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27

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-------------------28

--------------------

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29

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bnkuhe~ vkoka fe=ks Lo%A

Nk=kk%! ;w;a d oqQq #Fk\

vkpk;s!Z o;a xPNke%A
;w;a oqQ=k xPNFk\
o;a lHkkxkja xPNke%A
;q"ekoaQ iqLrdkfu oqQ=k lfUr\
vLekoaQ iqLrdkfu v=k lfUrA

f'k{kd%
Nk=kkS
f'k{kd%
Nk=kkS

Nk=kkS! ;qoka d oqQ#Fk%\

vkpk;Z! vkoka 'yksoQa xk;ko%A
'kksHkue~] d ;qoka 'yksoQa u fy[kFk%\
vkoka fy[kko%] iBko%] xk;ko%]
fp=kkf.k vfi jp;ko%A
f'k{kd% & cgq'kksHkue~A
loZuke&iz;ksx%

&
&
&
&

33

'kCnkFkkZ%
l. kd;U=kkf.k
vLekde~
o;e~ (loZuke)
ro
ee
Roe~ (loZuke)
vge~ (loZuke)
,o (vO;;)
vfi (vO;;)
bnkuhe~ (vO;;)
vkoke~ (loZuke)
fe=ks (uiq-a )
Lo%
;w;e~ (loZuke)
vkpk;s!Z
;q"ekde~
oqQ=k
lHkkxkje~
;qoke~ (loZuke)
vkpk;Z!
'kksHkue~
xk;ko%
jp;ko%
34

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

(vusd) dEI;wVj
gekjk@ge yksxksa dk
ge lc
rsjk
esjk
rqe
eSa
gh
Hkh
vc@bl le;
ge nksuksa
(nks) fe=k
(ge nksuks)a gSa
rqe lc
f'kf{kdk (lEcks/u)
rqEgkjk@rqe yksxksa dk
dgk
lHkkxkj dks
rqe nksuksa
xq#@f'k{kd (lEcks/u)
vPNk
(ge nks) xkrs gS@a xkrh gSa
(ge nks) cukrs gS@a cukrh gSa
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
vge~

vkoke~

o;e~

eke~

vkoke~

vLeku~

ee

vko;ks%

vLekde~

Roe~

;qoke~

;w;e~

Roke~

;qoke~

;q"eku~

ro

;qo;ks%

;q"ekde~

2- funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vga iBkfeA

&

(cgqopus)

&

o;a iBke%A

(d) vga u`R;kfeA

&

(cgqopus)

&

--------------------------------

([k) Roa iBflA

&

(cgqopus)

&

--------------------------------

(x) ;qoka hMFk%A

&

(,dopus)

&

--------------------------------

(?k) vkoka xPNko%A

&

(cgqopus)

&

--------------------------------

() vLekda iqLrdkfuA &

(,dopus)

&

--------------------------------

(p) ro x`ge~A

(f}opus)

&

--------------------------------

loZuke&iz;ksx%

&

35

3- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) -------------------- iBkfeA (o;e~@vge~)
([k) -------------------- xPNFk%A (;qoke~@;w;e~)
(x) ,rr~ -------------------- iqLrde~A (eke~@ee)
(?k) -------------------- hMudkfuA (;q"eku~@;q"ekde~)
() -------------------- Nk=ks Lo%A (o;e~@vkoke~)
(p) ,"kk -------------------- ys[kuhA (ro@Roke~)
4- f;kinS% okD;kfu iwj;r&
iBfl

/koke%

xPNko%

hMFk%

fy[kkfe

i';Fk

;Fkk& vga iBkfeA

(d) Roa --------------------([k) vkoka ----------------(x) ;w;a -------------------(?k) vgaa ------------------() ;qoka ------------------(p) o;a -------------------36

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

5- mfprinS% okD;fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

ee

ro

vko;ks%

;qo;ks%

vLekde~

;q"ekde~

;Fkk& ,"kk ee iqfLrdkA

(d) ,rr~ ------------------------ x`ge~A
([k) ------------------------ eS=kh n`<kA
(x) ,"k% ------------------------ fo|ky;%A
(?k) ,"kk ------------------------ v;kfidkA
() Hkkjre~ ------------------------ ns'k%A
(p) ,rkfu ------------------------ iqLrdkfuA
6- ,dopuinL; cgqopuina] cgqopuinL; ,dopuina p fy[kr&
;Fkk& ,"k%

,rs

(d) l%

------------

([k) rk%

------------

(x) ,rk%

------------

(?k) Roe~

------------

() vLekde~

------------

(p) ro

------------

(N) ,rkfu

------------

loZuke&iz;ksx%

37

7- okrkZykis fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& fiz;o
a nk & 'koqQURkys! Roa d djksf"k\
'koqQUryk & fiz;oa ns! ------------------ u`R;kfe] ------------------ d djksf"k\
fiz;o
a nk & 'koqQURkys! ------------------ xk;kfeA d ------------------ u xk;fl\
'koqQUryk & fiz;oa ns! ------------------ u xk;kfeA ------------------ rq u`R;kfeA
fiz;o
a nk & 'koqQURkys! d ------------------ ekrk u`R;frA
'koqQUryk & vke~] ------------------ ekrk vfi u`R;frA
fiz;o
a nk & lk/q] ------------------ pyko%A
8- mi;qDrsu vFksuZ lg ;kst;r&

38

'kCn%

vFkZ%

lk

rqe nksuksa dk

rkfu

rqe lc

vLekde~

esjk

;w;e~

og (L=khfy)

vkoke~

rqEgkjk

ee

os (uiql
a dfy)

;qo;ks%

ge nksuksa

ro

gekjk

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

ipe% ikB%
f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`Vy
~ dkj% p

vfHkuo%
ef.kdk
vfHkuo%
izHkkr%
ef.kdk
vfHkuo%

&
&
&
&
&
&

ef.kosQ! izHkkr! ;qoka oqQ=k xPNFk%\

vfHkuo! vkoka tUrq'kkyka xPNko%A
r=k ;qoka d d nz{;Fk%\
r=k vkoke~ vusdku~ i'kwu~ nz{;ko%A
d r=k lgk%] HkYywdk%] gfj.kk% lfUr\
vke~] r=k okujk%] xtk%] x.Mdk%] edjk%] O;k?kzk% vfi lfUrA
r=k ;qoka 'k'kdku~] 'kYydha] ukukfokku~ [kxku~ vfi nz{;Fk%A

izHkkr% & vfHkuo! d tUrq'kkyk;ka likZ% vfi Hkfo";fUr\

vfHkuo% & izHkkr! r=k ukxk%] vtxjk%] ".klikZ%] vU;s p fofo/k% likZ%
Hkfo";fUrA
ef.kdk & izHkkr! bnkuhe~ vkoka tUrq'kkyka xfe";ko%A
(mHkkS tUrq'kkyka izfo'kr%] fofo/ku~ tUrwu]~ [kxku~ p i';r%A)
ef.kdk & izHkkr! vkoke~ bnkuha JkUrkS] v/quk foJkea dfj";ko%A
izHkkr% & ef.kosQ! v=k vYikgkjx`ge~ vfi Hkfo";frA r=k xPNko%A
(mHkkS vYikgkjx`ga xPNr%)
ef.kdk & izHkkr! v=k fe"Vkkfu] 'khryis;kfu p lfUrA

