ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 1 of 35

Weldreality Home Page. TIP TIG Welding Home Page TIG Welding All Weld and Steels Programs Ed's Process Control Training Materials MIG Welding Steels > 4mm MIG Welding Steels < 4mm Pulsed MIG Welding MIG Welding Gases MIG Welders And Equipment Robots & Weld Management Robots and MIG Welding Tips TIG Welding Tips MIG / Flux Cored Pipe Welding Welding Advice Welding Forum Ed's Bio / Contact Ed's Weld Projects

ED CRAIG. www.weldreality.com.
The world's largest website on MIG - Flux Cored - TIG Welding

ASTM & API Steels. Tubes & Pipe weld data

TIP TIG Welding is always better quality than TIG and 100 to 500% faster with superior quality than TIG - MIG - FCAW.

Home page of www.weldreality.com.

PIPE / TUBES: ASTM - API Carbon & Low Alloy Steels.

Welding Books

PIPE Welding Steels and TIG - MIG and Flux Cored Welds.

A Management & Engineers Guide to MIG Weld Quality, Productivity and Costs

Every pipe welding application has unique requirements guided by different codes and specifications. The following pipe weld guide is intended as a quick reference to assist with logical welding decisions. The information provided, is certainly incomplete and implies no guarantees. All pipe and pressure vessel recommendations should be verified by the applicable codes, especially when heat treatment, low hydrogen and low alloy electrodes are required. No pipe weld should be carried out unless that weld is first qualified. If the weld is required to match the properties of the pipe ensure the alloy content of the electrode is matched and verify the preheat or post heat recommendations. With the introduction of TIP TIG into the USA, pipe shops now have a single, easy to use process

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 2 of 35

that will produce superior weld results than regular TIG, flux cored or any MIG weld trasfer mode. When welding low and medium carbon steels, the 70XX stick electrodes, E70S-3-6 MIG wires and E7XT-X flux cored electrodes can be used. When welding low alloy 1.25% Cr - 0.5 Mo or 2.25 Cr - 1% Mo with up to 0.05% max carbon, typically 8018-B2L / 9018-B3L (L = low carbon) can be used. When welding higher strength alloys or when tempering and quenching are required to attain the higher strengths the higher carbon 8018 B2 and 9018 B3 electrodes are utilized.

Manual and Robotic (MIG) Gas Metal Arc Welding Book

Flux Cored and MIG weld process controls

API Carbon Steel Pressure Pipe

Manual MIG Welding Process Control (Also in Spanish)

" Proceso de Soldadur

MIG Manual "

Welding CD's

The preheat temperatures provided are when low hydrogen electrodes are used. Consider all the MIG and gas shielded flux cored electrodes as low hydrogen consumables. Preheat also applies to minimum inter-pass temperatures. Post heat increases toughness and reduces residual stresses.

Robot MIG welding. Best Weld Practices and Process Controls

For critical pipe applications always adhere to to code and material specifications and weld requirements. Double check the electrode recommendations. 1000 psi = ksi x 6.894 = MPa. API 1104 is Standard for welding pipe lines.

Manual MIG Welding. Best Weld Practices and Process Controls

For more pipe welding data follow this link

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 3 of 35

Steels API 5A F25 API 5A H40

Flux Cored Best Weld Practices and Process Controls

Yield ksi 25 40 55 80 105 110 55 75

Tensile ksi 40 60 75 100 120 125 95 100

Description casing drill

API 5A J55 API 5A N80 API 5A P105 API 5A P110 API 5A D API 5A E

DVD Film "MIG Process Controls Made Simple"

Order these MIG Welding or Flux Cored Training Materials Now

COMMON PIPE ELECTRODES E6010 Minimum Yield 50,000 psi Minimum Tensile 62,000 psi. E6011 Minimum Yield 50,000 psi Minimum Tensile 62,000 psi. E7010 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi. E7018 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.

API 5 L. Line Pipe Specification API 5LX 5L = Line Pipe API 5LX X = High Test Line Pipe

E70S-3 and E70X6 MIG Wires Minimum Yield 60,000 psi, Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi

Ed providing MIG and FCAW process control training to Imperial oil pipe welders on 16 inch nat gas pipe

Steels

Yield ksi

Tensile ksi MPa

PREHEAT >25 mm

chemistry

weld electrode

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 4 of 35

API 5L X65 API 5L A25 C1.1-C1.2 API 5L A

>65 >25 >30 206 >35 242 >45 >310 >48 330 >60 413

200F if E60XX used >25 mm 200F if E60XX used E60XX used >12mm 100F >25mm 200F E60XX used <12mm 100F >12mm 200F If carb <0.25 with E60XX >12mm 100F >25mm 200F carb 0.21 Mn0.3/0.6 carb 0.21/0.22 Mn0.9 carb 0.26/0.27 Mn1.15

E60XX

API 5L B

E60XX

API 5L X42

>42

>60 413

carb If carb >0.25 with E60XX 0.29 PREHEAT<12 MM 100f Mn1.25 >12mm 200F if low hyd used <12 mm 50F >12mm 150F E60XX preheat >12mm 100F >25mm 200F if low hyd used <12 mm 50F >12mm 150F E60XX preheat >12mm 100F >25mm 200F if low hyd used <12 mm 50F >12mm 150F preheat E60XX carb <0.21 <12mm 100F >12mm 150F preheat carb >0.21 <12mm 100F >12mm 200F low hyd used carbon >0.21 <12mm 50F >12mm 150F PREHEAT SAME AS X56

E60XX E70XX E71T-1

API 5L X46

>46 317

>63 434

carb E60XX 0.2-0.31 E70XX 1.25/1.35Mn E71T-1

API 5L X52

>52 358

66 - 72

carb <0.31 Mn1.35

E60XX E70XX E71T-1

API 5L X56

>50 344

71- 75 517

carb <0.26 Mn1.35 Cb 0.005 V0.02 Ti 0.03

E60XX E70XX E71T-1

API 5L X60

>60

75 - 78 537

carb <0.26 Mn1.35 Cb 0.005 V0.02 Ti 0.03 carb <0.26 Mn1.4 Cb 0.005 V0.02 Ti 0.03 carb <0.23 Mn1.6 Cb 0.005 V0.02 Ti 0.03

E60XX E70XX E71T-1

API 5L X65

>65

77 - 80

PREHEAT SAME AS X56 PREHEAT CARB <0.2 <12mm 50F >12mm 100F PREHEAT CARB >0.2 <12mm 50F >12mm 200F <12mm 50F >12mm 150F

