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    Frantz Fanon. Bio

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    Bini Sajil
    Frantz Fanon was a Martinique-born psychiatrist and political philosopher known for his anti-colonialist writings. He worked in Algeria during its war for independence from France and wrote extensively on the psychopathology of colonization and the use of violence in decolonization struggles. Fanon's works analyzed how colonized subjects internalized an inferiority complex through the colonial culture and language imposed on them by colonial powers like France. He advocated a clean break through revolutionary violence to achieve true liberation and establish a decolonized post-colonial identity for formerly colonized peoples and nations.

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    Frantz Fanon. Bio

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    Bini Sajil
    106 views25 pages
    Frantz Fanon was a Martinique-born psychiatrist and political philosopher known for his anti-colonialist writings. He worked in Algeria during its war for independence from France and wrote extensively on the psychopathology of colonization and the use of violence in decolonization struggles. Fanon's works analyzed how colonized subjects internalized an inferiority complex through the colonial culture and language imposed on them by colonial powers like France. He advocated a clean break through revolutionary violence to achieve true liberation and establish a decolonized post-colonial identity for formerly colonized peoples and nations.

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    An article on decolonization

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    Frantz Fanon was a Martinique-born psychiatrist and political philosopher known for his anti-colonialist writings. He worked in Algeria during its war for independence from France and wrote extensively on the psychopathology of colonization and the use of violence in decolonization struggles. Fanon's works analyzed how colonized subjects internalized an inferiority complex through the colonial culture and language imposed on them by colonial powers like France. He advocated a clean break through revolutionary violence to achieve true liberation and establish a decolonized post-colonial identity for formerly colonized peoples and nations.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    106 views25 pages

    Frantz Fanon. Bio

    Uploaded by

    Bini Sajil
    Frantz Fanon was a Martinique-born psychiatrist and political philosopher known for his anti-colonialist writings. He worked in Algeria during its war for independence from France and wrote extensively on the psychopathology of colonization and the use of violence in decolonization struggles. Fanon's works analyzed how colonized subjects internalized an inferiority complex through the colonial culture and language imposed on them by colonial powers like France. He advocated a clean break through revolutionary violence to achieve true liberation and establish a decolonized post-colonial identity for formerly colonized peoples and nations.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 25

