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Tuning of Pid Gains by Trial and Error

This document summarizes an experiment to tune the gains of a PID controller using the trial and error method. It first defines a control system and feedback control system, noting that a feedback control system measures the error between the actual and desired output to manipulate the input to minimize this error. It then explains that a PID controller calculates error as the difference between the measured and desired set point, and uses proportional, integral and derivative parameters to adjust the process inputs to minimize error over time. The document concludes that proportional gain decreases rise time, derivative gain reduces overshoot and rise time, and integral gain eliminates steady-state error.

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Sajjad Idrees
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706 views4 pages

Tuning of Pid Gains by Trial and Error

This document summarizes an experiment to tune the gains of a PID controller using the trial and error method. It first defines a control system and feedback control system, noting that a feedback control system measures the error between the actual and desired output to manipulate the input to minimize this error. It then explains that a PID controller calculates error as the difference between the measured and desired set point, and uses proportional, integral and derivative parameters to adjust the process inputs to minimize error over time. The document concludes that proportional gain decreases rise time, derivative gain reduces overshoot and rise time, and integral gain eliminates steady-state error.

Uploaded by

Sajjad Idrees
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab File

Feedback Control Systems -IE361

PRACTICAL NO.03
Object
To Tune PID Gains by Trial and Error Method.

Theory
Control System
A Control System is a device, or a collection of devices that manage the behaviour of other devices. Some devices are not controllable. A control system is an interconnection of components connected or related in such a manner as to command, direct, or regulate itself or another system.

Feedback control system


In feedback control, the variable being controlled is measured and compared with a target value. This difference between the actual and desired value is called the error. Feedback control manipulates an input to the system to minimize this error. The error in the system would be the Output - Desired Output. Feedback control reacts to the system and works to minimize this error. The desired output is generally entered into the system through a user interface. The output of the system is measured (by a flow meter, thermometer or similar instrument) and the difference is calculated. This difference is used to control the system inputs to reduce the error in the system.

PID controller
A proportionalintegralderivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control systems a PID is the most commonly used feedback controller. A PID controller calculates an "error" value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired set point. The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process control inputs. The PID controller calculation (algorithm) involves three separate constant parameters, and is accordingly sometimes called three-term control: the proportional, the integral and derivative values, denoted P, I, and D. Heuristically, these values can be interpreted in terms of time: P depends on the present error, I on the accumulation of past errors,

Lab File

Feedback Control Systems -IE361

and D is a prediction of future errors, based on current rate of change. The weighted sum of these three actions is used to adjust the process via a control element such as the position of a control valve, or the power supplied to a heating element.

Simulink Block Diagram

MATLAB screen shots


SET 1

Lab File

Feedback Control Systems -IE361

SET 2

SET 3

Lab File

Feedback Control Systems -IE361

SET 4

Results and Conclusion


We studied the significance of PID controller in a closed loop system and adjusted its gains by trial and error method and we observed that: Proportional gain is used to decrease the rise time. Differential gain is used to reduce the overshoot and rise time. Integral gain is used to eliminate the steady-state-error.

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