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Introduction To Glass

Glass is an amorphous solid made from a mixture of metallic silicates, usually including an alkali metal like sodium or potassium. It is transparent or translucent and does not have a defined crystal structure. The most common type of glass is soda-lime glass, made from silica, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, and other additives. Glass has been used for engineering purposes for centuries but has become the most versatile engineering material today due to advances in glass technology. Glass can be produced in various types and qualities to suit different industrial needs.

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Pd Mobi
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247 views

Introduction To Glass

Glass is an amorphous solid made from a mixture of metallic silicates, usually including an alkali metal like sodium or potassium. It is transparent or translucent and does not have a defined crystal structure. The most common type of glass is soda-lime glass, made from silica, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, and other additives. Glass has been used for engineering purposes for centuries but has become the most versatile engineering material today due to advances in glass technology. Glass can be produced in various types and qualities to suit different industrial needs.

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Pd Mobi
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO GLASS : IT IS A MIXTURE OF NUMBER OF METTALIC SILICATE, ONE OF WHICH IS USUALLY THAT OF AN ALKALI METAL.

MOST IMPORTANT FACT ABOUT GLASS IS IT IS AMORPHOUS, TRANSPARENT OR TRANSLUCENT.

The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silica (SiO2) plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives.
THE GLASS HAS BEEN USED AS AN ENGINEERING MATERIAL SINCE ANCIENT TIMES. BUT BECAUSE OF THE RAPID PROGRESS MADE IN THE GLASS INDUSTRY IN RECENT TIMES, THE GLASS HAS COME OUT AS THE MOST VERSATILE ENGINEERING MATERIAL OF THE MODERN TIMES. WITH THE HELP OF TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED IN THE GLASS INDUSTRY, THE GLASS OF ANY TYPE AND QUALITY CAN BE PRODUCED TO SUIT THE REQUIREMENTS OF DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES CLASSIFICATION OF GLASS: BASED ON THE MATERIAL USED DURING THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS, THE GLASS CAN MAINLY BE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES: SODA-LIME GLASS POTASH-LIME GLASS POTASH-LEAD GLASS COMMON GLASS THE COMPOSITION OF THE GLASS OF ABOVE TYPE IS AS FOLLOWS:

TYPE SODA-LIME GLASS POTASH-LIME GLASS POTASH LEAD GLASS

COMPOSITION Na2O K2O K2O CaO CaO PbO 6SiO2 6SiO2 6SiO2

Colored class

NO 1

COLOUR BLUE

SUBSTANCE COBALT OXIDE, CUPRIC OXIDE (CuO ) COBALT, MANGNESE AND IRON OXIDES

DARK BLUE OR DARK BROWN OR DARK VOILET GREEN

FERRIC OXIDE ( Fe3O4 ), CHROMIUM OXIDE ( Cr2O3) CUPROUS OXIDE ( Cu2O ), METALLIC GOLD MANGANESE DIOXIDE ( MnO2) TIN OXIDE, CALCIUM PHOSPHORATE [Ca3( PO4 )2 ]

RED

5 6

VOILET WHITE OPAQUE

YELLOW OR BROWN

ANTIMONY TRISULPHATE ( Sb2S3 ), CHARCOAL, SILVER BORATE, ETC.

Manufacture of glass:

Collection of raw material Preparation of batch Melting in furnace Fabrication Annealing

Collection of raw material: The material of glass defers according to the requirement and the use of glass. Broadly the materials according to the type can be listed as: No. Type Of Glass Raw material

Soda-Lime glass Potash Lime Glass Potash Lead Glass

Chalk, Soda ash and clean sand

Chalk, Potassium carbonate, and clean sand

Litharge ( Lead Mono Oxide PbO ), lead sesquioxide ( Pb3O4 ), Potassium Carbonate and Pure sand Chalk, Salt Cake ( Na2SO4 ), Coke, Ordinary Sand, Etc.

Common Glass

SPECIAL VARITIES OF GLASS: SAFETY GLASS

PERFORATED GLASS

SHIELDING GLASS

SOLUBLE GLASS

STRUCTURAL GLASS

ULTRA VOILET RAY GLASS

WIRED GLASS

BULLET PROOF GLASS

FIBRE GLASS

FLOAT GLASS

FOAM GLASS

GLASS BLOCKS

HEAT EXCLUDING GLASS

OBSCURED GLASS

BULLET-PROOF GLASS: THIS GLASS IS MADE OF SEVERAL LAYERS OF GLASS AND ALTERNATE LAYERS CONSIST OF VINYL-RESIN PLASTIC. THE OUTER LAYERS OF PLATE GLASS ARE MADE THINNER THAN THE INNER LAYERS. THE SPECIAL CARE IS TO BE TAKEN FOR HEATING AND COOLING OF LAYERS DURING MANUFACTURE. THE THICKNESS OF THIS TYPE OF GLASS MAY VARY FROM 15 MM TO 75 MM OR MORE. IT WILL NOT ALLOW BULLET TO PIERCE THROUGH IT MORE OVER IT DOES NOT SCATTERS.

Barack Obamas election night speech was made behind bullet proof glass. This was apparently to intercept any bullet shots from potential assassins. The glass was expansive and strategicallyplaced as to protect him from bullets that may be fired even from skyscrapers that tower beside the venue. This is just at Obamas hometown of Chicago

Bulletproof helmet.
Specification for comprehensive bulletproof helmet: 1.100% bulletproof the whole area of helmet is bulletproof, and 20~30% more efficient than the traditional ones. 2. Fast wearable the adjustable system of special design has helmet weared faster and conveniently. 3. Light weight none metal screw inside the helmet makes it lighter. 4. Integrated structure none mounting hole and rags inside the helmet ensure the protecting level.

Coca-Cola Glass 2006 FIFA World Cup


A special edition Coca-Cola Glass for the 2006 FIFA Football World Cup.

A modern greenhouse in Wisley Garden, England, made from float glass

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