izHkkr%

& 'kksHkue~] v/quk vkoka fe"Vkkfu [kkfn";ko%] 'khryis;kfu p

ikL;ko%A rr% x`ga pfy";ko%A

'kCnkFkkZ%
nz{;Fk%
lg%
HkYywd%
gfj.k%
40

&
&
&
&

(rqe nksuks)a ns[kksx@s ns[kksxh

'ksj
Hkkyw
fgj.k
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

xtk%
x.Mdk%
edjk%
O;k?kzk%
'k'kdku~
'kYydhe~
ukukfo/ku~ [kxku~
likZ%
ukxk%
vtxjk%
".klikZ%
izfo'kr%
JkUrkS
r=k (vO;;)
vkquk
fe"Vkkfu
'khryis;kfu
rr% (vO;;)

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

(vusd) gkFkh
(vusd) xs.Mk
(vusd) exjePN
(vusd) ck?k
[kjxks'kksa dks
lkgh dks
vusd izdkj osQ if{k;ksa dks
(vusd) lki
(vusd) ukx
(vusd) vtxj
(vusd) dkys lki
(os nksuks)a izo's k djrs gS@a djrh gSa
(nks) FkosQ gq,
ogk
vc
feBkb;k
'khryis;
mlosQ ckn

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) ckyde~
jkee~
Nk=kk
ekyk
iq"ie~
O;tue~
f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`V~ydkj% p

ckydkS
jkekS
Nk=ks
ekys
iq"is
O;tus

ckydku~
jkeku~
Nk=kk%
ekyk%
iq"ikf.k
O;tukfu
41

([k)

[kkfn";fr
ysf[k";fl
dfj";kfe
uaL;fr
ikL;fl
xfe";kfe

[kkfn";r%
ysf[k";Fk%
dfj";ko%
uaL;r%
ikL;Fk%
xfe";ko%

[kkfn";fUr
ysf[k";Fk
dfj";ke%
uaL;fUr
ikL;Fk
xfe";ke%

2- dks"BosQ"kq iznk'kCns"kq mi;qDrfoHkfDar ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& vga jksfVdka [kkfn";kfeA (jksfVdk)
(d) Roa ----------------- ficflA (nqX/)
([k) Nk=k% ----------------- nz{;frA (nwjn'kZu)
(x) rk% ----------------- ysf[k";fUrA (dFkk)
(?k) o;a ----------------- xk;ke%A (dfork)
() "kdk% ----------------- oifUrA (cht)
(p) lk ----------------- xfe";frA (iqLrdky;)
3- fp=kkf.k vk/`R; okD;kfu iwj;r&

tuk% ----------------- uefUrA

42

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

ckfyosQ ----------------- /kj;r%A

,"kk ----------------- vfLrA

e`xk% ----------------- pjfUrA

ckydk% ----------------- [kknfUrA

4- v/ksfyf[krku~ 'kCnku~ vk/`R; lkFkZdkfu okD;kfu jp;r&

vtk%

f'kf{kdka

uaL;r%

o;a

ys[ka

jp;ke%

ckydkS

r`.ka

ifB";ko%

vkoka

dFkka

pfj";fUr

ROka

iqLroaQ

dFkf;";fl

jke%

fp=ka

ysf[k";fr

f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`V~ydkj% p

43

;Fkk& vtk%
(d) --------------------

r`.ka
--------------------

pfj";fUrA
--------------------

([k) -------------------(x) --------------------

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

(?k) -------------------() --------------------

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

5- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

,dopue~
;Fkk& dforke~
-----------------------

f}opue~

cgqopue~

dfors

dfork%
------------

iqLrosQ
------------

e;wjku~
------------

------------

"kde~
------------

------------

ine~

------------

r`.kkfu
------------

6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

iq#"k%
;Fkk& izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
44

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

ifB";fr

ifB";r%
----------------

ifB";fURk
----------------

----------------

[kkfn";ke%

[kkfn";fl
----------------

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

izFkeiq#"k%

-----------------------

e;eiq#"k%

-----------------------

ysf[k";r%
-----------------------

mkeiq#"k%

xfe";kfe

-----------------------

----------------------uaL;Fk
-----------------------

7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja okD;kfu jp;r&

,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
;Fkk& Nk=k% dFkka ifB";frA Nk=kkS dFks ifB";r%A Nk=kk% dFkk% ifB";fUrA
(d) Roa ys[ka ysf[k";flA ------------------------------A ------------------------------A
([k) ------------------------------A ckys oL=ks /kjf;";r%A ------------------------------A
(x) ------------------------------A ------------------------------A ekykdkjk% ekyk% jpf;";fUrA
(?k) vga iqLroaQ ifB";kfeA ------------------------------A ------------------------------A
() ------------------------------A ------------------------------A ckydk% iQykfu [kkfn";fUrA
8- laokns fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& jek & yrs! d Roa fo|ky;a xfe";fl\
yrk & jes! vga ------------------------- u ------------------------A vga rq nsoky;a
----------------------A
jek & yrs! d Roa izfrfnua nsoky;a ----------------------\
yrk & vke~! vga --------------------- nsoky;a -------------------A r=k vga izlkna
----------------------A Roa dnk nsoky;a ----------------------\
jek & vga izfrfnua lk;a nsoky;a ----------------------A izkr% rq fo|ky;a
----------------------A r=k iqLrdkfu ----------------------A
f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`V~ydkj% p

45

"k"B% ikB%

vga uekfe
vga uekfe ekrje~
xq#a uekfe lknje~ AA1AA
Lo;a iBkfe loZnk
fiz;a onkfe loZnk AA2AA
fgra djksfe loZnk
'kqHka djksfe loZnk AA3AA
gfja uekfe lknje~
xq#a uekfe lknje~ AA4AA
pykfe uhfr&lRiFks
gjkfe ekr`Hkw&O;Fkke~ AA5AA
n/kfe lk/qrkozre~
l`tkfe dhfrZlRdFkke~ AA6AA
izHkqa tikfe lknje~
vga uekfe ekrje~ AA7AA
bPNkjke f}osnh ^iz.ko%*

'kCnkFkkZ%
lknje~
uhfrlRiFks
ekr`Hkw&O;Fkke~
lk/qrkozre~
gjkfe
n/kfe
l`tkfe
dhfrZlRdFkke~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

vknj osQ lkFk

uhfr osQ lPps jkLrs ij
ekr`Hkwfe dh O;Fkk dks
lTturk osQ ozr dks
gj.k djrk gw@ djrh gw] nwj djrk gw@ djrh gw
/kj.k djrk gw@ djrh gw
jpuk djrk gw@ djrh gw
;'k dh lPph dgkuh dks

vH;kl%
1- ,rka dforka lLoja xk;rA
2- dfork;k% fuEufyf[krklq if"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ---------------------- iBkfe loZnkA
([k) fgra ---------------------- loZnkA
(x) pykfe uhfr ----------------------A
(?k) n/kfe ---------------------- ozre~A
() izHkqa ---------------------- lknje~A
vga uekfe