E60XX E70XX E71T-1

API 5L X70

>70

>82 567

E7018 E71T-1

API 5L X80

>80

90 - 120

E7018 E71T-1

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 5 of 35

When it comes to MIG and flux cored welding, rather than providing weld process resolutions, most pipe welding codes can cause extensive weld confusion. Welding decision makers often look to welding codes to provide practical, pipe welding advice and recommendations. The weld reality, most codes are usually written by individuals who lack MIG / flux cored weld process, consumable and weld application expertise. 50 YEARS AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE "MIG PROCESS", AND 30 YEARS AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF FLUX CORED ELECTRODES, THE NEWLY REVISED 2001 "AP1 CODE 582" STILL CREATES WELD CONFUSION. API. 5.2.3 Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW-P. The pulsed process may be used for any material thickness. Whenever the welding system is changed or the settings on existing equipment are "significantly altered", the fabricator should verify weld properties. The extent of verification or testing should be as agreed between the purchaser and fabricator. WELD REALITY. In contrast to the traditional two control MIG or flux cored process, there are many weld essential variables that can be readily changed with the pulsed mode. The API code warns against a "SIGNIFICANT" change in a pulsed setting. For the weld decision maker, what is significant? From my perspective, as the pulsed mode typically provides minimal side wall fusion any "MINOR" change in any of the pulsed parameters would be significant and have an influence on the weld fusion. While on the subject of pulsed, the API code does not discus mechanized versus manual pulsed welding inconsistencies. When a code stipulates that a fusion sensitive process is OK for any pipe thickness, the code is sending the message that this process is recommended for both manual and mechanized welds. A controlled mechanized weld weave has a lot to do with success of the pulsed process when used for pipe welds. The traditional manual weld weave inconsistency would make pulsed welding a poor choice for a pipe shop, especially when it could choose the superior weld fusion all position gas shielded flux cored wires. THE LAST FIVE DECADES HAVE SHOWN THAT BOTH THE ASME AND API CODE COMMITTEES HAVE NOT BEEN

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 6 of 35

FULLY QUALIFIED TO DISCUSS EITHER THE MIG OR FCAW PROCESS. API. 5.2.2 Short Circuiting Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW-S). The use of GMAW-S shall be limited to the following conditions: a]. Short circuit shall not be used for branch connections or socket welds. b]. For vertical welding, the root pass and second pass progression for a material of any thickness may be either uphill or downhill. c]. The fill and cap pass for butt or fillet welds may be welded with this process, provided the thickness of any member does not exceed 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) and vertical welding is performed with uphill progression. WELD REALITY: There are many myths about the short circuit weld process. The codes often mention a process but are not specific about the consumables used What about the SC weld gas? Note the API code does not spell out the MIG gas mix that must be used with the short circuit process on pipe welds. Use short circuit with argon 10% CO2 and you can weld in any position and almost guarantee lack of fusion on any parts > 1/8 (>3 mm). Using mixed gas mixes, Short circuit pipe welds require a minimum of 25% CO2 and short circuit should not be used vert up or vert down on any steels over 4 mm thick. SUPERIOR SHORT CIRCUIT WELD FUSION IS ATTAINED WITH STRAIGHT CO2. HOWEVER I BELIEVE THERE IS NO PLACE FOR THE TRADITIONAL SHORT CIRCUIT PROCESS WITH ARGON - CO2 OR STRAIGHT CO2 ON PIPE LINE WELDING IN THE 5G POSITION..

Ed testing the short circuit and STT process at the difficult 5 to 7 o'clock position

Short circuit vertical down, while fine for a rotated pipe root

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 7 of 35

welds can with the 5G position cause root pass problems at the 5 to 7 o'clock over head positions. All pipe shops should remember, what's good for mechanized welding is not necessarily OK for manual welding. In 2001, the API code makes no mention of Spray Transfer, Globular Transfer, STT or metal cored wires, does that mean they can or cannot be used?

The weld process considerations and confusion that now surrounds pipe welding. QUESTION. Ed when welding pipes we could use SMAW electrodes, flux cored or metal cored electrodes, short circuit, globular, spray, pulsed transfer, GTAW the Lincoln STT MIG process or submerged arc. As much of the welding process information we get is sales driven, can you shed some light on the subject of logical weld process and electrode selection? ANSWER. Obviously many factors have to be considered before selecting a weld process or electrode for pipe welding. Of special consideration for the root weld is the pipe roundness, and the consistency attained with the root gap dimensions. The pipe diameter, wall thickness and bevel will influence the side wall weld fusion potential. Of course the weld deposition rate potential of the process and ease of use is important. For this type of data, visit the flux cored pipe weld section for extensive pipe welding data.

SMAW GENERAL PIPE DATA: Typical Vert Down Root Electrodes, E6010 or E7010 DC+. Consider E6010 or E7010 DC- if weld burn through or hollow bead occurs. Typical Vert Down Filler E7010 DC+. Vert up E7018. Use E60 or E7010 on pipe to API 5LX65. Over 65 yield, use low hydrogen electrodes. Minimum preheat if pipe less than 40F use 100F. When preheat used ensure that's also the minimum interpass temp. Always confirm weld data and heat treat with API specs.

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 8 of 35

Yield strength. The stress that can be applied to a base metal or weld without permanent deformation of the metal. Tensile strength. The ultimate tensile strength, is the maximum tensile strength that the metal or weld can with stand before failure occurs. Lamellar Tearing: When welding, the weld shrinkage stresses impose tensile strains in the steel plate or on inclusions paralleled to the plate surface. The tensile strains can separate the inclusions causing cracks. Excessive strains can further elongate the cracks. Carbon, manganese and low alloy steels made at the mill with inadequate deoxidization are sensitive to lamellar tearing. The potential for lamellar tearing increases with the amount of inclusions in the plates being welded. Of special concern is when the inclusions are parallel to the plate surface. More data in ASTM A770 / A770M Standard Spec for through thickness tension testing of steel plates.

For electrode selection watch out for the compatibility of the base metal's yield - tensile strengths, and the metal's primary alloy content. The desired weld preheat will be greatly influenced in the weld procedure used and in the amount of weld applied. Post heat and interpass temp control is typically applied to low alloy steels when applications are subject to high and low temperatures or high pipe pressures.

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 9 of 35

Mechanical Strength of Gas Shielded Flux Cored Electrodes from the ANSI / AWS A5.29. 1198 Specifications for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
AWS Classification E6XTX-X-XM E7XTX-X-XM E8XTX-X-XM E9XTX-X-XM E10XTX-K9-K9M M = an argon mix with 75 to 80 argon balance CO2 Tensile ksi 60 - 80 70 - 90 Tensile MPa 410 - 550 480 - 620 Yield ksi 50 58 68 78 88 E71T-1 Second number 1 = all position E70T-1 Second number 0 = flat and horizontal Yield Mpa 340 400 470 540 610

80 - 100 550 - 690 90 - 110 620 - 760 SEE SPEC All DCEP

Hardness:The resistance of the metal or the weld to penetration. Hardness is related to the strength of the metal. A good way to test a weld after the weld and heat treatment are complete is to test the hardness of weld and the base metal surrounding the weld. Ductility:The amount that a metal or weld will deform without breaking. Measured on welds by the % of elongation in 2 inch 51 mm test piece. An E71T-1 flux cored electrode should result in a minimum of 20% elongation. An E70S--6 MIG weld should produce 22%.

WELD POROSITY: Weld porosity, a cavity discontinuity that forms from a weld gas reaction. The weld porosity can trapped in the weld or at the weld surface. The porosity is typically round in shape but can also be elongated
CLUSTER WELD POROSITY. A localized group of pores with random distribution.

Causes. Arc blow, gas flow inconsistency, intermittent material or wire contamination, poor weld parameters or technique. PIPING WELD POROSITY. The pore length is longer than it's width. Often in fillet welds the pore is seen working its way from the root towards the weld surface. Typical porosity when using argon oxygen mixes on parts >6 mm. Increase weld energy, slow weld speed avoid weaves. ALIGNED WELD POROSITY. Linear porosity, an array of

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 10 of 35

round pores in a line. Typically caused from contamination in the metal or electrode. Add energy use arc to break up surface ahead of weld. ELONGATED WELD POROSITY ( wagon tracks). Typically found parallel to weld axis. Classic porosity when moisture is evident in gas shielded flux cored wires. Increasing the flux cored wire stick out and increasing the wire feed rate will help. Baking flux cored wires and storing wires in a dry environment also reduces potential. For MIG welding slow weld speeds, make welds larger, avoid weaves, add energy to decrease weld cooling rate. SCATTERED WELD POROSITY. Porosity scattered randomly throughout the weld. If the weld surface is gray and looks oxidized it's typically insufficient gas flow. If the weld surface looks as clean as normal the scattered porosity is usually caused by part or electrode contamination, or weld data that causes the weld to freeze too rapidly LARGE PORE WELD POROSITY. If weld surface is clean and does not look oxidized, the large pore MIG / FCAW porosity is usually a result of excessive gas flow, gas turbulence with gas flow greater than 40 cuft/hr. If weld surface dirty the cause is often a result of insufficient gas less than 20 cuft /hr.