    Frantz Fanon

    1925-1961
    Writings
    The Wretched of the Earth
    1961
    Black Skin White Mask 1952
    A Dying Colonialism
    Towards the African
    Revolution: Essays
    Frantz Fanon - Biography
    Proponent of anti-colonial revolutionary
    thought
    Fanon was born in 1925, to a middle-class
    family in the French colony of Martinique.
    Married French Woman Jose Duble
    In 1953, Fanon became Head of the
    Psychiatry Department at the Blida-
    Joinville Hospital in Algeria,
    Biography continued
    1956 he formally resigned his post with the
    French government to work for the Algerian
    cause.
    Following his resignation, Fanon fled to
    Tunisia and began working openly with the
    Algerian independence movement.
    While in Ghana, Fanon developed
    leukemia, he died in 1961 in an American
    hospital in Maryland.
    Fanons Theories
    Colonisation by language
    the category "white" depends for its stability on its
    negation, "black."
    In The Wretched of the Earth, Fanon develops the
    perspective implicit in Black skin white mask. To
    overcome the binary system in which black is bad
    and white is good, Fanon argues that an entirely
    new world must come into being. This utopian
    desire, to be absolutely free of the past, requires
    total revolution, "absolute violence" (37).
    Theories
    Use of violence
    Fanon rejected the concept of Negritude
    "I have no wish to be the victim of the Fraud of
    a black world.
    My life should not be devoted to drawing up
    the balance sheet of Negro values.
    I am not a prisoner of history. I should not
    seek there for the meaning of my destiny.
    Terms
    Anti-colonialism
    The subaltern
    Negritude
    Other aspects
    The black man has two dimensions. One with his
    fellows, the other with the white man. A Negro
    behaves differently with a white man and with
    another Negro. That this self-division is a direct
    result of colonialist subjugation is beyond
    question...No one would dream of doubting that its
    major artery is fed from the heart of those various
    theories that have tried to prove that the Negro is a
    stage in the slow evolution of monkey into man....
    Consequences for the colonised
    Every colonized people--in other words,
    every people in whose soul an inferiority
    complex has been created by the death and
    burial of its local cultural originality--finds
    itself face to face with the language of the
    civilizing nation; that is, with the culture of
    the mother country. The colonized is
    elevated above his jungle status in
    proportion to his adoption of the mother
    country's cultural standards.
    Literature
    An EngIIsI cIIIdrens sLory enLILIed Althouh
    He Wcs lccl.
    wunL you eucI Lo undersLund LIuL Sumbo Is
    Lo be kIndIy LreuLed, uILIougI never uIIowed
    Lo Luke IIberLIes; LIe negro Is IuILIIuI Lo deuLI
    II properIy IundIed. You wIII IInd IIm mosL
    umusIng, some oI IIs wuys, und uIso IIs IIngo
    Is quuInLness ILseII. OI course, LIe IuLLer wIII
    Improve In LIme.
    Sambos Language
    MIgIL dIs dIrLy oIe nIgger sLop up In de
    uLLIc sLeud oI Mussu HugI? m euL up
    uII de breud und drInk de wuLer. uws,
    dIs cIIIe Iub dry breud, someLImes Im
    IIve on IL Ior duys In de oIe LImes, und
    peurs IIke jes de rIgIL IIng Ior Im Lo be
    up In de uLLIc.
    Influences on Fanon
    Treated with disdain
    Personal experiences of rejection
    uII-pervusIve nuLure oI rencI rucIsm:
    sensILIzed uguInsL rencI coIonIuIIsm In
    AIgerIu
    Critiques of Fanon
    Fanon as being unrealistic
    Fanon knew that violence could not work yet
    advocated its use
    The Wretched oj the Ecrth, enLILIed CoIonIuI
    Wur und MenLuI DIsorders, Ie provIded
    muny sLurLIIng und InLeresLIng cuse IIsLorIes,
    In none oI wIIcI does vIoIence pIuy unyLIIng
    oLIer LIun u desLrucLIve roIe.
    unons poIILIcuI judgmenL wus nuve
    Born wILI u LuIenL Lo IuLe
    Algeria
    Independence in 1962
    Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%
    note: almost all Algerians are Berber in origin, not
    Arab; the minority who identify themselves as
    Berber live mostly in the mountainous region of
    Kabylie east of Algeirs; the Berbers are also
    Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than
    Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated,
    sometimes violently, for autonomy; the
    government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has
    offered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber
    language in schools
    French colonisation (1830-
    1962)
    Influence of the French Empire
    demographically
    Muslims viewed as an inferior underclass
    officially French subjects they could not
    become French citizens unless they
    renounced Islam and converted to
    Christianity.
    After world war II attempts by French to
    assimilate too late for Algerians.
    Overview
    A large country, more than four-
    fifths of Algeria's territory is
    covered by the Sahara desert. Oil
    and gas reserves were discovered
    here in the 1950s, but the main
    population centres remain on the
    northern coast. The country is one
    of the main suppliers of natural
    gas to Europe.
    Statistics
    Population: 32.3 million (UN,
    2004)
    Capital: Algiers
    Area: 2.39m sq km (919,595 sq
    miles)
    Major languages: Arabic, French,
    Berber
    Major religion: Islam
    Towards the African Revolution
    political essays
    Letters to a French man
    Unperceived arab
    Ignored arabs
    Perpetuated by an ignorant silence
    Teaching young arab children seen as the
    less they understand the better off they are
    Largely illiterated and depersonalised.
    Some of Fanons observations
    The negrowill be proportionately
    whiterin direct ratio to his mastery of the
    French language (Black Skin, White Mask)
    A man who has a language possesses the
    world expressed and implied by that
    language.
    Adopts the cultural baggage of mother
    country due to strong identification of
    superiority of that culture.
    The French Empire
    France had colonial possessions from the
    beginning of the seventeenth century
    four overseas departements- Caribbean islands of
    Guadeloupe and Martiniques, Reunion in the
    indian ocean and the and the small south american
    mainland possession of french; 3 overseas
    territories: French, French Southern and Antarctic
    Lands, New Caledonia; and two territorial
    collectivities: Mayotte in the Indian Ocean and St.
    Pierre and Miquelon near Newfoundland.
    History
    First French Empire
    Colonial conflict with Great Britain from
    1744 1815
    War of the Austrian Succession (17441748),
    the Seven Years War (17561763), the War
    of the American Revolution (17781783),
    and the French Revolutionary (17931802
    The second french colonial
    empire
    Beginnings in 1830 with the French
    invasion of Algeria
    The French made their last major colonial
    gains after the First world, when they
    gained mandates over the former Turkish
    territories that make up what is now Syria
    and the Lebanon, as well as most of the
    former German colonies of Togo and
    Cameroon.
    Collapse of the empire
    After the second world war II
    War with Algeria in the 1950s
    "For, remember this, France does not stand
    alone. She is not isolated. Behind her stands
    a vast Empire"
    Charles de Gaulle, June 18, 1940
    Conclusion
    Frantz Fanon process of decolonisation
    evaluated
    French Empire
    Algeria
    Identity and Language

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