47

3- ,d'kCnsu mkja fy[kr&

(d) vga oaQ uekfe\
([k) vga izHkqa dFka tikfe\
(x) vga d gjkfe\
(?k) vga d ozra n/kfe\
() vga d l`tkfe\
4- ,rS% f;kinS% okD;kfu jp;r&
uekfe

pykfe

iBkfe

tikfe

l`tkfe

djksfe

5- LodYiuka ROkk okD;kfu jp;r&

;Fkk& vga

fp=ka

l`tkfeA

(d) o;a

-------------------

------------------- A

([k) -------------------

-------------------

onkfeA

(x) vga

-------------------

------------------- A

(?k) -------------------

-------------------

pyke%A

() Roa

-------------------

------------------- A

48

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

6- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) Roa fuR;a dka uefl\
([k) Roa Lo;a d d djksf"k\
(x) Roa dL;k% O;Fkka gfj";fl\
(?k) Roa d ozra /kj;fl\
() Roa d l`tfl\
7- etw"kkr% leqfprina x`ghRok okD;a iwj;r&
;w;e~

ckydkS

Roe~

o;e~

ckfydk%

(d) -------------------------- ikia gjflA

([k) -------------------------- x`gkdk; oqQ#r%A
(x) -------------------------- fp=kkf.k l`tFkA
(?k) -------------------------- jk"Vxhra xk;ke%A
() -------------------------- nsoha uefUrA

;krO;e~&
f'k{kosQu lLojxkuk; iz;kl% dj.kh;%A

vga uekfe

49

lIre% ikB%

leqnrz V%
r`rh;k&prqFkhZ&foHkfDr%

,"k% leqnrz V% vfLrA iz.ko% v=k fe=kS% lg hMfrA l% ckyqdkfHk% x`ga

jp;frA ckydk% dUnqoQs u hMfUrA rs iknsu dUnqda f{kifUrA osQpu rj%S lg
hMfUrA vijs rj%S lkoaQ leqPNyfUrA v=k vusdk% ukSdk% vfi lfUrA
khojS% lg i;ZVdk% ukSdkfHk% leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUrA
osQpu tuk% izkr% leqnaz xPNfUrA r=k lkko%
equ;% p LukfUrA HkDrk% nsoky;a xPNfUrA r=k rs
nsoHs ;% nsohH;% p iq"ikf.k viZ;fUr izkFkZ;fUr p&
ueks nsoHs ;% losHZ ;%
ikyosQH;ks ueks ue%A
vf[kykH;% ifo=kkH;%
nsohH;'p ueks ue%AA

rr% ija iwtd% losHZ ;% izlkna ;PNfr] mifn'kfr p&

Jks=ka JqrsuSo u oqQ.Mysu
nkusu ikf.kuZ rq d. ksuA
foHkkfr dk;% d#.kkijk.kka
ijksidkjSuZ rq pUnusuAA

rr% tuk% f}pfd;k] ;kusu] iknkH;ka ok Lo Lo x`ga izfr xPNfUrA

'kCnkFkkZ%
ckyqdkfHk%
jp;fr
iknsu
f{kifUr
osQpu (vO;;)
rj%S
vijs
lkde~ (vO;;)
leqPNyfUr
vusdk%
khojS%
i;ZVdk%
leqnzrV%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

jsrksa ls
cukrk gS@cukrh gS
(,d) iSj ls
isQa drs gS@a isQa drh gSa
oqQN
ygjksa ls
nwljs
lkFk
mNyrs gS@a mNyrh gSa
cgqr lh
eYykgksa osQ lkFk
(vusd) i;ZVd@lSykuh
51

LukfUr
viZ;fUr
vf[kykH;% ifo=kkH;%
nsohH;%
rr% ija
iwtd%
;PNfr
mifn'kfr
Jks=ke~
Jqrus o
S (Jqrus $,o)
ikf.k%
d.ksu
foHkkfr
dk;%
d#.kkijk.kke~
ijksidkjS% (ij$midkjS%)
f}pfd;k
iknkH;ke~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

ugkrs gS@a ugkrh gSa

p<+krs gS@a p<krh gSa
leLr ifo=k
nsfo;ksa dks
mlosQ ckn
iwtkjh
nsrk gS@nsrh gS
mins'k nsrk gS@nsrh gS
dku
lquus ls gh@'kkL=kksa dks lquus ls
gkFk
oaQxu ls
'kksHkk ikrk gS@ikrh gS
'kjhj
n;k ls Hkjs gq, dk@Hkjh gqbZ dh
nwljksa osQ midkjksa ls
lkbfdy ls
nksuksa iSjksa ls

vH;kl%
1- ekSf[kde~ mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) nsok;
bZ'ojk;
ckyk;
iQyk;
52

nsokH;ke~~
bZ'ojkH;ke~
ckykH;ke~
iQykH;ke~

nsoHs ;%
bZ'ojsH;%
ckysH;%
iQysH;%
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

([k) ukSd;k
f}pfd;k
pVd;k
ckyqd;k
(x) iknsu
deysu
nsous
iq"is.k

ukSdkH;ke~
f}pfdkH;ke~
pVdkH;ke~
ckyqdkH;ke~
iknkH;ke~
deykH;ke~
nsokH;ke~
iq"ikH;ke~

ukSdkfHk%
f}pfdkfHk%
pVdkfHk%
ckyqdkfHk%
iknS%
deyS%
nso%S
iq"iS%

(?k) f'kf{kdk;S
yrk;S
ekyk;S
ukSdk;S

f'kf{kdkH;ke~
yrkH;ke~
ekykH;ke~~
ukSdkH;ke~

f'kf{kdkH;%
yrkH;%
ekykH;%
ukSdkH;%

2- ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r&
nhid%

iks"k.kk;

hMude~

nkuk;

/ue~

izdk'kk;

ijksidkj%

[ksyuk;

nqX/e~

iq.;k;

3- prqFkhZ&foHkfDriz;ksx.s k okD;kfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& ijksidkj% iq.;k; HkofrA (iq.;)
(d) -------------------- ue%A (f'k{kd)
([k) lqj's k% -------------------- iqLrda ;PNfrA (fe=k)
leqnzrV%

53

(x) lTtuk% -------------------- thofUrA (ijksidkj)

(?k) ekrk -------------------- va nnkfrA (fHk{kqd)
() ijihMue~ -------------------- HkofrA (iki)
4- r`rh;k&foHkfDriz;ksx.s k okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& ih;w"k% fe=ks.k lg xPNfrA (fe=k)
(d) ckfydk% -------------------- lg iBfUrA (ckyd)
([k) rMkx% -------------------- foHkkfrA (dey)
(x) vgefi -------------------- [ksykfeA (dUnqd)
(?k) v'ok% -------------------- lg kkofUrA (v'o)
() e`xk% -------------------- lg pjfUrA (e`x)
5- mkjs"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ckydk% osQu dUnqda f{kifUr\
mkje~ & ckydk% -------------------- dUnqoQa f{kifUrA
([k) vijs oSQ% lkoaQ leqPNyfUr\
mkje~ & vijs -------------------- lkoaQ leqPNyfUrA
(x) i;ZVdk% dkfHk% leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUr\
mkje~ & i;ZVdk% -------------------- leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUrA
54

