BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

ASSINGMENT 01

NAME Akhilesh Jain ST CLASS BBM 1 YEAR SECTION B

EXAMPLES OF FORMS OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP

SOLE PROPRIETOR PARTNERSHIP JOINT STOCK COMPANY

CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY Some of the examples of sole proprietorship are as follows:

(1) Small Shops and Boutiques
When you enter a neighborhood store such as the local flower shop, pizza and sub shop or hardware store, you are generally greeted by the same one or two people. Most likely, the person who greets you is the owner or the owner’s spouse. These small businesses are most likely sole proprietorships if the owner did not declare another business structure, such as a limited liability company.

(2) Artisans and Musicians

If your artwork or jewelry is sold in galleries and boutiques, either with a straight payment or on a consignment basis, your business is considered a sole proprietorship. Also, if you are a band member who gets paid for gigs, the proceeds from the gigs are considered income and make you a sole proprietor.

(3) Independent Contractors

If you complete work for businesses but are not an actual employee of these companies, you are considered self-employed and therefore a sole proprietor. This type of sole proprietorship is often the product of “moonlighting.” For example, if an IT professional with a full-time job also does home-networking setup and installation after work or on the weekends and is not representing the company for which he works, the home networking is considered moonlighting. Many hobbyists can also become sole proprietors if their hobby becomes popular and they find themselves filling orders.

(4) Commission-Only Sales

If you work in sales but receive income only from the products you sell and you have not designated another business structure, you are a sole proprietor. Even if you have a contract with a company that states how much you will be paid per product, this does not make you an employee. You are still responsible for paying taxes on the profits from selling the company's products.

Some examples of partnership firms are as follows:

Smile Dentist - Raj enterprises - Brainz Computech - Standard optical - Riddhi Siddhi mobile

Some examples of joint stock company are as follows :

1.

International Business Machines (IBM) (NYSE: IBM) is a multinational technology and consulting firm headquartered in Armonk, New York. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.[2]The company was founded in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation through a merger of four companies: the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Corporation, and the Bundy Manufacturing Company.[3][4] CTR adopted the name International Business Machines in 1924, using a name previously designated to CTR's subsidiary in Canada and later South America. Its distinctive culture and product branding has given it the nickname Big Blue. Reliance Communications Limited (commonly called RCOM) is a major Indian telecommunication company headquartered in Navi Mumbai, India. It is the 16th largest operator in the world with more than 128 million subscribers. RCOM, founded by Dhirubhai H Ambani (19322002), is the flagship company of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. The Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group currently has a net worth in excess of 64,000 crore (US$13.6 billion), cash flows of 13,000 crore ($2.8 billion), and a net profit of 8,400 crore ($1.8 billion). The Equity Shares of RCOM are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange Limited. The Global Depository Receipts and Foreign Currency Convertible

2.

Bonds are listed onLuxembourg Stock Exchange and Singapore Stock Exchange respectively
3.

Cognizant Technology Solutions (Cognizant) (NASDAQ: CTSH) is an American multinational provider of custom information technology, consulting and business process outsourcing services headquartered in Teaneck, New Jersey, USA. The company is a member of NASDAQ-100, the S&P 500 andFortune 500. Cognizant has been named to the 2010 Fortune 100 Fastest-Growing Companies List for the eighth consecutive year.[2] Cognizant has also been named to the Fortune 500 and Forbes Global 2000 lists. It has consistently ranked among the fastest growing companies including the 2010 Business Week 50 list of the topperforming U.S. companies, the Business Week Hottest Tech Companies 2010, and the Forbes Fast Tech 2010 list of 25 Fastest Growing Technology Companies In America. Infosys Limited, formerly Infosys Technologies Limited, (BSE: 500209, NSE: INFY, NASDAQ: INFY) is a global technology services company headquartered in Bangalore (Bengaluru), India. Infosys is the second largest IT company in India with 133,560 employees (including subsidiaries) as of March 2011.[1] Infosys is ranked 28th globally in the list of IT services providing firms.[2] It has offices in 33 countries and development centers in India, China, Australia, UK, Canada, Brazil and Japan.[3] The company offers software products for the banking industry and business process management services also provides end-to-end business solutions. Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating systemmarket with MSDOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. Microsoft would also come to dominate the office suite market with Microsoft Office. Wipro: The company was established in 1980 as subsidiary of Wipro Limited listed on New York Stock Exchange. Wipro was founded in 1945 by

4.

5.

6.