PRE HEAT ALSO MEANS MINIMUM INTER-PASS TEMPERATURE

Yield ksi MPa Tensile ksi MPa weld Chemistry Electrode

Steels ASTM A53 Types E-S Grade A A53 Types E-S Grade B A53 Type E Grade A

Description Black and hot dipped galvanized pipe

PREHEAT

UNS#

Grade A K02504 Grade B K03005

Grade A-B >30 206 Grade A-B >30 206 >35 241

Grade A-B >48 331 Grade A-B >48 331 >60 413

Pre heat not Req

Carbon 0.25 Mn 0.95 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carb 0.30 Mn 1.2 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carb 0.25 Mn 0.95 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carb 0.3

A53 Type E Grade B A53 Type S Grade A

preheat >25mm 100F

Pre heat not Req

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 11 of 35

A53 Type S Grade B ASTM A105 ASTM A106-A

>35 241

>60 413

preheat >25mm 100F

Mn 1.2 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 Weld same as A53

>30 206

>48 330

Seamless Carbon High Temp Service preheat >25mm 100f

KO2501

Carb 0.25 Mn 0.93 E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X Carb 0.3 Mn 1.06 Si 0.1min E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X Carb 0.3 Mn 1.06 Si 0.1min E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X

A106-B

>35 241

>60 413

K03006

A106-C

>40 275

>70 482

preheat 12-25mm 100F >25 mm 200F Over 0.25 Carbon Post heat 1200F

K03501

A106 Steel Black Pipe, HOT Dipped or galvanized Steel Pipe arc welded over 40 cm Steel Pipe Resistance Welded

ASTM A120 ASTM A134

Similar to A53 Conforms with A285

Not specified If galvan use E70S-3

E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X Carbon 0.25 Mn 0.95 E60XX E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X Carbon 0.3 Mn 1.2 E60XX E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X

ASTM A135-A

>30 206

>48 330

A135-B

>35 241

>60 413

ASTM A139-B

>35 241

>60 413

Steel Pipe arc welded >100mm

KO3003

carbon 0.3 Mn 1.0

E60XX E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X

A139-C

>42 289

>60 413

K03004

carbon 0.3 Mn 1.2

E60XX E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X

A139-D

>46 317

>60 413

preheat >12mm 100F

K03010

carbon 0.3 Mn 1.3

E60XX E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X

A139-E

>52 358

>66 455

preheat >12mm 100F

K03012

carbon 0.3 Mn 1.4

E60XX E7018

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 12 of 35

E70S-6 E7XT-X

A139-A

>30 206

>48 330 High temp pipe

no spec

E60XX E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X

ASTM A155

E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1

carbon 0.1/0.2 Mn 0.3/0.8 Si 0.25max E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X carbon 0.1/0.2 Mn 0.3/0.8 Si 0.1/0.5 Mo0.44/0.65 E7010-A1 E7018-A1 E8XT-X carbon 0.06/0.18 Mn 0.27/0.63 E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X carbon 0.35 Mn 0.8 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E7XT-X carbon 0.06/0.18 Mn 0.27/0.63 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E7XT-X carbon 0.06/0.18 Mn 0.27/0.63 Si 0.25max E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-X

ASTM A161

>26 179

>47 324

Steel Tubes Refinery Service

preheat 25/50mm 100F 50/100mm 200F Post Heat required 1200F

K01504

A161-T1

>30 206

>55 379

K11522

ASTM A178-A

NOT SPEC

Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes 12 to 125mm

K01200

A178-C

>37

>60 413

K03503

ASTM A179

no spec

Heat Exchanger Condenser Tubes 3 - 75 mm OD High Pressure refer to Boiler Tubes coded 12 - 175 mm OD Alloy steel heat exchanger Tubes
<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

K01200

ASTM A192

no spec approx

>26

K01201

>47

ASTM A199

S50200
carbon 0.15max Mn 0.3/0.65 Si 0.5 max Cr 1.65/2.35 Mo 0.44/0.6 E9018-B3 E9XT-1-B3 carbon 0.15max Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr 2.1/2.8 Mo 0.44/0.65 E9018-B3 flux cored E9XT-1-B3 carbon 0.15max Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr 4/6 Mo 0.45/0.65 E9018-B3 flux cored E9XT-1-B3 carbon 0.15max

ASTM A199 T3b

>25 172

>60 413

<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

K21509

ASTM A199 T4

>25

>60

<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

K31509

ASTM A199 T5

>25

>60

<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

K41545

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 13 of 35

ASTM A199 T7

>25

>60

<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

S50300

Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr 6/.8 Mo 0.45/0.65 E8018-B2 flux cored E8XT-1-B2 carbon 0.15max Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.25/1 Cr 8/10 Mo 0.9/1.1 E8018-B2 flux cored E8XT-1-B2 carbon 0.15max Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr 1/1.5 Mo 0.44/0.65 E8018-B2 flux cored E8XT-1-B2 carbon 0.15max Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr 2.65/3/5 Mo 0.8/1.06 E9018-B3 flux cored E9XT-1-B3 carbon 0.15max Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr 1.9/2.6 Mo 0.87/1.13 E9018-B3 flux cored E9XT-1-B3

ASTM A199 T9

>25

>60

<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

S50400

ASTM A199 T11

>25

>60

<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

K11597

ASTM A199 T21

>25

>60

<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

K31545

ASTM A199 T22

>25

>60

<12mm 200F >12mm 350F Post heat req 1300F

K21590

Back to Top

Question: All position gas shielded flux cored consumables when used for pipe welding can provide superior weld fusion and deposit four times as much as SMAW pipe electrodes. The flux cored wires have been around for more than two decades. Ed why did it take many in the the pipe / pressure vessel industry 25 plus years to accept these great consumables? Answer: If an organization does not have the required weld process expertise, then the management does not have the tools or confidence necessary to implement a major weld process change. The bottom line, for decades the oil / pipe companies, power

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 14 of 35

companies, chemical plants and pressure vessel shops did not have qualified weld management or qualified weld personnel with sufficient FCAW expertise to carry the process flag and lead the way. As we are all aware, many SMAW pipe welders are often diehard traditionalists who are proud of their SMAW skills and often less than enthusiastic to make a change to a process which requires process expertise. The SMAW welders would try the flux cored wires, and many would play around with the unfamiliar MIG equipment controls. Without optimum settings the flux cored consumables would not perform the way they were designed to perform. The stick welders would be disgruntled and resist the feeble attempts by management for a cost affective weld process change.

