Service.

Self-Study Programme 272

The Phaeton Onboard Power Supply

Design and Function

The onboard power supply of vehicles in the early 1950s consisted of approx. 30 m of cables, some switches, lights and the ignition system. The further development of motor vehicles required a constant increase in the number of electrical as well as electronic components. In today's luxury performance class vehicles, the length of cable, despite networking, is approx. 3000 m, branching into approx. 1500 individual cables.

Networking connects control units with one another via databus lines. In this way, various signals can be transmitted digitally from one control unit to another. This takes place via two databus lines and eliminates the need for a separate cable for each individual signal. This Self-Study Programme covers the design and function of the onboard power supply, that is, the power and data management of the Phaeton. It describes new control units that control and regulate the power supply. It also describes, for example, the networking of the lighting control system as well as the CAN bus topology.

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NEW

Important Note

The self-study programme involves the design and function of new developments! The contents are not updated.

Please always refer to the relevant Service Literature for all inspection, adjustment and repair instructions.

Table of contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Electrics boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Energy management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Onboard supply power management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Networked functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Control unit for windscreen heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Dash panel insert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Analogue clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Test your knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

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Introduction
Fitting locations in the onboard power supply
The onboard power supply has a decentral design. The electrical components are placed at various tting locations in the vehicle. The following overview shows the tting locations of the fuse boxes and coupling stations.

Coupling station, right and left B pillar

Electronics box, front left footwell on passenger's side

Electronics box in right plenum chamber

Vehicle interior coupling station

Coupling station in front of e plenum chamber in engine compartment

Fuse box on left under the dash panel

Back-up fuse box on left of boot

Electronics box on left of boot

Coupling station, right and left C pillars

Thermo-fuse box in front left footwell

Coupling station, right and left A pillars

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Introduction
Cable routing
The main wiring harness runs from the battery in the boot on the driver's side to the connection points. In the case of vehicles with a two-battery onboard power supply, the starter motor is supplied via a separate wiring harness on the right-hand side. For protection, the wiring harnesses are laid in the oorpan area in cable ducts.

Onboard power supply battery Electronics box in the left of boot

Connection point, rear bumper

Connection point, trailer towbar

Connection point, control units under rear shelf

Starter battery

Coupling station, right and left C pillars Main wiring harness Engine wiring harness Gearbox wiring harness

Coupling station, left B pillar

Fuse box on left under dash panel Thermo-fuse box in left footwell

Front information display and operating unit Connection point for control unit for anti-lock braking system/ Electronic Stability Programme

Connection point, control unit for driver's seat

Coupling station, left A pillar

Coupling station in front of plenum chamber in engine compartment Connection point, headlights, additional heating

Connection point, front bumper

Connection point, headlights

Electronics box in Connection point, right plenum chamber Coupling station, control unit for right A pillar front passenger's seat Connection points, dash panel insert and vehicle interior Coupling station, Electronics box in right B pillar front right footwell

Control unit for engine electronics Control unit for gearbox electronics Connection point, engine compartment

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Introduction
Earth points
Specially selected locations in the vehicle serve as Earth points, as they are essential on modern vehicles with a large number of high-quality electronic control units. The electronics are dependent on equalised earth potential to be able to work faultlessly. Randomly selected Earth points can lead to different earth potentials and may cause malfunctions (e.g. compensating currents).
Earth point, onboard power supply control unit

Earth points, air conditioning system/DSP Earth points, right engine bulkhead

Earth points, right engine compartment

Earth points at front right, near horn

Earth points Engine compartment, left

Earth points, left engine bulkhead Earth point, left A pillar Earth point, airbag control unit Earth points, driver's seat

Earth points, B pillar under front passenger's seat Earth points, control unit for rear seats and rear right and left doors Earth points near left of rear window Earth points, starter battery

Earth points, aerials, rear roof cross-member under trim

Earth points, tail light on right and left-hand side

Earth point, onboard power supply battery

Earth point, earth plate in left of boot

Earth points, rear centre tunnel under bench seat

Earth points near right of rear window

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Electrics boxes
Back-up fuse box The back-up fuse box is located in the boot on the left. It contains the main fuses of the onboard power supply. Moreover, the connection leads for the onboard power supply battery, the control unit for the windscreen heater (DC/DC converter), the rear and front electronics boxes, the alternator lead as well as the measurement lead for the onboard voltage come from this fuse box.
Terminal 30 spare unassigned Supply, front electronics box Alternator lead 150 A Terminal 30 100 A terminal Connection, control unit for windscreen heater