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

(?k) dLeS ue%\

mkje~ & -------------------- ue%A
() HkDrk% osQH;% iq"ikf.k viZ;fUr\
mkje~ & HkDrk% -------------------- iq"ikf.k viZ;fUrA
(p) dkH;% ueks ue%\
mkje~ & -------------------- ueks ue%A
6- dks"Bdkr~ mfpriniz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) lhrk ------------------ lg oua xPNfrA (jke%@jkes.k)
([k) /fud% ------------------ /ua nnkfrA (fu/Zue~@fu/Zuk;)
(x) cky% ------------------ lg fo|ky;a xPNfr (tuosQu@tudk;)
(?k) vga ------------------ hMk{ks=ka xPNkfeA (f}pfdk;k%@f}pfd;k)
() iz/kukpk;Z% ------------------ ikfjrksf"koaQ nnkfrA (Nk=kk.kke~@Nk=ksH;%)
7- funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk&

leqnzrV%

nsoHs ;%

&

(L=khfys)

Nk=kk;S

&

(iqf Yys)

nsohH;%
--------------------

rjs.k

&

(cgqopus)s

--------------------

bZ'ojsH;%

&

(,dopus)s

--------------------

dUnqoQs u

&

(f}opus)s

--------------------

uk;osQH;%

&

(L=khfys)

-------------------55

;krO;e~&

'kjhjkk uka ifjp;%

yykVe~
us=ke~
d.kZ%
ukfldk
v/j%
LdU/%

osQ'k%
Hkzw%
duhfudk
diksy%
d.B%
o{k%LFkye~

mnje~
gLr%
ukfHk%
u[k%
#%
v

qy
~x

tkuq%

xqYiQ%
pj.k%

56

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

v"Ve% ikB%
ipeh&"k"Bh&foHkfDr%

vLekoaQ fo|ky;%

vLekoaQ fo|ky;% xzkeL; lehis vfLrA izkr% Nk=kk% ee xzkekr~ fo|ky;e~

vkxPNfUrA vU;sH;% xzkesH;% vfi Nk=kk% v=k iBuk; lekxPNfUrA fo|ky;L;
izkFkZuk&lHkk vrho euksjek vfLrA izkFkZuklHkk;k% vuUrja ckydk% ckfydk% p
fo|ky;%

Lo&Lo&d{kka xPNfUrA rs f'k{kosQH;% fofo/fo"k;ku~ iBfUrA fo|ky;L;

iqLrdky;kr~ Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA r=k rs lekpkji=kkf.k vfi iBfUrA
iqLrdkuke~ v;;usu KkuL; fodkl% HkofrA
fo|ky;L; iqjr% ,de~ m|kue~ vfLrA m|kuL; 'kksHkk vrho je.kh;kA
v=k iq"ik.kka cgo% izdkjk% lfUrA rs"kke~ mifj Hkzejk% xqtfUrA rs iq"ik.kka jla
ficfUrA r=k [kxkuka dyowQtue~ vfrlq[kna HkofrA

fo|ky;L; hMk{ks=ke~ vfrfo'kkye~ vfLrA v=k Nk=kk% u osQoya hMkdkyka'ks

vfi rq vodk'kkr~ ije~ vfi hMfUrA hMkf'k{kdkr~ rs hMkfuiq.krke~
vfkxPNfUrA vLekoaQ fo|ky;s v;;usu hMusu p Nk=kk.kka 'kkjhfjd%
ekufld% p fodkl% HkofrA
fo|;k fou;su p lEik% LoLFkk% Nk=kk% ,o lektL; ns'kL; p lsoka
oqQq oZfUrA mDrp&
fo|k nnkfr fou;a fou;k|kfr ik=krke~ A
ik=kRokn~ /uekIuksfr /ukn~ /e rr% lq[ke~ AA

'kCnkFkkZ%
vU;sH;% xzkesH;%
lekxPNfUr
vrho
euksjek (L=kh-)
Lo&Lo&d{kke~
58

&
&
&
&
&

nwljs xkoksa ls
vkrs gS@a vkrh gSa
vR;Ur
lqUnj
viuh viuh d{kkvksa dks (es)a
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

fofo/fo"k;ku~
vku;fUr
iqjr% (vO;;)
je.kh;k (L=kh-)
mifj (vO;;)
Hkzejk%
xqtfUr
[kxkuke~
dyowQtue~
lq[kne~
vf/xPNfUr
lEiUuk%
nnkfr
ik=kRokr~
vkIuksfr

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

rjg rjg osQ fo"k;ksa dks

ykrs gS@a ykrh gSa
lkeus
lqUnj
mQij
HkkSja s
xwt
rs gS@a xt
w rh gSa
fpfM+;ks@a dk@osQ@dh
pgpgkuk@e/qjofu
lq[k nsus okyk
izkIr djrs gS@a izkIr djrh gSa
;qDr
nsrk gS@nsrh gS
;ksX;rk ls
izkIr djrk gS@izkIr djrh gS

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQq #r&
eksndkr~
ekyk;k%
fp=kkr~
'kqdL;
yrk;k%
fp=kL;
vLekda fo|ky;%

eksndkH;ke~
ekykH;ke~
fp=kkH;ke~
'kqd;ks%
yr;ks%
fp=k;ks%

eksnosQH;%
ekykH;%
fp=ksH;%
'kqdkuke~
yrkuke~
fp=kk.kke~
59

2- js[kkfrkfu inkfu cgqopus ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk& Nk=kk% xzkekr~ vkxPNfUrA
Nk=kk% xzkesH;% vkxPNfUrA
(d) tuk% vki.kkr~ hMudkfu h.kfUrA
tuk% --------------------------- hMudkfu h.kfUrA
([k) ckydk% iqLrdky;kr~ iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA
ckydk% --------------------------- iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA
(x) if=kdk;k% fp=kkf.k i';rA
--------------------------- fp=kkf.k i';rA
(?k) 'kk[kk;k% i=kkf.k vku;A
--------------------------- i=kkf.k vku;A
() yrk;k% iq"ikf.k fpuqrA
--------------------------- iq"ikf.k fpuqrA
(p) o`{kkr~ i=kkf.k irfUrA
--------------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA

60

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

3- js[kkfrkfu inkfu ,dopus ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk&

oukuka n`';e~
ouL; n`';e~

(d) m|kukuka 'kksHkkA

(?k) dksfdykuka Loj%A

-------------- 'kksHkkA

-------------- Loj%A

([k) fp=kk.kka o.kZ%A

() flagkuka funzkA

-------------- o.kZ%A

-------------- funzkA

(x) ckfydkuke~ vkHkw"k.ke~A

(p) es?kkuka xtZue~A

-------------- vkHkw"k.ke~A

-------------- xtZue~A

4- v/ksfyf[kra fp=ka i';rA mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k dks"BdxrS% 'kCnS% okD;kfu

jp;r&
8
izHkq%

7
fe=ke~
6
u`i%

1
tud%

lqxzho foHkh"k.k
yo
v;ks;k
jke%
n'kjFk
jko.k

5
'k=kq%

Hkjr
4
vxzt%

vLekda fo|ky;%

lhrk

2
iq=k%

3
ifr%
61

;Fkk& (1) jke% (yo) yoL; tud%A

(2) jke% (n'kjFk) ------------------------ iq=k%A
(3) jke% -----------------------------------------------(4) -------------------------------------------------------(5) -------------------------------------------------------(6) -------------------------------------------------------(7) -------------------------------------------------------(8) -------------------------------------------------------5- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok dks"Bdxr'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDar iz;Tq ; okD;kfu iwj;r&

eRL;k% -------------------- cfg%

vkxPNfUrA (rMkx)

u`i% -------------------- irfrA (v'o)

liZ% -------------------- fuxZPNfrA (fcy)

-------------------- tya irfrA (es?k)

62

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

-------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k)

6- mi;qDr'kCna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ckydk% -------------------- x`ge~ vkxPNfUrA (fo|ky;kr~@fo|ky;su)
([k) ';ke% -------------------- nqXke~ vku;frA (x`g.s k@x`gkr~)A
(x) unh -------------------- izHkofrA (ioZrkr~@ioZrus )A
(?k) ekrk -------------------- tye~ vku;frA (owQisu@owQikr~)A
() ujs'k% -------------------- oLrwfu h.kkfr ([email protected]~)A
7- xksiky% d d oLrq oqQr% vku;fr bfr fy[kr&
iqLrdky;kr~

xzkekr~

ekykdkjkr~

dks"kkr~

vki.kkr~

(d) -------------------- iQykfu vku;frA

([k) -------------------- iqLrdkfu vku;frA
(x) -------------------- /ue~ vku;frA
(?k) -------------------- nqX/e~ vku;frA
() -------------------- iq"ikf.k vku;frA
vLekda fo|ky;%

63

uoe% ikB%

m|kufogkj%
lIreh&foHkfDr%] la[;kokfpinkfu p

,rr~ fde~\
,rr~ euksjee~ m|kue~ vfLrA
vfLeu~ m|kus osQ osQ fopjfUr\
vfLeu~ m|kus e`x%] okuj%] e;wj%]
dkd% bR;kn;% fopjfUrA
v=k ,o ckydk%] o`k%] efgyk% p HkzefUrA
,d% f'k'kq% okuja i';frA
}kS ckydkS e`xa i';r%A
=k;% o`k% o`{ks dksfdyL;
uhMe~ voyksd;fUrA
pRokj% e;wjk% osQdka oqQoZfUrA pr% efgyk% fidL; owQtue~ vkd.kZ;fUrA
o`{ks"kq cgwfu iQykfu lfUrA rs"kq ,dfLeu~
o`{ks pRokfj iQykfu iDokfu lfUrA dkd%
,oaQ iDoa iQya [kknfrA ,dk ckfydk m|kukr~
iq"ikf.k u;frA r=kSo }s ckfyosQ }s iQys
[kknr%A
m|kus ,d% tyiw.kZ% tyk'k;% vfi vfLrA
v=k =khf.k deykfu] fr% oqQeqfnU;% p fodflrkfu lfUrA r=k pRokj% e`xk%

tya ficfUr] ip ehuk% tyL; mifj rjfUr] "kV~ dPNik% tys brLrr%

HkzefUrA ljksojL; rVs lIr f'k'ko% [ksyfUr] v"VkS tuk% /kofUr] uo okujk%
r=k ,o owQnZfUrA
tyk'k;L; lehis ,d% f'koky;% vfLrA
f'koky;s }kn'k LrEHkk% lfUrA v=k fHkfkdk;ka
"kksM'k nsoizfrek% p fufeZrk% lfUrA vL; ifjljs
v"Vkn'k v'kksdo`{kk% lfUrA ,dkn'k oVo%
osnikBa oqQoZfUrA foa'kfr% HkDrk% f'koe~ vpZ;fUrA

'kCnkFkkZ%
euksjee~
bR;kn;% (bfr $ vkn;%)
o`k%
efgyk%
m|kufogkj%

&
&
&
&

lqUnj
bR;kfn
cw<s+
efgyk,
65

uhMe~
voyksd;fUr
osQdke~
fidL;
owQtue~
vkd.kZ;fUr
iDokfu
tyiw.kZ%
oqQeqfnU;%
ehuk%
mifj (vO;;)
brLrr% (vO;;)
f'koky;%
LrEHkk%
fHkfkdk;ke~
nsoizfrek%
oVo%
vpZ;fUr

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

?kkal
s ys dks
ns[krs gS@a ns[krh gSa
eksj dh vkokt
dks;y dk@osQ@dh
owQd
lqurs gS@a lqurh gSa
iosQ gq,
ikuh ls Hkjk gqvk
oqQeqnfu;k
eNfy;k
mQij
b/j&m/j
f'koefUnj
[kEHks
nhokj ij
nsorkvksa dh ewfkZ;k
(vusd) czpkjh
iwtk djrs gS@a djrh gSa

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d)

,d%
}kS
=k;%
pRokj%

,dk
}s
fr%
pr%

,de~
}s
=khf.k
pRokfj

66
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

([k)

ip
v"VkS (v"V)
,dkn'k
prqn'Z k
lIrn'k
o'kfr%

"kV~
uo
}kn'k
ipn'k
v"Vkn'k

lIr
n'k
=k;ksn'k
"kksM'k
,dksuo'kfr% (uon'k)

f'k";s
tus
i=ks
iq"is
izHkk;ke~
fo|k;ke~

f'k";;ks%
tu;ks%
i=k;ks%
iq"i;ks%
izHk;ks%
fo|;ks%

f'k";s"kq
tus"kq
i=ks"kq
iq"is"kq
izHkklq
fo|klq

2- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk&

Nk=ks
ujs
---------------------------

m|kufogkj%

Nk=k;ks%
--------------

Nk=ks"kq
--------------

--------------

deys"kq
--------------

o`{k;ks%
--------------

i=ks
--------------

--------------

--------------

oh.k;ks%

-------------ukSdklq
-------------67

3- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok la[;ka fy[kr&

--------------- dUnqdkfuA

--------------- pVdk%A
j?kqoa'ke

--------------- e;wjkSA

--------------- iqLrde~A

--------------- Nk=ksA
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka la[;k'kCnkuka laLrinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& ukS
vkB

uo
-----------------

X;kjg

-----------------

mUuhl

-----------------

ikp

-----------------

vBkjg

-----------------

rsjg

-----------------

68
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

5- v/ksfyf[krk% la[;k% vkjksges.k fy[kr&

"kksM'k
lIrn'k

v"V
}kn'k

,dkn'k
v"Vkn'k

foa'kfr%
uo

6- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

iq"is"kq

xk;ke~
fo|ky;s o`{k;ks%
(d) o;a ------------------------- iBke%A
([k) tuk% ------------------------- HkzefUrA
(x) ------------------------- ukSdk% lfUrA

m|kus"kq

ckfyd;ks%

(?k) ------------------------- Hkzejk% xqtfUrA

() ------------------------- u`R;a je.kh;e~ vfLrA
(p) --------------------- iQykfu iDokfu lfUrA
7- dks"BosQ"kq nks"kq 'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDar iz;Tq ; okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& ljksojs ehuk% lfUrA (ljksoj)
(d) ------------------------- dPNik% HkzefUrA (rMkx)
([k) ------------------------- lSfudk% lfUrA (f'kfoj)
(x) ;kukfu ------------------------- /kofUrA (jktekxZ)
(?k) ------------------------- jRukfu lfUrA (/jk)
() Nk=kk% ------------------------- iz;ksxa oqQoZfUrA (iz;ksx'kkyk)
m|kufogkj%