M.H.Hasham Premji in Amalner, Maharashtra, producing sunflower Vanaspati Oil and soaps. At that time, the company was called Western India Vegetable Products Limited (later abbreviated down to Wipro). The company logo still contains a sunflower to reflect their original business. Over the years, Wipro diversified into several unrelated businesses on its own and through subsidiaries. These industries included soaps, wax, tin containers for packaging and crushing. Hasham Premji died in 1966, and was succeeded by his son Azim Premji.

Some examples of co- operative societies are as follows:

1. Vasudhara Dairy (Valsad District's Milk Producers Union Ltd) is a dairy

cooperative in India, headquartered in Alipore, approx 3 km from Chikhli. It produces and markets milk and ghee (clarified butter) for the local market under the Amul brand name. Its current capacity is 4 lakh litres per day.It has branches (ice creame manufacturing plants) at Nagpur and Boisar. Amul Ice Cream produced here is marketed to Mumbai and Maharashtra markets.
2. Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad, popularly known as Lijjat, is

an Indian women's cooperative involved in manufacturing of various fast moving consumer goods. The organization's main objective is empowerment of women by providing them employment opportunities. Started in the year 1959 with a seed capital of Rs. 80, Lijjat has an annual turnover of around Rs. 650 crore, with Rs. 29 crore in exports (As of 2010).[2] It provides employment to around 42,000 people.[1] Lijjat is headquartered in Mumbai and has 67 branches and 35 divisions all over India. 3. Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana (SMSSK ) known as Sant Muktabai Cooperative Sugar Factory is a cooperative factory founded by President of India Pratibha Patil the nominee of UPAand Indian left for 2007 election for President of India. The factory is situated at Edlabad in Jalgaon district in Maharashtra.The factory was registered in 1988 (Regn No JGA/EBD/PRG/ (A)-6 S/88-89). Pratibha was one of the founders of the factory and its chairperson from 1988 to 1996 . Sonia Gandhi inaugurated the factory on 23 January 1999.
4. Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank (Pratibha Women Cooperative Bank) is a

cooperative bank founded by President of India Pratibha Patil in 1973 in Jalgaon in Maharashtra with the objective of empowering women. Pratibha Patil is a senior leader of Indian National Congress and President of India. Pratibha Patil was the

founding chairperson of the bank and later one of its directors along with many of her relatives. She is currently one of the 34 respondents in an ongoing case in the Aurangabad bench of the Bombay High Court on the subject of mismanagement of the bank and misappropriation of funds.
5. Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Limited was the First

Co-operative Milk Producers' Union started in Gujarat, formed in Kheda district, whose founding chairman was social worker, Tribhovandas Patel.Its success, also known as Anand Pattern led to creation of District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union at each district, created Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited) in 1946. By June 1948, the KDCMPUL had started pasteurizing milk for the 'Bombay Milk Scheme'.

Some examples of joint hindu family business are as follows:

1. 2.

Ambanis Birla groups

EXAMPLES OF PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS

Under public undertakings there are different forms which are as follows:

1. Department undertaking
Some examples are Railway board, post & telegraph, defense industries, radio and television

2. Government undertaking
Some examples are Hindustan steels, Karnataka soaps and detergents, Hindustan aeronaties ltd. Etc

3. Public corporations
Some examples are Food corporation of India, Air India oil and natural gas commission, Karnataka state finance corporation, etc.

EXAMPLES OF PUBLIC- PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP.

Yeshasvini Health scheme in Karnataka The Yeshasvini Co-operative Farmers Healthcare Scheme is a health insurance scheme targeted to benefit the poor. It was initiated by Narayana Hrudayalaya, super-

specialty heart hospital in Bangalore, and by the Department of Co-operatives of the Government of Karnataka. The Government provides a quarter (Rs. 2.50) of the monthly premium paid by the members of the Cooperative Societies, which is Rs.10 per month. The incentive of getting treatment in a private hospital with the Government paying half of the premium attracts more members to the scheme. The cardholders could access free treatment in 160 hospitals located in all districts of the state for any medical procedure costing upto Rs. 2 lakhs. The premium is deposited in the account of a charitable trust, the regulatory body for implementing the scheme. A Third Party Administrator Family Health Plan Limited that is licensed by Karnatakas Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority. The FHPL has the responsibility for administering and managing the scheme on a day-today basis. Recognized hospitals have been admitted to the network throughout Karnataka, which are called as network hospitals (NWH). These hospitals offer comprehensive packages for operations that are paid by Yeshasvini. A Yeshasvini Farmers Health Care Trust is formed to ensure sustainability to the scheme, which comprises of members of the State Government and the network hospitals. The Trust monitors and controls the whole scheme, formulates policies, appointed the TPA and addresses the grievances of the insured members or doctors. Telemedicine initiative by Narayana Hrudayalaya in Karnataka The Government of Karnataka, the Narayana Hrudayalaya hospital in Bangalore and the Indian Space Research Organization initiated an experimental telemedicine project called Karnataka Integrated Tele-medicine and Tele-health Project (KITTH), which is an on-line health-care initiatives in Karnataka. With connections by satellite, this project