100 A Terminal 30

Supply of rear electronics box and measurement Onboard power lead to onboard power supply supply battery control unit

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Rear electronics box The electronics box in the rear left of the boot contains: - the switch-over relay for the starter battery (100), - the switch-over relay for the onboard power supply battery (432), - the fuel pump relay 1 (404), - the fuel pump relay 2 (404), - the relay for Terminal 50 (433), - the relay 1 for the rear window heater (100), - the relay 2 for the rear window heater (104), - the relay for air suspension (214) and - the relay for the tank ller ap opening (404)

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The relays tted depend on the vehicle type. The current list of tted relays is contained on the valid current ow diagram.

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Electronics box, plenum chamber Components - Smoothing capacitor for onboard power supply voltage - Main relays 1 and 2 (53 and 100) - Terminal 75 relay (100) - Terminal 15 relay (433) - Secondary air pump relays 1 and 2 (100) as well as - Power supply relay for Motronic (167) are located in the electronics box in the front plenum chamber.
Capacitor

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Thermo-fuse box The thermo-fuse box in the front left footwell contains the thermo-fuses: left window regulator right window regulator driver's seat control unit front passenger's seat control unit rear compartment seat control unit rear left PTC heating rear right PTC heating 30 A 30 A 30 A 30 A 30 A 30 A 30 A

Control unit for entry and start authorisation

Thermofuses

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The thermo-fuses tted depend on the vehicle type. The current list of tted thermo-fuses are contained on the valid current ow diagram.

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Electrics boxes
Relay holder, right footwell The relay holder is located in the footwell on the front passenger's side. It contains the: water pump relay (404) vacuum pump relay (404) relay for heated wiper park position (404) relay for enable seat heating (404) sunroof relay (79) terminal 15SV relay (100) headlight washer system relay (53) relay for control unit for Servotronic (631) relay for airbag warning lamp (464)

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Power management
In order to ensure sufcient power supply of the electrical equipment and the starter motor, a - one-battery onboard power supply as well as a - two-battery onboard power supply are used.
Engine V6 V8 W12 V10 TDI Onboard power supply battery 75 Ah/420 A* 75 Ah/420 A* 85 Ah/480 A 85 Ah/480 A
*currently still 85 Ah/450 A The 75 Ah/420 A battery will be deployed later.

Starter battery 61 Ah/330 A** 61 Ah/330 A** 61 Ah/330 A 85 Ah/480 A

**optional

In case of vehicles with one-battery onboard power supplies, it ensures the supply of electrical energy.

Back-up fuse box

Battery

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Vehicles with two-battery onboard power supplies have a starter battery and an onboard power supply battery. In normal operation, the starter battery supplies the starter motor during the starting cycle and the onboard power supply battery supplies the electrical equipment. If one of the batteries does not have sufcient power, it is supported by the other. Support is controlled by the control unit for battery monitoring.

Relay for parallel switching of batteries

Back-up fuse box

Control unit for battery monitoring

Onboard power supply battery

Starter battery

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Energy management
To ensure the power supply for the electrical equipment on the W12 and V10 TDI, the twobattery onboard power supply is used; for all other versions, it is available as an option. Components

Functional description Normally, the starter battery supplies the starting circuit of the engine. The onboard power supply battery supplies the 12-volt onboard power supply; in the case of a cold start, it is supported by the starter battery. The circuit of the starter motor and onboard power supply electrical circuit are controlled by the control unit for battery monitoring (J367). This controls the charge of the starter battery and safely ensures supply of the electrical equipment required to start the car.

Starter battery Onboard power supply battery Relay for parallel switching of batteries switch-over relay for starter battery switch-over relay for onboard power supply battery Control unit for battery monitoring Temperature sensor for starter battery

A1 A4 A14 A15

T. 50 Key-In Terminal 15 Emergency mode

A17 T. 30 A18 T.l 15SV

Data transfer via CAN bus e.g. from control unit for entry and start authorisation Starter motor

Switch-over relay B
Terminal 30SV

Switch-over relay S

Relay for parallel switching

Terminal 30

Starter battery

Supply

Control unit for battery monitoring (J367) on left of boot

Onboard power supply battery

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Temperature sensor

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Starting modes
In order to ensure sufcient power supply to both electrical circuits, different operating modes are implemented by the control unit for battery monitoring. Electrical equipment required to start the car:

Normal start
The onboard power supply and starter battery are charged. The starter and onboard power supply electrical circuits are separate. The control unit for battery monitoring is activated by the control unit for entry and start authorisation (J 518) with the signals 'Ignition key in the ignition lock' (Key-In) 'Ignition switched on' (Terminal 15) and the start signal (Terminal 50). The switch-over relay onboard power supply battery (relay B) is closed; the electrical equipment required for starting is supplied via the onboard power supply battery. The starter battery supplies the starter motor.