69

n'ke% ikB%

uhfr'yksdk%
foHkfDriqujko`fk%

m|esu fg fl;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A

ufg lqIrL; flagL; izfo'kfUr eq[ks e`xk% AA1AA
fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrk AA2AA
uefUr iQfyuks o`{kk% uefUr xqf.kuks tuk%A
'kq"do`{kk'p ew[kkZ'p u uefUr dnkpu AA3AA
vfHkoknu'khyL; fuR;a o`ksilsfou%A
pRokfj rL; o/ZUrs vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cye~ AA4AA
dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus dkyks xPNfr /herke~A
O;lusu p ew[kkZ.kka funz;k dygsu ok AA5AA

'kCnkFkkZ%
m|esu
fl;fUr
euksjFkS%

&
&
&

ifjJe ls
iwjs gksrs gS@a gksrh gSa
bPNkvksa ls

lqIrL;
izfo'kfUr
e`xk%
fiz;okD;iznkusu
rq";fUr
oDrO;e~
iQfyu%
xqf.ku%
'kq"do`{kk'p
dnkpu
vfHkoknu'khyL;
o`ksilsfou%
o/ZUrs
;'k%
dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus
/herke~
dygsu

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

lks;s gq, dk@osQ@dh

izo's k djrs gS@a djrh gSa
vusd i'kq
e/qj okD; cksyus ls
lar"q V gksrs gS@a gksrh gSa
cksyuk pkfg,
iQyokys
xq.kokyss
vkSj lw[ks isM+
dHkh Hkh
iz.kke djus osQ LoHkko okys dk@osQ@dh
cM+kas dh lsok djus okyksa dk@osQ@dh
c<+rs gS@a c<+rh gSa
dhfkZ
dkO;'kkL=k osQ }kjk euksjtu ls
cqfekuksa dk@osQ@dh
>xM+s ls

vH;kl%
1- izFkea prqFk ipea 'yksdp lLoja xk;rA
2- 'yksoQs "kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) uefUr --------------------- o`{kk%] uefUr --------------------- tuk%A
---------------------------- ew[kkZ'p u uefUr ----------------------------AA
uhfr'yksdk%

71

([k) dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus --------------------- xPNfr ---------------------A

---------------------------- ew[kkZ.kka funz;k ---------------------------- ok AA
3- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d

[k

m|esu fg fl;fUr

losZ rq";fUr tUro%A

fiz;okD;iznkusu

opus dk nfjnzrkA

pRokfj rL; o/ZUrs

izfo'kfUr eq[ks e`xk%A

rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a

dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A

ufg lqIrL; lgL;

vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cye~A

4- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk& m|esu dk;kZf.k fl;fUrA
iQfyuks o`{kk% u uefUrA

vke~
u

(d) fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ u rq";fUrA

([k) /herka dky% dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus xPNfrA
(x) vfHkoknu'khyL; vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cya u o/ZUrsA
(?k) xqf.kuks tuk% uefUrA
() euksjFkS% dk;kZf.k u fl;fUrA
72

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foHkfDar opup fy[kr&

;Fkk& m|esu

r`rh;k

,dopue~

flagL;

---------------------

---------------------

e`xk%

---------------------

---------------------

fo|k

---------------------

---------------------

ew[kkZ.kke~

---------------------

---------------------

funz;k

---------------------

---------------------

6- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) dk;kZf.k osQu fl;fUr\
([k) losZ tUro% osQu rq";fUr\
(x) dL; eq[ks e`xk% ufg izfo'kfUr\
(?k) osQ osQ uefUr\
() pRokfj dL; o/ZUrs\
(p) kherka dky% dFka xPNfr\

uhfr'yksdk%

73

,dkn'k% ikB%

cdL; izrhdkj%
vO;;iz;ksx%

,dfLeu~ ous 'k`xky% cd%

p fuolr% LeA r;ks%
fe=krk vklhr~A ,dnk izkr%
'k`xky% cde~ vonr~&
fe=k! 'o% Roa e;k lg
Hkkstua oqQ#A 'k`xkyL;
fueU=k.ksu cd% izlUu%
vHkor~A
vfxzes fnus l% Hkkstuk; 'k`xkyL; fuokla xPNfrA oqQfVyLoHkko% 'k`xky%
LFkkY;ka cdk; {khjksnua ;PNfrA
coaQ onfr p&fe=k! vfLeu~ ik=ks
vkoke~ v/quk lgSo [kknko%A
Hkkstudkys cdL; ppq% LFkkyhr%
Hkkstuxzg.ks leFkkZ u HkofrA vr%
cd% osQoya {khjksnua i';frA
'k`xky% rq lo {khjksnue~ vHk{k;r~A
'k`xkysu ofpr% cd% vfpUr;r~&;Fkk vusu e;k lg O;ogkj% r%
rFkk vge~ vfi rsu lg O;ogfj";kfeA ,oa fpUrf;Rok l% 'k`xkye~ vonr~&fe=k!
Roe~ vfi 'o% lk;a e;k lg Hkkstua dfj";flA cdL; fueU=k.ksu 'k`x` ky%

izlUu% vHkor~A ;nk 'k`x` ky% lk;a

cdL; fuokla Hkkstuk; xPNfr] rnk
cd% lh.kZeq[ks dy'ks {khjksnua
;PNfr] 'k`xkya p onfr&fe=k!
vkoke~ vfLeu~ ik=ks lgSo Hkkstua
oqQoZ%A cd% dy'kkr~ pPok
{khjksnua [kknfrA ijUrq 'k`xkyL; eq[ka
dy'ks u izfo'kfrA vr% cd% lo {khjksnua [kknfrA 'k`xky% p osQoye~ bZ";Z;k
i';frA
'k`x` ky% coaQ izfr ;kn`'ka O;ogkje~ vdjksr~ cd% vfi 'k`xkya izfr rkn`'ka
O;ogkja Rok izrhdkje~ vdjksrA~
mDrefi&
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76

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(x) Roa ---------------- ekrqyx`ga xfe";fl\

