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37567-Harvard Style of Writing Format

The document describes the Harvard referencing style format. It discusses including in-text citations with the author's last name and date of publication. References are listed alphabetically in a reference list or bibliography at the end with complete details of the source. The format varies slightly depending on whether referencing a book, journal article, website, or other source.

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Subas Ratna Tuladhar
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96 views2 pages

37567-Harvard Style of Writing Format

The document describes the Harvard referencing style format. It discusses including in-text citations with the author's last name and date of publication. References are listed alphabetically in a reference list or bibliography at the end with complete details of the source. The format varies slightly depending on whether referencing a book, journal article, website, or other source.

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Subas Ratna Tuladhar
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Harvard Writing Style Format A Harvard essay format is based on the Harvard style of writing, a generic form that

uses the author/date style of writing within the text and a reference list or bibliography at the end of the paper/essay. 1. The basic pattern would look like this. Tom (2009) is of the opinion that apples could be yellow. This would be the author/date style. The page number could also be included if its a direct quote. It would then look like, Tom (2009, P.5) is of the opinion that apples are yellow. 2. The reference is detailed in the bibliography. The complete details would be presented here. It would look like [Authors Surname, First Name, Year of publication, Title (italicized or underlined), Publisher, Place of publication]. This format would apply to a book that probably does not have an online presence. The bibliography could contain more than one author for the works, editors, sponsored text, and reference without authors. 3. A thesis is more organized and assignment details are more in order. For example, the reference would be [Authors Last Name, First name, year of submission, title, degree, institutions name, and location of the institution]. 4. The Harvard essay format is used for article writing when specified. The format would appear like [Authors last name, First name, Year of publication, Title, Name of the periodical published in, Volume number, Issue number, Page number]. An example of referencing using in an article would be Tom, AJ (2009), Apples Are Yellow, Organic Apples, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 136-139. 5. The format could be used for websites and to reference electronic documents or Ebooks. The format changes a bit and it would look like [Authors last name, First name, date of publication, title, edition, type of medium, viewing date, and URL]. If the date of publication and URL are not available, omit them. 6. In the text of the essay, reference material would generally appear at the end of the sentence. For example, Tom is of the opinion that apples could be yellow (Tom, 2009). Since the authors name is included in the text, it could also be written as Tom (2009) is of the opinion that apples could be yellow. Other details would vary as per available information.

7. A very important point to note is that if a list of references would detail information only on those works cited within the text, while a bibliography would also include details of sources which might not be cited in-text but may be relevant to the topic. 8. The bibliography should contain references listed alphabetically, beginning with the authors last name. If a name is not available, the title would take over. Following is a sample of a Bibliography from a Harvard style paper: 1) Baycan-Levent, T. and Nijkamp, P. (2006), Migrant Female Entrepreneurship: Driving Forces, Motivation and Performance, Serie Research Memoranda, No. 18, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Center for Entrepreneurship, pp. 1-31. Available at: ftp://zappa.ubvu.vu.nl/20060018.pdf (last accessed February 27, 2009). Encyclopdia Britannica (2009), Caen, Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/88056/Caen (last accessed April 23, 2009). Clavel, F. (2008), Women can break the glass ceiling by creating their own businesses, though help may be needed, OECD Observer, No. 267, May-June. Available at: http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/2614/Femmes_d_affaires.ht ml (last accessed February 27, 2009). Constant, A. (2004), Immigrant versus Native Businesswomen: Proclivity and Performance, Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA discussion paper [No. 1234], August. Available at: (last accessed http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=574066 January 02, 2009). Dinh, B. and Mung, E.M. (2008), French Migratory Policy and Immigrant Entrepreneurship, Migraes #3, October, pp. 85-97. EMN (2005), Female Participation in Microloan Programmes in Western Europe, EMN European Conference, October. Fairlie, R.W. (2005), Entrepreneurship among Disadvantaged Groups: An Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Employment by Gender, Race, and Education, in Parker, S.C., Acs, Z.J. and Audretsch, D.R. (Eds.), Handbook of Entrepreneurship, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Fuller-Love, N., Lim, L. and Akehurst, G. (2006), Guest Editorial: Female and Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Management, Vol. 2, pp. 429-439. Gnisci, D. (2008), West African Mobility and OECD Migration Policies, OECD Publishing, pp. 140. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/document/37/0,3343,en_38233741_38247095_41481445_1 _1_1_1,00.html (last accessed February 27, 2009).

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