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Perception Notes

Perception is the process by which people receive and interpret sensory information to understand and react to their environment. It involves recognizing stimuli, organizing information, and responding. Perception allows humans to gain critical information about the world through their five senses and influences how they act. When perceiving other people, attribution theory holds that people make inferences about internal characteristics and motives that cause behaviors, rather than just viewing actions as responses to external stimuli as they would with inanimate objects. Perceptions of others can be influenced by distinctiveness of behaviors across situations, consensus with others' views, and consistency of behaviors over time. However, perceptions can also be distorted through biases like stereotyping, halo effects, projection, and selective interpretation.

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Manish Singh
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898 views

Perception Notes

Perception is the process by which people receive and interpret sensory information to understand and react to their environment. It involves recognizing stimuli, organizing information, and responding. Perception allows humans to gain critical information about the world through their five senses and influences how they act. When perceiving other people, attribution theory holds that people make inferences about internal characteristics and motives that cause behaviors, rather than just viewing actions as responses to external stimuli as they would with inanimate objects. Perceptions of others can be influenced by distinctiveness of behaviors across situations, consensus with others' views, and consistency of behaviors over time. However, perceptions can also be distorted through biases like stereotyping, halo effects, projection, and selective interpretation.

Uploaded by

Manish Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Perception: Perception is the process of becoming aware of situations, of adding

meaningful association to sensation. It is defined as the process of receiving, selecting, organizing, interpreting, checking and reacting to sensory stimuli or data. It is our sensory experience of the world around us and involves both the recognition of environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli. Through the perceptual process, we gain information about properties and elements of the environment that are critical to our survival. Perception not only creates our experience of the world around us; it allows us to act within our environment. The process by which people select, organize, interpret, retrieve, and respond to information. Perceptual information is gathered from: Perception includes the five senses; touch, sight, taste smell and taste.
PERCEPTION PROCESS:-

Attribution Theory:
A perception of people differ from perception of it animates object because we make about the action of people which we dont make about non-livings things. A subject to law of nature but people have believes, motives and intention. As a result when we observe people the attempt to develop explanation why do they behave in certain way. Attribute when individual observe behavior to determine whether it is identity and externally cause. Therefore, our perception and judgment if action is significant influenced by the assumption we make about the persons internal status. The determination of cause depends on 3 factors: I. Distinctiveness II. Consensus. III. Consistency.

Observation

Interpretation
Distinctiveness

Cause of behavior High- external Low- Internal High- External Low-internal

Individual

Consensus

High- Internal Low- External 1. Distinctiveness: It refers to the individual behavior in different situations. 2. Consensus: It is the comparison between others and individual who face similar situation. 3. Consistency: It refers to reputation of the behavior of individual on the event.

Consistency

Perception Distortions or Faulty Perception: Lack of correspondence


between the way a stimulus is commonly perceived and the way an individual perceives it under given conditions.

Common perceptual distortions include:

Stereotypes or prototypes. Halo effects. Projection. Contrast effects Selectivity interpreting Self-fulfilling prophecy. Self- servicing basis
1. Stereotypes: Judging someone on the basis of a perception of the group

to which he/she belongs.


2. Halo Effects: Drawing a general impression about the individual on the

basis of single characteristics.


3. Projection: Attributing ones own characteristics to other people. 4. Contrast Effects: Evaluation of a person characteristics which are affect

by comparison whom the perceiver is recently encountered.


5. Selectivity interpreting: What one sees on the basis of o of ones of own

interest, background, experience and education.


6. Self fulfilling prophecy: A situation in which one person inaccurately

perceives the person and resulting expectations caused the way consistent with original perception.

7. Self- servicing basis: The tendency of an individual to attribute to their

own successes through internal factors while blaming for failure to external factors.

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