(?k) fnus'k% fo|ky;a xPNfr] vge~ ---------------- rsu lg xPNkfeA
() ---------------- foKkuL; ;qx% vfLrA
(p) ---------------- jfooklj% vfLrA
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(d) 'k`xkyL; fe=ka d% vklhr~\
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4- ikBkr~ inkfu fpRok v/ksfyf[krkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& 'k=kq%

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-------------------------

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77

5- etw"kkr% leqfprinkfu fpRok dFkka iwj;r&

euksjFkS%
mifj

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mik;e~
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----------------------- vHkzer~A ija -------------------------- tya u izkIuksrA~ vUrs
l% ,oaQ ?kVe~ vi';r~A ?kVs --------------------------- tye~ vklhr~A
vr% l% tye~ ----------------------- vleFkZ% vHkor~A l% ,de~
--------------- vfpUr;r~A l% ----------------------------- [k.Mkfu ?kVs vf{kir~A
,oa es.k ?kVL; tye~ ----------------- vkxPNr~A dkd%
tya ihRok -------------------- vHkor~A ifjJes.k ,o --------------------------fl;fUr u rq -----------------------A
6- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&
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78

fl;kj
dkSvk
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}kn'k% ikB%

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vtk};L; ;a dfj";kfeA vtk};L; f'k'kqfHk% vtkuka lewg% ee lehis
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81

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------------------------------------------------

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~ dkjs)
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82

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

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lkse'keZfirq% dFkk

83

=k;ksn'k% ikB%

lqHkkf"krkfu
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'kCnkFkkZ%

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nwljksa osQ gkFk esa x;k gqvk
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86

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-----------------------

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-----------------------

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-----------------------

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-----------------------

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92

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ipn'k% ikB%

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93

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iz;kL;fl

&

tkvksx@s tkvksxh

xsge~

&

?kj dks

fdjfl

&

fo[ksjrs gks@fo[ksjrh gks

/oye~

&

lisQn

pfUnzdkforkue~

&

iSQyh gqbZ pknuh

rkjd[kfpra

&

rkjksa ls 'kksfHkr

flrifj/kue~

&

lisQn oL=k

ee~

&

eq>s

Rofjre~

&

'kh?kz

,fg

&

vkvks

Jko;

&

lqukvks

o/Z;

&

c<+kvks
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

vH;kl%
1- ckyxhra lkfHku;a lLoja xk;rA
2- i|ka'kku~ ;kst;r&
ekrqy! fdjfl

flrifj/kue~

rkjd[kfpra

Jko; xhfre~

Rofjresfg eka

pfUnzdkforkue~

vfr'k;foLr`r

dFka u Lusge~

/oya ro

uhykdk'k%

3- i|ka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) fiz; ekrqy! -------------------------------- izhfre~A
([k) dFka iz;kL;fl --------------------------------A
(x) -------------------------------- Dofpnodk'k%A
(?k) -------------------------------- nkL;fl ekrqypUnz!A
() dFkek;kfl u -------------------------------- xsge~A
4- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) vfLeu~ ikBs d% ekrqy%\
([k) uhykdk'k% dhn`'k% vfLr\
(x) ekrqypUnz% d u fdjfl\
ekrqypUnz!!

95

(?k) d Jkof;rqa f'k'kq% pUnza dFk;fr\

() pUnzL; flrifj/kua dFke~ vfLr\
5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fuEufyf[krinkfu lEcks/us ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& pUnz%

&

pUnz!

(d) f'k";%

&

------------------------

([k) xksiky%

&

------------------------

;Fkk& ckfydk

&

ckfyosQ!

(d) fiz;oa nk

&

------------------------

([k) yrk

&

------------------------

;Fkk& iQye~

&

iQy!

(d) fe=ke~

&

------------------------

([k) iqLrde~

&

------------------------

;Fkk& jfo%

&

jos!s

(d) eqfu%

&

------------------------

([k) dfo%

&

------------------------

96

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

;Fkk& lk/q%

&

lk/ks!

(d) Hkkuq%

&

------------------------

([k) i'kq%

&

------------------------

;Fkk& unh

&

ufn!

(d) nsoh

&

------------------------

([k) ekfuuh

&

------------------------

6- etw"kkr% mi;qDrkuke~ vO;;inkuka iz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

oqQr%

dnk

oqQ=k

dFka

fde~

(d) txUukFkiqjh ---------------- vfLr\

([k) Roa ---------------- iqjha xfe";fl\
(x) xkunh ---------------- izogfr\
(?k) ro LokLF;a ---------------- vfLr\
() o"kkZdkys e;wjk% ---------------- oqQoZfUr\
7- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&
ekek] eksj] rkjk] dks;y] dcwrj A

ekrqypUnz!!

97

ifjf'k"Ve~

dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%
okD;s f;k;k% lk{kkr~ vUo;% ;su insu@'kCnsu lg Hkofr rr~ ina dkjoaQ HkofrA
dkjdk.kke~ vFkZ izdVf;rqa ;s"kka izR;;kuka la;kstua 'kCnS% lg Hkofr rs (izR;;k%)
dkjd&foHkDr;% HkofUrA
a xRok
;Fkk& gs Nk=kk%!(11) n'kjFkL;(10) lqr%(1) jke%(2) n.Mdkj.;kr~(8) yk(3)
(9)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(5)
(12)
;qs jko.ka ok.ksu gRok foHkh"k.kk; yk jkT;e~ v;PNr~ A
ela[;k

'kCnk%@inkfu

dkjde~

foHkfDr%

1] 2

lqr%] jke%

drkZ

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yk ]a jko.ka]
ykjkT;e~

deZ

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foHkh"k.kk;

lEiznkue~

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n.Mdkj.;kr~

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ipeh

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lIreh

fo'ks"k%& "k"Bh&foHkDrs% vFkZ% lEcU/% vfLrA lEcU/% lEcks/ua p dkjda u

HkofrA mnkgj.ke~&^n'kjFkL;*(10) ^gs Nk=kk%* (11) bfr in;ks% lk{kkr~ vUo;% f;;k
^v;PNr~*(12) bR;usu insu lg ukfLrA vr% laLrs ,rs ins dkjosQ u Hkor%A

'kCn:ikf.k
vdkjkUr&iqf Yy& 'kCn%
ckyd
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
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"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~

,dopue~
ckyd%
ckyde~
ckyosQu
ckydk;
ckydkr~
ckydL;
ckyosQ
gs ckyd!

f}opue~
ckydkS
ckydkS
ckydkH;ke~
ckydkH;ke~
ckydkH;ke~
ckyd;ks%
ckyd;ks%
gs ckydkS!

cgqopue~
ckydk%
ckydku~
ckyoSQ%
ckyosQH;%
ckyosQH;%
ckydkuke~
ckyosQ"kq
gs ckydk%!

,oeso u`i&nso&jke&firkeg&if.Mr&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&iqf Yy&'kCnkuka

:ikf.k HkofUrA

vkdkjkUr&L=khfYk& 'kCn%
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ckfydk;k%

f}opue~
ckfyosQ
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ckfydkH;ke~

cgqopue~
ckfydk%
ckfydk%
ckfydkfHk%
ckfydkH;%
ckfydkH;%
99

"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~

ckfydk;k%
ckfydk;ke~
gs ckfyosQ!

ckfyd;ks%
ckfyd;ks%
gs ckfyosQ!

ckfydkuke~
ckfydklq
gs ckfydk%!