Steels

Yield ksi >25 172

Tensile Description PREHEAT ksi >60 413 Heat treat Alloy steel and weld Tubes similar to Refinery A199

UNS# Electrode
S50200
Weld similar to A199 ensure chrome Mo levels compatible carbon 0.15 Mn 0.3/0.65 Si 0.5 Cr 1.65/2.35 Mo 0.44/0.65 carbon 0.15 Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1.0 Cr 2.15/2.8 Mo0.44/0.65 carbon 0.15 Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr 4/6 Mo0.45/0.65 carbon 0.15 Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr 6/8 Mo0.45/0.65 carbon 0.15 Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.25/1 Cr 8/10 Mo0.9/1.1 carbon 0.15 Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr1/1.5 Mo0.44/0.65

weld

ASTM A200

ASTM A200 T3b ASTM A200 T4 ASTM A200 T5 ASTM A200 T7 ASTM A200 T9

>25

>60

K21509

>25

>60

K31509

>25

>60

K41545

>25

>60

S50300

>25

>60

S50400

ASTM A200 T11

>25

>60

K11597

E8018-B2 ASTM A200 T21

carbon 0.15 Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr2.65/3.35 Mo 0.8/1

>25

>60

K31545

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 15 of 35

ASTM A200 T22

>25

>60

K21590

carbon 0.15 Mn 0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr1.9/2.6 Mo 0.87/1.13

Back to Top

STRESS RELIEVING (SR). BASIC GUIDELINES:

STRESS RELIEF - CONTROLLED HEATING & COOLING TO REDUCE STRESS. STRESS RELIEF MACHINED PARTS FOR DIMENSIONAL STABILITY. STRESS RELIEF SLOW HEATING AND COOLING REQUIRED CONFIRM WITH CODE SPECIFICAIONS FOR STRESS RELIEF REQUIREMENTS.

TYPICAL STRESS RELIEF SOAK TIME ONE HOUR PER INCH OF THICKNESS PARTS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESSES SR MAX TEMP DIFFERENCE 75oF 24oC STRESS RELIEF CARBON 0.5% Mo 1100oF 593oC TO 1250oF 677oC

SR HEAT & COOL RATE PER HOUR 400oF 204oC DIVIDE THICKER PART STRESS RELIEF CARBON STEELS 1100oF 593oC TO 1250oF 677oC SR 1% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC SR 2% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC SR 5% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1200oF 649oC TO 1375oF 746oC SR 9% CHROME 1% Mo 1300oF 704oC TO 1400oF 760oC SR 16% CHROME 430 STEEL 1400oF 760oC TO 1500oF 815oC FOR 300 SERIES STAINLESS SR WILL RESULT IN CARBIDE PRECIPITATION SR 400 SERIES CLAD STAINLESS 1100oF 593oC TO 1350oF 732oC STRESS RELIEF MAGNESIUM AZ31B 0 500oF 260oC 15 MIN HK31A H24 550oF 288oC 30 MIN HM21A T8-T81 700oF 371oC 30 MIN

SR 1.25 % CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC

SR 2.25 % CHROME 1% Mo 1200oF 649oC TO 1375oF 746oC SR 7% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1300oF 704oC TO 1400oF 760oC SR 12% CHROME 410 STEEL 1550oF 843oC TO 1600oF 871oC

SR 9% NICKEL 1025oF 552oC TO 1085oF 585oC

WITH LOW CARBON 300 SERIES MAX SR 1050oF 566oC SR CLAD MONEL INCONEL Cu NICKEL 1150oF 621oC TO 1200oF 649oC

STRESS RELIEF MAGNESIUM AZ31B H24 300oF 149oC 60 MIN

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 16 of 35

MAGNESIUM WITH MORE THAN 1.5% ALUMINUM STRESS RELIEF AZ-63A 81A 91C & 92A 500oF 260oC 60 MIN

MAGNESIUM CAST ALLOYS AM100A 500oF 260oC 60 MIN

Why is it rare to find anyone in a pipe / pressure vessel shop that can tell you [a] the 0.045 (1.2mm) MIG wire feed position and weld voltage which is the starting point for spray transfer? [b] the 0.045 gas shielded E71T-1 optimum single wire feed setting and voltage for welding 6 mm steel plate or pipe vertical up? If an industry, in which many of it's educators, engineers and managers places little importance in weld process control training, why should we expect welders to focus on the weld process details.

Steels ASTM A209

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description

PREHEAT

UNS#

weld Electrode chemistry

Carb Moly Post Heat Boiler Super req 1150 to Heater Tubes 1350F
carb 0.1/0.2 Mn 0.3/0.8 Si 0.1/0.5 Mo0.44/0.65

ASTM A209 T1

>30 206

>55 379

preheat >25mm 150F

K11522

E7018-A1 E8XT-1-A1 E80S-6

carb 0.15/0.25 Mn 0.3/0.8 Si 0.1/0.5 Mo0.44/0.65

ASTM >32 A209 T1a 220

>60 413

preheat 12-25mm 150F >25mm 250F

K12023

E7018-A1 E8XT-1-A1 E80S-6

carb 0.14max Mn 0.3/0.8 Si 0.1/0.5 Mo0.44/0.65

ASTM >28 A209 T1b 193

>53 365

preheat >25mm 150F

K11422

E7018-A1 E8XT-1-A1 E80S-6

Why in the welding industry is it difficult to find someone who knows the real cost of a MIG or flux cored weld? If an industries focus is on on the cost of the weld wire or gas and that industry ignores the MIG or flux cored wire

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 17 of 35

feed rates (weld deposition rates) attained, it's understandable when the real cost of a weld is rarely understood.

Steels

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description
Medium Carbon Stl Boiler Super Heater Tubes 12mm 125mm OD

Preheat

UNS#

Weld Electrode Chemistry

ASTM A210

ASTM A210 A-1

>37 255

>60 413

Check ASME Code

K02707

carb 0.27max Mn 0.93 Si 0.1 Mo0.44/0.65

E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1

carb 0.35max Mn 0.29 Si 0.1 Mo0.44/0.65

ASTM A210 C

>40 275

>70 482

K03501

E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 Mild steel pipe E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1

ASTM A211

A shortage of skilled weld personel. The manager states, "how will we ever replace this aging, highly skilled welding workforce"? TIG - MIG and FCAW Weld Reality: With all the issues that occur with with welding, managers often perceive that the welding processes are complex. Lets face it if managers have to watch their highly skilled welders and robot programmers play around with the weld equipment controls for decades, then its logical to assume that they will think the processes are difficult to control and complex. THE WELD REALITY: Its important to note that for code quality pipe welds, the TIP TIG process is easy to learn. The majority of welding issues that occur daily in the MIG / flux cored welding shops are a result of an industry and educational system that for decades placed no focus or importance on weld process control

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 18 of 35

expertise. When training a suitable individual who has never welded, it will take no more than 3 days to train a TIP TIG welder to weld all position pipe and approx. 5 days to train that person to be a MIG / flux cored welder who can pass any weld qualification / code requirements. Consider my CD process control training resources, they are a great training aid for guys who dont want to "play around" with their weld controls.. WELD PERSONNEL WHO ARE PROUD OF THEIR SKILLS WILL ALSO TAKE PRIDE IN THEIR PROCESS KNOWLEDGE AND IN THEIR CAPABILITY IN CONTROLLING THE WELD PROCESSES THEY OPERATE.
Yield ksi MPa Tensile ksi MPa Weld Electrode Chemistry
carbon 0.2 Mn 0.61 Si 0.3 Cr 0.81 Mo 0.65