Engine control unit Fuel pump Control unit for entry and start authorisation Dash panel insert Airbag control unit (for safety reasons)

Schematic diagram
Terminal 50 Terminal 30SV Terminal 15SV Control unit for entry and start authorisation Relay S

Starter battery

Temperature sensor Control unit for battery monitoring Relay B Relay L

Terminal 15 Terminal 30

Supply of the remaining electrical equipment via onboard power supply battery

Relay S = Relay B = Relay L = SV =

switch-over relay for starter battery (J580) switch-over relay for onboard power supply battery (J579) relay for parallel switching of batteries (J581) electrical equipment required for starting

Onboard power supply battery

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Power management
Cold start
In addition to the input signals of the normal start, the battery temperature as well as the coolant temperature transmitted via the CAN bus are taken into account. The switch-over relay onboard power supply battery is closed; the control unit for battery monitoring activates the relay for parallel switching. Activation closes the relay for parallel switching and both batteries are switched in parallel. Parallel switching is temperature-dependent: - in the case of petrol engines < -10C and - in the case of V10 TDI < 0C.

Schematic diagram
Terminal 50 Terminal 30SV Terminal 15SV Control unit for entry and start authorisation Control unit for battery monitoring Relay B Relay S

Starter battery

Temperature sensor Relay L

Terminal 15 Terminal 30

Relay S = Relay B = Relay L = SV =

switch-over relay for starter battery (J580) switch-over relay for onboard power supply battery (J579) relay for parallel switching of batteries (J581) electrical equipment required for starting

Onboard power supply battery

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The starting cycle in the case of discharged onboard power supply battery
With Terminal 15SV switched on, the 'Emergency start' mode is sent via the CAN bus and the PIN 'Emergency operation' if the voltage of the onboard power supply battery is less than 11 V. Terminal 30SV is connected via the switch-over relay starter battery to the starter battery as soon as the ignition key is inserted in the ignition lock. When the ignition is turned on, the Drive Train CAN bus goes to partial operation. Only control units required for starting take part in the communication. After the engine starts, heating equipment involved in the convenience system is switched off for two to ve minutes. The 'Emergency operation' mode is cancelled approx. two seconds after the system detects that the engine is running. Until there is sufcient charge voltage in the onboard power supply battery, the onboard power supply is supplied from the starter battery by means of parallel switching via the relay for parallel switching. In the case of diesel engines, the connection to the starter battery is made when Terminal15SV it is switched to enable the glow phase.

Schematic diagram
Terminal 50 Terminal 30SV Terminal 15SV Control unit for entry and start authorisation Relay S

Starter battery

Temperature sensor Relay L

Terminal 15 Terminal 30

Relay B

Control unit for battery monitoring

Relay S = Relay B = Relay L = SV =

switch-over relay for starter battery (J580) switch-over relay for onboard power supply battery (J579) relay for parallel switching of batteries (J581) electrical equipment required for starting

Onboard power supply battery

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Energy management
Starting cycle in the case of discharged starter battery
The 'Emergency start' mode is sent via the CAN bus and the PIN 'Emergency operation'. Terminal 30SV remains connected to the onboard power supply battery via the switch-over relay for onboard power supply battery. Both batteries are switched in parallel via the relay for parallel switching when the start (Terminal 50) is initiated.

Schematic diagram
Relay S

Starter battery

Terminal 50 Terminal 30SV Terminal 15SV Control unit for entry and start authorisation

Temperature sensor Control unit for battery monitoring Relay B Relay L

Terminal 15 Terminal 30

Relay S = Relay B = Relay L = SV =

switch-over relay for starter battery (J580) switch-over relay for onboard power supply battery (J579) relay for parallel switching of batteries (J581) electrical equipment required for starting

Onboard power supply battery

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Monitoring after a crash event

In the case of a crash event, the control unit for battery monitoring receives a crash signal via the CAN bus. This cancels the charge operation of the starter battery. This signal remains stored until it is reset by the VAS 5051 Diagnostic Testing and Information System. Every time the ignition is switched on, the lead to the starter motor is tested for short circuits. If a short circuit is detected, it prevents a starting cycle from initiating.