functions in the Coronary Care Units of selected district hospitals that are linked with Narayana Hrudayalaya hospital. Each CCU is connected to the main hospital to facilitate investigation by specialists after ordinary doctors have examined patients. If a patient requires an operation, s/he is referred to the main hospital in Bangalore; otherwise s/e is admitted to a CCU for consultation and treatment. Telemedicine provides access to areas that are underserved or un-served. It improves access to specialty care and reduces both time and cost for rural and semi-urban patients. Telemedicine improves the quality of health care through timely diagnosis and treatment of patients. The most important aspect of tele-medicine is the digital convergence of medical records, charts, x-rays, histopathology slides and medical procedures (including laboratory tests) conducted on patients. Contracting in Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur The SMS hospital has established a Life Line Fluid Drug Store to contract out low cost high quality medicine and surgical items on a 24-hour basis inside the hospital. The agency to operate the drug store is selected through bidding. The successful bidder is a proprietary agency, and the medical superintendent is the overall supervisor in charge of monitoring the store and its functioning. The contractor appoints and manages the remuneration of the staff from the sales receipts. The SMS hospital shares resources with the drug store such as electricity; water; computers for daily operations; physical space; stationery and medicines. The contractor provides all staff salaries; daily operations and distribution of medicine; maintenance of records and monthly reports to SMS Hospital. The SMS Hospital provides all medicines to the drug store, and the contractor has no power to purchase or sell medicines himself. The contractor gains substantial profits, could expand his contacts and gain popularity

through LLFS. However, the contractor has to abide by all the rules and regulations as given in the contract document. The SMS Hospital has also contracted out the installation, operation and maintenance of CT-scan and MRI services to a private agency. The agency is paid a monthly rent by the hospital and the agency has to render free services to 20% of the patients belonging to the poor socio-economic categories The Uttaranchal Mobile Hospital and Research Center (UMHRC) It is three-way partnership among the Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), the Government of Uttaranchal and the Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR). The motive behind the partnership was to provide health care and diagnostic facilities to poor and rural people at their doorstep in the difficult hilly terrains. TIFAC and the State Govt. shares the funds sanctioned to BISR on an equal basis. PHCs in Gumballi and Sugganahalli, Karnataka Management of Primary Health Centers in Gumballi and Sugganahalli was contracted out by the Government of Karnataka to Karuna Trust in 1996 to serve the tribal community in the hill y areas. 90% of the cost is borne by the Govt. and 10% by the trust. Karuna Trust has full responsibility for providing all personnel at the PHC and the Health Sub-centers within its jurisdiction; maintenance of all the assets at the PHC and addition of any assets if required at the PHC. There has been redeployment of the Govt. staff in the PHCs, however some do remain in deputation on mutual consent. The agency ensures adequate stocks of essential drugs at all times and supplies them free of cost to the patients. No patient is charged for diagnosis, drugs, treatment or

anything else except in accordance with the Government policy. The staff salaries are shared between the Govt. and the Trust. Gumballi district is considered a model PHC covering the entire gamut of primary health care preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative Emergency Ambulance Services scheme in Tamil Nadu The Government of Tamil Nadu has initiated an Emergency Ambulance Services scheme in Theni district of Tamil Nadu in order to reduce the maternal mortality rate in its rural area. The major cause for the high MMR is anon-medical cause - the lack of adequate transport facilities to carry pregnant women to health institutions for childbirth, especially in the tribal areas. This scheme is part of the World Bank aided health system development project in Tamil Nadu. Seva Nilayam has been selected as the potential non governmental partner in the scheme. This scheme is selfsupporting through the collection of user charges. The Government supports the scheme only by supplying the vehicles. Seva Nilayam recruits the drivers, train the staff, maintain the vehicles, operate the program and report to the government. It bears the entire operating cost of the project including communications, equipment and medicine, and publicizing the service in the villages, particularly the telephone number of the ambulance service. However, the project is not self-sustaining as the revenue collection is lesser than anticipated.