Steels

Description

PREHEAT

UNS#

ASTM A213 T2

>30

>60

Ferritic Austenitic Super heater Tubes

Preheat 300F Post Heat 1200F

K11547

E8018-B2 E8XT1-B2
carbon 0.15max Mn 0.65 Si 0.5 Cr2.35 Mo 0.65

ASTM A213 T3-b

>30

>60

Preheat <25mm 200F >25mm 250F

K21509

E9018-B3 E9XT-B3
Preheat <12mm 100F >12mm 600F Post heat 1400F carbon 0.15max Mn 0.6 Si 0.5 Cr4/6 Mo 0.65

ASTM A213 T5

>25

>60

K41545

E502T-1
Preheat <12mm 100F >12mm 600F Post heat 1400F carbon 0.15max Mn 0.6 Si 1/2 Cr4/6 Mo 0.65

ASTM A213 T5-b

>30

>60

K51545

E502T-1
Preheat <12mm 100F >12mm 600F Post heat 1400F carbon 0.12max Mn 0.6 Si 0.5 Cr4/6 Mo 0.56

ASTM A213 T5c

>30

>60

K41245

E502T-1 ASTM A213 T7

Preheat <12mm 100F >12mm 600F Post heat 1400F carbon 0.12max Mn 0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr6/8 Mo 0.56 carbon 0.15max Mn 0.6 Si 1.0 Cr 8/10 Mo 1.1

>30

>60

K50300

ASTM A213 T9

>30

>60

Preheat <12mm 100F >12mm 600F Post heat 1400F

k50400

E502T-1
carbon

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 19 of 35

ASTM A213 T11

>30

>60

Preheat <12mm 100F >12mm 250F Post heat 1200F

k11597

0.15max Mn 0.6 Si 1.0 Cr1/1.5 Mo 0.65

E8018-B2 E8XT1-B2
carbon 0.15max Mn 0.61 Si 0.5 Cr0.8/1.25 Mo 0.65

ASTM A213 T12

>30

>60

Preheat <12mm 100F >12mm 250F Post heat 1200F

K11562

E8018-B2 E8XT1-B2
carbon 0.25max Mn 0.61 Si 0.35 Cr0.8/1.25 V 0.15

ASTM A213 T17

>30

>60

Preheat 350F > Post heat 1100F

K12047

E8018-B2 E8XT1-B2
carbon 0.15max Mn 0.6 Si 0.5 Cr2.65/3.5 Mo 1.06

ASTM A213 T21

>30

>60

Preheat 400F > Post heat 1300F

K31545

E9018-B3 E9XT-B3
Preheat <12mm 150F >12mm 250F Post heat 1300F carbon 0.15max Mn 0.6 Si 0.5 Cr1.9/2.6 Mo 1.13

ASTM A213 T22

>30

>60

K21590

E9018-B3 E9XT-B3

Steels

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description Carbon Steel Heat Exchanger Condenser Tubes

PREHEAT UNS#

weld Electrode chemistry

carbon 0.18max Mn 0.27/0.63

ASTM A214

Not Specified

K01807

E60XX E7018 E70S-6 E7XT-1

carbon 0.16/0.18 Mn 0.27/0.63 Si 0.25max

ASTM A226

>26 179

>47 324

Carbon steel boiler Super heater tubes 12 to 25 mm OD

K01201

E60XX E70XX E70S-3 E7XT-1

ASTM A249 ASTM A250

Stainless tubes
Carbon Moly Boiler Super heater tubes carbon 0.1/0.2 Mn 0.3/0.8 Si 0.1/0.5 Mo 0.44/0.6

ASTM A250 T1

>30 206

>55 379

preheat >25mm 100F >50mm 200F Post Heat

K11522

E7018-A1

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 20 of 35

1200F

E70T5-A1 E8XT1-A1
carbon 0.15/0.25 Mn 0.3/0.8 Si 0.1/0.5 Mo 0.44/0.6

ASTM A250 T1a

>32 220

>60 413

preheat >12mm 100F >25mm 275F Post Heat 1200F

E7018-A1 E70T5-A1 E8XT1-A1

carbon 0.14max Mn 0.3/0.8 Si 0.1/0.5 Mo 0.44/0.6

ASTM A250 T1b

>28 193

>53 365

preheat >25mm 100F >50mm 200F Post Heat 1200F

K11422

E7018-A1 E70T5-A1 E8XT1-A1

ASTM A252

Mild steel pipe weld same as A53 Ferritic stainless tube general service
carbon 0.08max Mn 1.0 Ni 0.5 Cr 11.5/13.5 Al 0.1/0.3

ASTM A268

ASTM A268 Tp 405

>30 206

>60 413

S405000

E410 ASTM A268 Tp 410

Pre heat 600F Post heat 1400, post not req if low hyd used carbon 0.15max Mn 1.0 Ni 0.5 Cr11.5/13.5

>30 206

>60 413

S41000

E410 E310 S40900

carbon 0.15max Mn 1.0 Ni 0.5

ASTM A268 Tp 409 ASTM A268 Tp 329 ASTM A268 Tp 430 ASTM A269 stainless tubes

E410 S32900 E312 E309 E430

Toughness:The ability of the metal or weld sample at a predetermined temperature to withstand a shock. The test for toughness measures the impact of a pendulum on a notched specimen. You may see that the required impact properties for the metal or weld are 20ft-lbf @ -20 F (27 j @ -29C). Some things that can influence toughness in a weld;
[] lack of fusion. [] excess weld heat. [] porosity in welds and laminations in the steels. [] weld undercut.

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 21 of 35

[] incorrect weld profiles [] incorrect weld consumables.

Steels ASTM A333

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description
Steel pipe for low temp Service

PREHEAT

UNS#

weld Electrode chemistry

ASTM A333-1

>30 227

>55 379

Pre heat >carb >0.26 K03008 >25mm 100F

carbon 0.3max Mn0.4/0.6

E7018 E70S-6 E7IT-1 E8018-C3

carbon 0.19max Mn0.31max Si 0.18/0.37 Ni3.16/3.82

ASTM A333-3

>35

>65

Pre heat 150F Post heat 1200F

E8018-C1 E91T1Ni2
carbon 0.12max Mn0.5/1.05 Si 0.08/0.37 Ni0.47/0.98 Cr 1.01 Cu0.4/0.75 AL0.04/0.30

ASTM A333-4

>35 241

>60 413

Pre heat <25 mm 150F >25 mm KO3006 300F. Post heat 1200F

E8018-W E80T1Ni2
carbon 0.3max Mn0.29/1.06

ASTM A333-6

>35 241

>60 413

Pre heat >carb >0.26 >25mm 100F

E8018-W E7018 E70S-6 E7IT-1 E8018-C3

ASTM A333-7

>35 241

>65

Pre heat 150F Post heat 1200F

K21903

carbon 0.19max Mn0.9max Ni 2.03/2.57

E8018-C1 E80T5Ni2
carbon 0.13max Mn0.9max Si 0.32max Ni 8.4/9.6

ASTM A333-8

>75

>100

Pre heat 200F Max inter-pass 400F

Mn 0.9 Ni 8.4/9.6
carbon 0.2max Mn 0.4/ 1.06 Ni 1.6/2.24 Cu0.75/1.25

ASTM A333-9

>46 317

>63 434

Pre heat 150F Post heat 1200F

K22035

E8018-C1 E80T5Ni2

Fatigue: The ability of a metal or weld to withstand repeated

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 22 of 35

loads. Fatigue failures occur at stress levels less than the metal or weld yield strength. Some things that can influence fatigue failure: Excess weld profiles. Welds which cause undercut. FCAW or SMAW slag inclusions. Lack of weld penetration. Excess weld heat, typically from multi-pass welds without inter-pass temp controls. Items to a part that adds restraint while welding. Items added to a part that can concentrate stresses in a specific location. Incorrect selection of filler metal, weld too weak or weld too strong.
Steels ASTM A334 Yield ksi Tensile ksi Description
Carbon low alloy tubes for low tem service carbon 0.3max Mn 0.4/ 1.06 PREHEAT