,oeso yrk&jek&ekyk&dfydk&bR;knhuke~ vkdkjkUr&L=khfy&'kCnkuka

:ikf.k HkofUrA

vdkjkUr&uiql
a dfy& 'kCn%
iq"i
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izFkek
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prqFkhZ
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lEcks/ue~

,dopue~
iq"ie~
iq"ie~
iq"is.k
iq"ik;
iq"ikr~
iq"iL;
iq"is
gs iq"i!

f}opue~
iq"is
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iq"i;ks%
iq"i;ks%
gs iq"is!

cgqopue~
iq"ikf.k
iq"ikf.k
iq"iS%
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iq"ik.kke~
iq"is"kq
gs iq"ikf.kA

,oeso iQy&iqLrd&uxj&fe=k&m|ku&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&uiql

a dfy& 'kCnkuka
:ikf.k HkofUrA

bdkjkUr&iqf y& 'kCn

eqfu
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
100

,dopue~
eqfu%
eqfue~

f}opue~
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equh

cgqopue~
equ;%
equhu~
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
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"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~

eqfuuk
equ;s
equ%s
equ%s
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eqfuH;ke~
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eqU;ks%
eqU;ks%
gs equh!

eqfufHk%
eqfuH;%
eqfuH;%
equhuke~
eqfu"kq
gs equ;%!

,oeso dfo&gfj&jfo&dfi&bR;knhuke~ bdjkUr&iqf Yy& 'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

mdkjkUr&iqf Yy& 'kCn%

Hkkuq
foHkfDr%
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lEcks/ue~

,dopue~
Hkkuq%
Hkkuqe~
Hkkuquk
Hkkuos
Hkkuks%
Hkkuks%
HkkukS
gs Hkkuks!

f}opue~
Hkkuw
Hkkuw
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkUoks%
HkkUoks%
gs Hkkuw!

cgqopue~
Hkkuo%
Hkkuwu~
HkkuqfHk%
HkkuqH;%
HkkuqH;%
Hkkuwuke~
Hkkuq"kq
gs Hkkuo%!

,oeso f'k'kq&lk/q&xq#&fo".kq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&iqf Yy&'kCnkuka :ikf.k

HkofUrA
ifjf'k"Ve~

101

/krq&:ikf.k
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iB~ (i<+uk)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k%

iBfr

iBr%

iBfUr

e;eiq#"k%

iBfl

iBFk%

iBFk

mkeiq#"k%

iBkfe

iBko%

iBke%

xe~&xPN~ (tkuk)
izFkeiq#"k%

xPNfr

xPNr%

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e;eiq#"k%

xPNfl

xPNFk%

xPNFk

mkeiq#"k%

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xPNko%

xPNke%

LFkk&fr"B (Bgjuk)
izFkeiq#"k%

fr"Bfr

fr"Br%

fr"BfUr

e;eiq#"k%

fr"Bfl

fr"BFk%

fr"BFk

mkeiq#"k%

fr"Bkfe

fr"Bko%

fr"Bke%

uh&u;~ (ysuk)
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u;fr

u;r%

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e;eiq#"k%

u;fl

u;Fk%

u;Fk

mkeiq#"k%

u;kfe

u;ko%

u;ke%

102

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

fpUr~ (lkspuk)
izFkeiq#"k%

fpUr;fr

fpUr;r%

fpUr;fUr

e;eiq#"k%

fpUr;fl

fpUr;Fk%

fpUr;Fk

mkeiq#"k%

fpUr;kfe

fpUr;ko%

fpUr;ke%

mi;qDZ rkuqlkjs.k ,o gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] (fic)] n`'k~ (i';)] /ko~]
ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~ (bPN)] fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

y`Vy
~ dkj% (Hkfo";r~dky%)
iB~
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k%

ifB";fr

ifB";r%

ifB";fUr

e;eiq#"k%

ifB";fl

ifB";Fk%

ifB";Fk

mkeiq#"k%

ifB";kfe

ifB";ko%

ifB";ke%

xe~
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xfe";fr

xfe";r%

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e;eiq#"k%

xfe";fl

xfe";Fk%

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xfe";ko%

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LFkkL;fr

LFkkL;r%

LFkkL;fUr

e;eiq#"k%

LFkkL;fl

LFkkL;Fk%

LFkkL;Fk

mkeiq#"k%

LFkkL;kfe

LFkkL;ko%

LFkkL;ke%

ifjf'k"Ve~

103

uh
izFkeiq#"k%

us";fr

us";r%

us";fUr

e;eiq#"k%

us";fl

us";Fk%

us";Fk

mkeiq#"k%

us";kfe

us";ko%

us";ke%

fpUr~
izFkeiq#"k%

fpUrf;";fr

fpUrf;";r%

fpUrf;";fUr

e;eiq#"k%

fpUrf;";fl

fpUrf;";Fk%

fpUrf;";Fk

mkeiq#"k%

fpUrf;";kfe

fpUrf;";ko%

fpUrf;";ke%

,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~ (ysf[k";fr)] ik (ikL;fr)]
n`'k~ (nz{;fr)] b"k~ (,f"k";fr)] fey~&izHk`rhuka kkrwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iB~
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

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viBr~

viBrke~

viBu~

e;eiq#"k%

viB%

viBre~

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viBe~

viBko

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xe~
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vxPNr~

vxPNrke~

vxPNu~

e;eiq#"k%

vxPN%

vxPNre~

vxPNr

mkeiq#"k%

vxPNe~

vxPNko

vxPNke

104

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%

LFkk
izFkeiq#"k%

vfr"Br~

vfr"Brke~

vfr"Bu~

e;eiq#"k%

vfr"B%

vfr"Bre~

vfr"Br

mkeiq#"k%

vfr"Be~

vfr"Bko

vfr"Bke

uh
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vu;r~

vu;rke~

vu;u~

e;eiq#"k%

vu;%

vu;re~

vu;r

mkeiq#"k%

vu;e~

vu;ko

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izFkeiq#"k%

vfpUr;r~

vfpUr;rke~

vfpUr;u~

e;eiq#"k%

vfpUr;%

vfpUr;re~

vfpUr;r

mkeiq#"k%

vfpUr;e~

vfpUr;ko

vfpUr;ke

,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] n`'k~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~ (,sPNr~)]
fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

yksV&~ ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iB~
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
ifjf'k"Ve~

,dopue~
iBrq
iB
iBkfu

f}opue~
iBrke~
iBre~
iBko

cgqopue~
iBUrq
iBr
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105

xe~
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

xPNrq
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xPNrke~
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fr"Brq
fr"B
fr"Bkfu

fr"Brke~
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u;rke~
u;re~
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uh
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fpUr;rq
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fpUr;rke~
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fpUr;Urq
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mi;qDZ rkuqlkjeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] n`'k~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~]
fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

106

#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%