separate signals from adjacent ones. Stability: staying on frequency over time despite temperature or voltage variations. B-003-10-9 (2) A communications receiver has four filters installed in it, one at 250 Hz, one at 500 Hz, one at 2.4 kHz, and one at 6 kHz. If you were listening to single sideband, which filter would you utilize? 1. 250 Hz 2. 2.4 kHz 3. 6 kHz 4. 500 Hz > In order of bandwidth requirements: CW = about 100 Hz, RTTY = about 600 Hz, SSB = 2 to 3 kHz, FM = 10 to 20 kHz. A 2.4 kHz filter is just wide enough to accept an SSB signal. Wider a filter, lets in more noise. Too narrow a filter causes distortion.

B-003-10-10 (4) A communications receiver has four filters installed in it, one at 250 Hz, one at 500 Hz, one at 2.4 kHz and one at 6 kHz. You are copying a CW transmission and there is a great deal of interference. Which one of the filters would you choose? 1. 500 Hz 2. 2.4 kHz 3. 6 kHz 4. 250 Hz > In order of bandwidth requirements: CW = about 100 Hz, RTTY = about 600 Hz, SSB = 2 to 3 kHz, FM = 10 to 20 kHz. A 250 Hz filter is best to isolate a CW signal. Wider a filter, lets in more noise. Too narrow a filter causes distortion. B-003-10-11 (3) Selectivity can be placed in the audio stages of a receiver by the utilization of RC active or passive audio filters. If you were to copy CW, which of the following bandpasses would you choose? 1. 2100 - 2300 Hz

2. 300 - 2700 Hz 3. 750 - 850 Hz 4. 100 - 1100 Hz > key words: AUDIO STAGES. After the 'Product Detector', an incoming CW signal is now an audible tone. Most receivers render CW as a note somewhere in the range of 750 Hz to 850 Hz. Additional band-pass filtering (allowing only a certain range of frequencies) can be useful to knock down adjacent stations finding their way into the receiver passband (the range of frequencies allowed though the Intermediate Frequency chain) and producing higher or lower notes, say at 250 or 1000 Hz. B-003-13-11 (4) FM receivers perform in an unusual manner when two or more stations are present. The loudest signal, even though it is only two or three times as loud as the other signals, will be the only transmission demodulated. This is called: 1. attach effect 2. interference effect 3. surrender effect 4. capture effect > The 'Capture Effect' is specific to FM receivers: only the stronger of two signals at or near the same frequency will be demodulated. The complete suppression of the weaker signal occurs at the receiver limiter. When both signals are nearly equal in strength, or are fading independently, the receiver may switch from one to the other. http://en.wikipedia.org/