UNS#

weld Electrode

ASTM A334-1

>30 206

>55 379

Preheat Carb >0.25 or steel >25mm 100F

K03008

E7018 E70S-6 E71T-1 E8018-C3

carbon 0.19max Mn0.31/0.64 Si0.18/0.37 Ni 3.18/3.82 E8018-C1 E81T-1-Ni2 carbon 0.03max Mn0.29/1.06 Si0.1min

ASTM A334-3

>35 241

>65 448

Preheat 150F >25mm 250F post 1200F

K31918

ASTM A334-6

>35

>60

Preheat Carb >0.25 or steel >25mm 100F

K03006

E7018 E70S-6 E71T-1

carbon 0.19max Mn0.9max Si 0.13/0.3 Ni 2.2 2.57 E8018-C1 E81T-1-Ni2 carbon 0.13max Mn0.9max Si 0.13/0.32 Ni 8.4/ 9.6 carbon 0.2max Mn0.4/1.06 Ni 1.6/2.24 Cu 0.75/1.25 E8018-W E80T1-W

ASTM A334-7

>35

>65

Preheat 150F >25mm 250F post 1200F

K21903

ASTM A334-8

>75 517

>100 689

K81340

ASTM A334-9

>46

>63

Preheat 150F >25mm 250F post 1200F

K22035

Brittleness: The ease at which the weld or metal will break or crack without appreciable deformation. When a metal gets harder it becomes more brittle. Preheat, inter-pass temp controls and post heat all are designed to reduce the potential

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 23 of 35

for brittleness.
Yield ksi MPa Tensile ksi MPa weld Electrode chemistry

Steels

Description Ferritic Alloy Steel pipe for high temp service

PREHEAT UNS#

ASTM A335

S50200
carbon 0.2max Mn0.3/0.86 Si 0.1/0.5

ASTM A335-P1

>30 206

>55 379

preheat >25mm 100F >50mm 200F

K11522

E70XX-A1 E70S-6 E71T-1

carbon 0.2max Mn0.3/0.61 Si 0.1/0.5 Mo0.44/0.65

A335-P2

>30 206

>55 379

preheat carb <0.15 <25mm 150F >25mm or carb >0.15 300F. Post heat >25mm 1200F

K11547

E8018-B2 E80T5-B2
carbon 0.15max Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr4/6 Mo0.45/0.65

A335-P5

>30

>60

preheat >12mm 400F post heat 1375F

K41545

E502T-1
carbon 0.15max Mn 0.6 Si 1/2 Cr4/6 Mo0.45/0.65 Cr4/6 Mo0.45/0.65 Si 1/2

A335-P5b

>30

>60

preheat >12mm 600F post heat 1375F

k51545

E502T-1
carbon 0.12max Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr4/6 Mo0.45/0.65 Cr4/6 Mo0.45/0.65 Ti/Cu

A335-P5c

>30

>60

Ferritic Alloy Steel pipe for high temp service

preheat >12mm 600F post heat 1375F

K41245

E502T-1
preheat >12mm 600F post heat 1375F carbon 0.15max Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr6/8 Mo0.45/0.65 Cr6/8 Mo0.44/0.65 carbon 0.15max Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.25/1 Cr8/10 Mo0.9/1.1

A335-P7

>30

>60

S50300

A335-P9

>30

>60

preheat >12mm 600F post heat 1375F

S50400

E502T-1
preheat <25 mm 150F >25mm 300F post heat 1200F carbon 0.15max Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr1/1.5 Mo0.44/0.65

A335-P11

>30

>60

K11597

E8018-B2 E80T5-B2 K11562

carbon 0.15max Mn0.3/0.61 Si 0.5 Cr0.8/1.25

A335-P12

>30

>60

preheat <25 mm 150F >25mm 300F

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 24 of 35

post heat 1200F

E8018-B2 E80T5-B2
carbon 0.15max Mn0.3/0.61 Si 1.15/1.65 Mo0.44/0.65

A335-P15

>30

>60

Ferritic Alloy Steel pipe for high temp service

preheat >12 mm 100F >25mm 200F

K11578

E7018-A1 E70S-6 E71T-1

carbon 0.15max Mn0.3/0.61 Si 0.5 Cr2.65/3.35 Mo0.8/1.06

A335-P21

>30

>60

preheat 400F > post heat 1350F

K31545

E9018-B3 E9T5-B3 Ferritic Alloy Steel pipe for high temp service
preheat <25 mm 150F >25mm 300F post heat 1300F carbon 0.15max Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr1.9/2.6 Mo0.87/1.13

A335-P22

>30

>60

K21590

E9018-B3 E9T5-B3

Back to Top

Steels ASTM A369 FP1-FP2 FP3b-FP5 FP7-FP9 FP11-FP12 FP21-FP22 FPA-FPB A369 FP1

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description

PREHEAT UNS#

Weld Electrode Chemistry

Carbon and ferritic alloy forged bored pipe high temp service preheat >25mm 150F Post heat req 1200F preheat <13mm 100F <25mm 250F >25mm 400F Post heat req >25mm 1200F preheat >13mm 150F <50mm 250F Post heat req 1200F preheat >12mm 600F Post heat req 1375F
carbon 0.2 Mn0.3/0.8 Si0.1/0.5 Mo0.44/0.65

>30 206

>60 413

K11522

E7018-A1 E70T5-A1
carbon 0.1/0.2 Mn0.3/0.61 Si0.3 Cr0.5/0.81 Mo0.44/0.65

A369 FP2

>30 206

>55

K11547

E8018-B2 E80T1-B2
carbon 0.15 Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr1.65/2.35 Mo0.44/0.65

A369 FP3b

>30 206

>60 413

K21509

E9018-B3 E90T5-B3
carbon 0.15 Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr 4/6 Mo0.44/0.65 E502T-1

A369 FP5

>30 206

>60 413

K41545

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 25 of 35

A369 FP7

>30 206

>60 413

preheat >12mm 600F Post heat req 1375F preheat >12mm 600F Post heat req 1375F preheat <25mm 150F >25mm 300F Post heat req 1200F preheat <25mm 150F >25mm 300F Post heat req 1200F preheat 500F Post heat req 1350F preheat <25mm 175F >25mm 275F Post heat req 1300F

S50300

carbon 0.15 Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr 6/8 Mo0.44/0.65 carbon 0.15 Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr 8/10 Mo0.9/1.1 carbon 0.15 Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5/1 Cr 1/1.5 Mo0.44/0.65

A369 FP9

>30 206

>60 413

K90941

A369 FP11

>30 206

>60 413

K11597

E8018-B2 E80T1-B2
carbon 0.15 Mn0.3/0.61 Si 0.5 Cr 0.8/1.25 Mo0.44/0.65

A369 FP12

>30 206

>60 413

K11562

E8018-B2 E80T1-B2
carbon 0.15 Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr 2.65/3.35 Mo0.8/1.06

