SSP 275 Phaeton Air Suspension
SSP 275 Phaeton Air Suspension
SSP 275 Phaeton Air Suspension
movements of the vehicle via four wheel acceleration sensors and three body acceleration sensors. The characteristics of the individual vibration dampers are adjusted according to the calculated damping requirements. In this case, the dampers function as semiactive components during bump and rebound cycles. Continuous damping control is based on vibration dampers whose characteristics are electrically adjustable. These vibration dampers are integrated in the air spring struts. Damping force can be set depending on the characteristic map via the proportional valve built into the vibration damper. As a result, it can adapt the damping force to the driving situation and road condition within milliseconds. The control always attempts to set the damper force according to the so-called "skyhook control strategy". The damper is adjusted depending on the vertical acceleration rates of the wheels and the vehicle body. Ideally, damping would be controlled as if the vehicle body were suspended by a hook in the sky and were hovering above the road almost without any interfering movements. Maximum driving comfort is achieved in this way.
Firm damping is achieved by low control rates. Soft damping is achieved by high control rates.
Compression stage
500
Tension stage
1200 mA 400
Damper force in dN
1800 mA 300
200
100
275_022
0 2000 1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 mm/s
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System description
Diagram of the suspension system with controlled dampers The system diagram below highlights the relationships with other vehicle systems as well as display and operating elements.
Control unit J197 input - CAN databus Infotainment system with display (- ESP CU - Engine CU - Dash panel insert - Onboard power supply CU - Infotainment system)
Compressor
Pressure accumulator
275_025
Air spring strut with electrically adjustable damper Wheel acceleration sender
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...K wire
...CAN
Diagnosis via...
BM ZAB
G85
ESP
MSG
ZV BS FT G290 N111 N148 N149 N150 N151 N311 G76 G77 G78 G289
J403
J197
Legend BM BS ESP FT - Battery management - Status signals T.30, T.15 - Electronic Stability Programme - Self-levelling suspension button and damper adjustment button G76...78, - Vehicle level senders ... G289 G85 - Steering angle sender G290 - Compressor temperature sender, self-levelling suspension G291 - Self-levelling suspension system pressure sender G337 - Wheel acceleration sender ... G340 G341 - Body acceleration sender ... G343
275_023
J197 J403 Combi HRC MSG N111 N148 ... N151 N311
- Self-levelling suspension control unit - Self-levelling suspension compressor relay - Dash panel insert - Headlight range control - Engine control unit - Drain valve - Damper adjustment valve - Self-levelling suspension pressure accumulator valve - Damper adjustment valve
33
System description
System overview
Sensors
Vehicle level sender, front and rear G76, G77, G78, G289
Self-levelling suspension system pressure sender G291 (integrated in solenoid valve block)
3 2 1
Wheel acceleration sender, front and rear G337, G338, G339, G340
20
50 80 110
Auxiliary signals:
34
Actuators
Suspension strut valves N148, N149, N150, N151 (integrated in solenoid valve block)
Damper adjustment valves N336, N337, N338, N339 (integrated in air spring struts)
5 6 7
30 60 90 120 1/4 1/2 3/4
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Gas discharge lamp control units with HRC J567 and J568 integrated in the headlights
275_026
35
275_083
36
Air spring struts Air spring struts with externally guided, two-layer air spring gaiters are used on the front and rear axles. Different auxiliary accumulators are used on the front axle and rear axles. The accumulator on the front axle - recognisable as a small cylinder - has a capacity of 0.4 litre and the ball accumulator on the rear axle has a capacity of 1.2 litre.
The air spring gaiter is arranged concentrically around the gas-filled shock absorber (twin-tube gas-filled shock absorber). The small wall thickness of the air spring gaiter provides excellent suspension response. The desired spring rate is achieved by combining the roll piston contour, the outer guide and an auxiliary accumulator directly attached to the strut.
