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Subnet Masking: 1 Logical AND

The document discusses subnetting IP networks. It explains that subnetting can be used to control network traffic and improve performance by separating traffic over different network segments. It also describes how a subnet mask is used to identify the network and node portions of an IP address in order to determine the network address or number.

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Maesheen Baldidoy
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73 views5 pages

Subnet Masking: 1 Logical AND

The document discusses subnetting IP networks. It explains that subnetting can be used to control network traffic and improve performance by separating traffic over different network segments. It also describes how a subnet mask is used to identify the network and node portions of an IP address in order to determine the network address or number.

Uploaded by

Maesheen Baldidoy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subnetting an IP Network can be done for a variety of reasons, including organization, use of

different physical media (such as Ethernet, FDDI, WAN, etc.), preservation of address space,
and security. The most common reason is to control network traffic. In an Ethernet network, all
nodes on a segment see all the packets transmitted by all the other nodes on that segment.
Performance can be adversely affected under heavy traffic loads, due to collisions and the
resulting retransmissions. A router is used to connect IP networks to minimize the amount of
traffic each segment must receive.

Subnet Masking
Applying a subnet mask to an IP address allows you to identify the network and node
parts of the address. The network bits are represented by the 1s in the mask, and the
node bits are represented by the 0s. Performing a bitwise logical AND operation
between the IP address and the subnet mask results in the Network Address or
Number.
For example, using our test IP address and the default Class B subnet mask, we get:
10001100.10110011.11110000.11001000
140.179.240.200
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
255.255.000.000
Subnet Mask
-------------------------------------------------------10001100.10110011.00000000.00000000
140.179.000.000

Class B IP Address
Default Class B
Network Address

Default subnet masks:

Class A - 255.0.0.0 - 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000


Class B - 255.255.0.0 - 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Class C - 255.255.255.0 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Subnetting an IP Network can be done for a variety of reasons, including organization, use of
different physical media (such as Ethernet, FDDI, WAN, etc.), preservation of address space,
and security. The most common reason is to control network traffic. In an Ethernet network, all
nodes on a segment see all the packets transmitted by all the other nodes on that segment.
Performance can be adversely affected under heavy traffic loads, due to collisions and the
resulting retransmissions. A router is used to connect IP networks to minimize the amount of
traffic each segment must receive.

Subnet Masking
Applying a subnet mask to an IP address allows you to identify the network and node
parts of the address. The network bits are represented by the 1s in the mask, and the
node bits are represented by the 0s. Performing a bitwise logical AND operation

between the IP address and the subnet mask results in the Network Address or
Number.
For example, using our test IP address and the default Class B subnet mask, we get:
10001100.10110011.11110000.11001000
140.179.240.200
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
255.255.000.000
Subnet Mask
-------------------------------------------------------10001100.10110011.00000000.00000000
140.179.000.000

Class B IP Address
Default Class B
Network Address

Default subnet masks:

Class A - 255.0.0.0 - 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000


Class B - 255.255.0.0 - 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Class C - 255.255.255.0 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Allowed Class A Subnet and Host IP addresses

# bits Subnet Mask

CIDR # Subnets # Hosts

Nets * Hosts

255.192.0.0

/10

4194302 8388604

255.224.0.0

/11

2097150 12582900

255.240.0.0

/12

14

1048574 14680036

255.248.0.0

/13

30

524286

15728580

255.252.0.0

/14

62

262142

16252804

255.254.0.0

/15

126

131070

16514820

255.255.0.0

/16

254

65534

16645636

255.255.128.0

/17

510

32766

16710660

10

255.255.192.0

/18

1022

16382

16742404

11

255.255.224.0

/19

2046

8190

16756740

12

255.255.240.0

/20

4094

4094

16760836

13

255.255.248.0

/21

8190

2046

16756740

14

255.255.252.0

/22

16382

1022

16742404

15

255.255.254.0

/23

32766

510

16710660

16

255.255.255.0

/24

65534

254

16645636

17

255.255.255.128 /25

131070

126

16514820

18

255.255.255.192 /26

262142

62

16252804

19

255.255.255.224 /27

524286

30

15728580

20

255.255.255.240 /28

1048574

14

14680036

21

255.255.255.248 /29

2097150

12582900

22

255.255.255.252 /30

4194302

8388604

Allowed Class B Subnet and Host IP addresses

# bits Subnet Mask

CIDR # Subnets # Hosts Nets * Hosts

255.255.192.0

/18

16382

32764

255.255.224.0

/19

8190

49140

255.255.240.0

/20

14

4094

57316

255.255.248.0

/21

30

2046

61380

255.255.252.0

/22

62

1022

63364

255.255.254.0

/23

126

510

64260

255.255.255.0

/24

254

254

64516

255.255.255.128 /25

510

126

64260

10

255.255.255.192 /26

1022

62

63364

11

255.255.255.224 /27

2046

30

61380

12

255.255.255.240 /28

4094

14

57316

13

255.255.255.248 /29

8190

49140

14

255.255.255.252 /30

16382

32764

Allowed Class C Subnet and Host IP addresses

# bits Subnet Mask

CIDR # Subnets # Hosts Nets * Hosts

255.255.255.192 /26

62

124

255.255.255.224 /27

30

180

255.255.255.240 /28

14

14

196

255.255.255.248 /29

30

180

255.255.255.252 /30

62

124

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