A369 FP21

>30 206

>60 413

K31545

E9018-B3 E90T5-B3
carbon 0.15 Mn0.3/0.6 Si 0.5 Cr 1.9/2.6 Mo0.87/1.13

A369 FP22

>30 206

>60 413

K21590

E9018-B3 E90T5-B3 K02501 K03006 E7018 E71T-1 E7018 E71T-1

Carbon 0.26 Mn1.40max Y35 To Y56

A369 FPA A369 FPB ASTM A381 Y35-Y42 Y46-Y48 Y50-Y52 Y56 Y60 -Y65
preheat carbon <0.2 >25mm 50F

35-65

60-80

High pressure pipe

>25mm 100F

K03013
preheat carbon >0.2 >25mm 150F >25mm 250F

E70XX E71T-1
Y60 To Y65

E9018-M

ASTM A405

Ferritic alloy steel pipe high temp service preheat <25mm 175F >25mm 300F post heat req 1200F Low alloy tube
Carbon 0.15 carbon 0.15 Mn 0.6Ce 0.8/1.25 Mo 0.87/1.13 v 0.25 E8018-B2 E9018-B3 E80T5-B2

A405 P24

30-50

60-80 413-551

K11591

ASTM A423 1-2

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 26 of 35

ASTM A423-1

>37 255

>60 413

K11535

Mn 0.55 Si 0.1 Ni 0.2/0.7 Cr 0.24/1.31

E8018-B2
Carbon 0.15 Mn 0.5/1 Si 0.1 Ni 0.4/1.1 Mo 0.1 Cu 0.3/1

ASTM A423-2

>37 255

>60 413

preheat refer to ASME

K11540

E88018C3

ASTM A426

Cast ferritic alloy pipe high temp service

Malleability: The ability of a metal or weld to be permanently deformed by compression such as in a rolling or forming operation. Ductile metals are malleable.
Yield ksi MPa Tensile ksi Description MPa Cast ferritic alloy pipe high temp service preheat 1225mm 100F>25mm J12521 200F post heat req 1200f preheat <12mm 150F<25mm 250F >25 J11547 mm 400F post heat req 1200f preheat >12mm 600Fpost heat req 1375F preheat >12mm 600Fpost heat req 1375F preheat >12mm 600Fpost heat req 1375F preheat >12mm 600Fpost heat req
carbon 0.25 Mn0.8 Si 0.5 Mo 0.65 E7018-A1 E70T5-A1

Steels

PREHEAT

UNS#

weld Electrode chemistry

ASTM A426

A426 CP1

>35

>65

A426 CP2

>30 206

>60 413

carbon 0.2 Mn0.61 Mo 0.65 Cr 0.8

A426 CP5

>60

>90

J42045

carbon 0.2 Mn0.7 Mo 0.65 Cr 6.5 E502T-1 carbon 0.15 Mn0.6 Si 2 Mo 0.6 Cr 6 E502T-1 carbon 0.15 Mn0.6 Si 1 Mo 0.65 Cr 8 carbon 0.2 Mn0.65 Si 1 Mo 1.2 Cr 10

A426 CP5b

>30 206

>60 413

J51545

A426 CP7

>30

>65

J61594

A426 CP9

J82090

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 27 of 35

1375F preheat <12mm 150F <25mm 250F >25mm 350F post heat req 1200F preheat <12mm 100F >12mm 250F >25mm 350F post heat req 1200F preheat >12mm 100F >25mm 200F post heat opt preheat <100mm 500F post heat req 1350F preheat <25mm 200F >25mm 400F post heat req 1300F

E505T-1

A426 CP11

>40

>70

J12072

carbon 0.2 Mn0.65 Mo 0.65 Cr 1.5 E8018-B2 E80T-B2

A426 CP12

>30 206

>60 413

J11562

E8018-B2 E80T-B2

A426 CP15

J11522

E7018-A1 E70T5-A1

A426 CP21

J31545

carbon 0.15 Mn0.6 Mo 1.06 Cr 3.35 E9018-B3 E90T1-B3 carbon 0.18 Mn0.7 Mo 1.2 Cr 2.75 E9018-B3 E90T1-B3 carbon 0.15 Mn 1 Mo 05 Cr 14 E410

A426 CP22

>40

>70

J21890

A426 CPCA15
condenser tubes conforms to A199/A179 A213/A249/A334

J91150

ASTM 498

Grain Size. A good way to demonstrate the effect of the grain size on a metal or weld. Take a full length wooden pencil, then break it in half, now break the two halves in two, try it again. You will note how difficult it is to break the smaller pieces. When we weld, the heat from the weld can make the grains in the base metal elongate, as the weld cools down the grains will get smaller. If we are doing multi-pass welds such as welding in the vee-prep of a pipe, and we don't have inter-pass, or post heat controls the welds may look good, however the high energy from the mult-pass welds may result in grain size greater than that approved by the pipe / steel manufactures. In fatigue situations, elongated grains can influence failure.

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 28 of 35

Steels ASTM A500

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description Structural steel cold formed tube

PREHEAT UNS#

Weld Electrode Chemistry

A500-A

33-39

>45

K03000

carb 0.26 Mn 1.1 Cu 0.2min E7018 if Cu specified E8018W E80T1-W carb 0.26 Mn 1.1 Cu 0.2min E7018 if Cu specified E8018W E80T1-W carb 0.23 Mn 1.35 Cu 0.2min E7018 if Cu specified E8018W E80T1-W carbon 0.26 Mn 1.1 Cu 0.2 E7018 if Cu specified E8018W E80T1-W

A500-B

42-46

>58

K03000

A500-C

>46 317

>62 427

K02705

ASTM A501

>36

>58

Hot formed carbon steel tubes structural Stainless mechanical tubing Cold drawn carb stell mech tubing Conform to AISI Resistance welded carbon and alloy steel mechanical tubing. Conforms to AISI Seamless carbon and alloy steel mechanical tubes. Conforms to AISI

ASTM A511

ASTM A512

WELD SAME AS A216

ASTM A513

WELD SAME AS A161

ASTM A519

WELD SAME AS A161

HAVE YOU EVER PURCHASED A BOOK ON WELDING? Most welding books can be boring and few provide practical, cost effective weld data. My books are easy to read and will make you a weld process expert.

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 29 of 35

Steels ASTM A523

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description

PREHEAT UNS#

Weld Electrode Chemistry

A523-A

>30

>48

K02504

carbon 0.22 0.21 Mn 0.9 E60XX E70XX E71T-1 carbon 0.26 0.27 Mn 1.15 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1

A523-B

>35

>60

KO3005

ASTM A524

seamless carbon steel pipe low temp applications carbon 0.21 Mn 0.9/1.35 Si0.4 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1

A524-1-2

>35

60-85

K02104

ASTM A539 ASTM A556 A557 A2-B2-C2

weld same as A161 feed water heater tubes weld same as A161 carbon 0.15 Mn 0.63 Al 0.1/0.2 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1

ASTM A587

>30

>48

Low carbon steel pipe for chemical use

K11500

Ed, why can't we use an E71T-1 flux cored wire and weld the pipe root pass and also weld the pipe fill passes vertical down? You could, however the flux cored process is not suited to gaps, as the arc energy is too high. When welding vertical down with a flux cored wire, you will trap the fast freeze slag which will get your QC personnel agitated

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 30 of 35

Steels

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description

PREHEAT

UNS#

weld Electrode chemistry butt welded carbon 0.2 Mn 0.3/0.6 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carbon 0.25 Mn 0.9