Air spring gaiter Damper piston rod Roll piston Outer guide Bellows (protective bellows)
Auxiliary accumulator
Vibration damper
275_027a
37
Damper cable Auxiliary accumulator Bearing (compression-tension bearing) Auxiliary spring (bump stop)
Damper piston rod Air spring gaiter Outer guide Roll piston
Vibration damper
275_028
38
Damper adjustment valve The CDC twin-tube gas-filled damper is adjustable over a wide range of damping forces via an electrically controlled valve integrated in the piston. The oil flow through the piston valve, and hence the damping force, can be adapted to momentary demand within a few milliseconds by varying the electric current flowing through the solenoid. The wheel acceleration senders mounted on each damper generate signals which, together with the signals supplied by the body acceleration senders, are used to calculate the required damper setting. Since the system can rapidly detect and control tension and compression stages, it permits adjustment of the damping force required for the momentary driving situation. The driving situation dependent maps are stored in the self-levelling suspension control unit.
Example of a piston valve Connecting cable Hollow piston rod
Housing Solenoid
Tube 1 (container tube) Armature Tube 2 (cylinder tube) Valve spring Main damping valve
Auxiliary valve
275_093
Oil flow
In certain driving dynamic states e.g. longitudinal and/or transverse dynamics - the "skyhook control" is deactivated and the dampers are controlled by other dynamic modules.
39
275_086
275_084
40
Air spring strut, rear axle Air spring part (blue) Damper part (green)
Air spring
275_087
275_085
41
The compressor is supplied with air via the luggage compartment. Air is drawn in via the silencer/filter, cleaned and discharged. A temperature sender protects the compressor against overheating and ensures availability of the air supply for the air suspension in all climatic and driving conditions.
Vibration isolator
Electric motor
Silencer/filter
T connecting piece between intake circuit and drain circuit Drain line Compressor
275_031
42
Compressor unit Compressed air is produced by means of a single-stage piston compressor with integrated air drier. To prevent soiling of the gaiters and the air drier (drier cartridge), the compressor is designed as a so-called dry-running compressor. Lifetime-lubricated bearings and a piston ring made of PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene) ensure a long service life. The drain valve N111, a pneumatic drain valve with pressure limiting valve and 3 non-return valves are integrated in the air drier housing. To protect the compressor against overheating, it is switched off if excess temperature occurs.
Pneumatic drain valve with pressure limiting valve Non-return valve 3 Drain valve N111
Non-return valve 1
Drain connection
275_032
43
Crankcase
275_039
Bypass air flow During the downwards movement of the piston, air drawn into the crankcase bypasses the diaphragm valve and flows into the cylinder.
Fill/lift cycles To fill the springs (i.e. raise the vehicle), the control unit activates the compressor relay and the air spring valves at the same time.
44
Drain/lowering cycles Suspension strut valves N148 and N149 and drain valve N111 are activated (open) during the drain cycle. The air spring pressure flows towards the pneumatic drain valve and from there into the spare-wheel well in the luggage compartment via the air drier, the pressure limiting valve and the silencer/filter.
Air drier
to silencer/filter
275_041
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -
Pneumatic drain valve Electric drain valve N111 Silencer/filter Non-return valve 1 Air drier Drain restrictor Non-return valve 3 Non-return valve 2 Suspension strut valve N148 Suspension strut valve N149
J403
J197
1 6 3 4 5 7 2 8
9 10
from J197
275_042
45
Air drier
Valve seat 1
to silencer/filter
275_043
46
Pressure limiting valve The pressure limiting valve protects the system against excessively high pressures, e.g. if the compressor fails to cut out due to a defective relay contact or a defective control unit. In this case, the pressure limiting valve opens against the spring force when the pressure exceeds approx. 20 bar, and air conveyed by the compressor escapes via the filter.
Lifting piston
Intake fitting
to silencer/filter
275_044
J403
J197
1 3
275_044a
47