ASTM A589

>25

>45

Carbon steel water well pipe

A589-A

>30

>48

E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carbon 0.3 Mn 1.2 E60XX E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 low carbon steel tubes tapered for structural carbon 0.15/0.25 Mn 0.3/0.9 Si 0.4 E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carbon 0.15/0.25 Mn 0.4/1.35 Si 0.4 E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carbon 0.12 Mn 0.2/0.5 Ni 0.65 Si 0.75 Cr0.3/1.25 Cu 0.25/0.55 E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1

A589-B

>35

>60

ASTM A595

A595-A

>55

>65

K02004

A595-B

>60

>70

K02005

A595-C

>60

>70

if galvanized use E70S-3 rather than E70S-6

K11526

ASTM A618

seamless high strength low alloy structural tubes

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 31 of 35

A618-1

K02601 carbon 0.22 Mn 0.85/1.5 Cu 0.2 Si 0.3 V 0.02 E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carbon 0.15 Mn 1 Cu 0.2 E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 carbon 0.2 Mn 1.35 Cu 0.2 E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1 cast carbon steel pipe E70XX E70S-6 E71T-1

A618-11

>50

>70

K12609

A618-111

K12700

A618-1a

>50

>70

A618-1b

>50

>70

ASTM A660

1990s: Ed Teaching Jessie, age 11, how to do the pipe MIG root pass

Yield

Tensile

Weld

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 32 of 35

Steels

ksi MPa

ksi MPa

Description

PREHEAT

UNS#

Electrode Chemistry conforms to ASTM A203/A285 /A299/A355 and many others. Check ASTM plate conforms to ASTM A202/A204 /A225/A285 and many others. Check ASTM plate E8018-C3 E9018-M E9018-M E10018-M

ASTM A671

Steel pipe for low temp applications

ASTM A672

high pressure pipe for medium temp service

A672-D80 E55-E60 A672-H75 M75-N75 A672-H80 J80-J90K75-M70 A672-L75 J100 ASTM A691 A691-CM/65 A691-CM-70 A691-CM-75 A691-CMSH70 A691-CMS A691-CMSH80 if Cr 0.5/2. 25 weld with E8018-B2

conforms to 204/299 /A387/A537 Check out ASTM plate E7018-A1 E7018-A1 E10018-M E7018 E9018-M E8018-C3

Steels

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description

PREHEAT

UNS#

Weld Electrode Chemistry carbon0.17 Mn0.46/0.94 Si 0.18/0.37 Mo0.42/0.68 E7018-A1 E71T-1 E70S-6

ASTM A692

>42

64 - 84

Medium strength carb moly alloy boiler tubes

K12121

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 33 of 35

ASTM A714

High strength low alloy seamless steel pipe preheat >12mm 50F >25mm 100F CL2 Carbon 0.22 Mn 1.25 Cu 0.2 E7018 E71T-1 E70S-6 CL2 Carbon 0.22 Mn0.85/1.25 Cu 0.2 V 0.02 E7018 E71T-1 E70S-6 CL2 Carbon 0.23 Mn 1.35 Cu 0.2 V 0.02 E7018 E71T-1 E70S-6 CL4 Carbon 0.1 Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2/0.5 Cr 0.8/1.2 Cu 0.45 V 0.02 E7018 E71T-1 E70S-6 CL4-pF Carbon 0.16 Mn 0.41 Ni 1.65 Cu 0.08 E8018-C1 CL4-Tp ES Carbon 0.15 Mn 0.5/1 Ni 0.4/1.1 Cu 0.3 Mo 0.2 Cu 0.3/1 E8018-C3 CL4-Tp ES Carbon 0.12 Mn 0.5 Ni 0.65 Cu 0.3/1.25 Mo 0.2 Cu 0.55 CL4-Tp ES Carbon 0.19 Mn 1.25 Ni 0.4/ Cr 0.65 Cu 0.4 V 0.1

A714-1

>50

>70

K12608

A714-11

>50

>70

preheat >12mm 50F >25mm 100F

K12609

A714-111

>50

>65

preheat >12mm 50F >25mm 100F

K12709

A714--1V

>36

>58

preheat to 1.2 carb >12mm 50F >25mm 100F

K11356

A714-V

>40 (E&S) >46

>55 (E&S) >65

preheat to 1.2 carb >12mm 50F >25mm 100F preheat to 1.2 carb >12mm 50F >25mm 100F preheat to 1.2 carb >12mm 50F >25mm 100F preheat to 1.2 carb >12mm 50F >25mm 100F

K22035

A714-V1

K11835

A714-V11

>45

>65

A714-V111

>50

>70

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 34 of 35

Visit the MIG and flux cored pipe weld data section

If you are teaching your self, or providing weld process control training for others, the following resources are the key to attaining MIG and flux cored weld process optimization.
Item.1. The Book: "A Management & Engineers Guide To MIG Weld Quality, Productivity & Costs" Item 2. A unique robot MIG training or self teaching resource. "Optimum Robot MIG Welds from Weld Process Controls". Item 3. A unique MIG training or self teaching resource. " Manual MIG Weld Process Optimization from Weld Process Controls". Item. 4. A unique flux cored training or self teaching resource. "Optimum Manual and Automated Flux Cored Plate and Pipe welds. Item 5a."Proceso de Soldadura MIG Manual" (MIG Made Simple. Self teaching in Spanish) Item 6a. The Self Teaching MIG Book/ Video. (MIG Made Simple in English). Note: Items 2-3-4 are the most comprehensive process control, self teaching and training programs ever developed.. Visit Ed's MIG / flux cored process control books and CD training resources.

Use Ed's process control resources to provide optimum PQR's and weld procedures, however if you want the most simple method to develop ASME - API - AWS weld procedures, check out;

To visit WPSAmerica click here.

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12

ASTM, API, Pipe Welding, Galvanized, MIG and Flux Core Welds

Page 35 of 35

For the world's best weld process TIP TIG visit here.

All Welding and Steels Programs: / Ed's Welding Books, Manuals & CD Training Resources Home Page. A perspective on the Global Welding Industry || TIP TIG Welding Home || TIP TIG VS TIG Welding Videos || TIP TIG Welding Pictures ||TIG welding Tips || Automated TIG Welding || TIP TIG Welding News || TIP TIG Pipe Welding || MIG Welding Gases || MIG Welding short Circuit Gage < 4 mm || MIG Spray Welds > 4 mm || Pulsed MIG Welding Facts || MIG Arc Blow || MIG Welding / Pulsed Equipment || MIG Welding Tests || MIG Welding Aluminum & Data || MIG Welding Stainless Steels & Data || MIG Welding Duplex Steels & Data || MIG Welding Nickel Alloys || MIG Weld & flux cored welding / Ships, Oil Platforms. || MIG Welding Consumables & Steels || Pulsed Mig Cladding & Overlay || Robotic Welding & Best Practices & Process Controls || Robot MIG Welding Tips || MIG Welding Costs || MIG & Flux Cored Pipe Welding || Flux Cored Welding Test (FCAW) || Self Shielded Flux Cored Issues || Weld Safety || ASTM - API - CSA - AISI - Tool Steels & Weld Data || Oxy Fuel Cutting and Gas Data || TIG Welding || Bad Welds || Bad Welds Auto / Truck Industry || Metric Welding Conversions || MIG Welding Forum QA Advice. || Welding Main || TIG Welding Main

Email Ed Craig at [email protected] - Phone Eastern Time. USA. 828 658 3574
2001 Ed Craig Weld Reality, All Rights Reserved. Website SEO and Design.

http://www.weldreality.com/ASTM_API.htm

02-Aug-12