Schematic diagram
Relay S Control unit for battery monitoring

Starter battery

Terminal 50 Terminal 30SV Terminal 15SV Control unit for entry and start authorisation

Temperature sensor Relay L Terminal 15 Terminal 30 Relay B

Crash signal via CAN bus

Relay S = Relay B = Relay L = SV =

switch-over relay for starter battery (J580) switch-over relay for onboard power supply battery (J579) relay for parallel switching of batteries (J581) electrical equipment required for starting

Onboard power supply battery

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If the 'Key IN' is not present and the onboard power supply battery is discharged, no start is possible. The VAS 5051 Diagnostic Testing And Information System can be used to diagnose the control unit for battery monitoring.

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Energy management
Alternator
A liquid-cooled alternator with 190 Amperes is tted. Its maximum current in the short term can be up to 300 Amperes. The alternator contains six instead of three stator windings, which are excited via a winding in the rotor. The drive on the V10 TDI is via an internal shaft and a gear.
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Control

Legend C E Terminal B+ Terminal DF Terminal L -

Liquid Exit Terminal L Terminal DF Entry

Capacitor Exciter winding in the rotor Battery positive Dynamo eld Signal wiring for warning lamp in dash panel insert U, V, W, X, Y, Z - Winding ends of the generating coil

Terminal B+
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Smoothing capacitor for the onboard power supply voltage

The onboard power supply battery is located in the boot. The length of the charge lead from the alternator to the battery is approx. 6 m. The capacitor has the task of reducing the voltage ripple on the charge lead in the vicinity of the alternator. Smoothing the charge current and charge voltage on the charge lead reduces electrical and acoustic faults. The supply for the high-current electrical equipment, where high voltage ripples can occur, is tapped in the plenum chamber.
Onboard power supply electrical equipment

Vehicle electrical system battery

Electronics box, plenum chamber

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Charge process of the starter battery

The charging process of the starter battery can take place in two operating modes: - through the transistor or - the DC/DC converter in the control unit for battery monitoring. As long as the nominal charge voltage of the starter battery is lower than the current onboard power supply voltage, the charge current of the starter battery is fed via the transistor. If the onboard power supply voltage is below the nominal value of the charge voltage, the charge current is fed via the DC/DC converter. The charge time is monitored by the control unit for battery monitoring. If the starter battery does not reach its voltage value within the prescribed parameter, the charging process is cancelled and disabled. This means that a defective battery is not continuously charged. A fault is entered in the fault memory: charge monitoring for starter battery - upper limit value exceeded.

Schematic diagram
Terminal 50 Relay S

Starter battery

Terminal 30SV Terminal 15SV Control unit for entry and start authorisation Control unit for battery monitoring Relay B Relay L

Temperature sensor

Terminal 15 Terminal 30

Relay S = Relay B = Relay L = SV =

switch-over relay for starter battery (J580) switch-over relay for onboard power supply battery (J579) relay for parallel switching of batteries (J581) electrical equipment required for starting

Onboard power supply battery

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The control unit for battery monitoring has diagnostic capability with the VAS 5051 Diagnostic Testing and Information System.

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Onboard power supply management

The onboard power supply control unit (J519) pools various functions in the vehicle. The various functions that until now were enabled via switches and relays - Parking lights - Dipped beam headlights - Side lights - Turn indicators - Main beam headlights - Fog lights - Footwell lights - Terminal 58 d - Indicator lamp for hazard warning lights - Relay for headlight washer system - Relay for heating wiper park position - Fuel pump feed and - Horn are switched by the onboard power supply control unit.

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The onboard power supply control unit is located in the electronics box in the right-hand footwell.

Front of device connector

A B C D E F G

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Back of device connector

H J K L M N P

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Supply voltage
Signal Voltage of onboard power supply battery Voltage of starter battery Voltage of starter battery Voltage of onboard power supply battery Terminal 15 Input from Onboard power supply battery + Starter battery + Starter battery Onboard power supply battery Control unit for entry and start authorisation Output to

CAN bus signals

Signal Convenience CAN High Convenience CAN Low Input from Convenience CAN bus Convenience CAN bus Output to Convenience CAN bus Convenience CAN bus

Input signals
Signal Hazard warning lights Fog lights Automatic lights Mirror heating Dimming Dimming Fault bre-optic cable Mirror adjustment Fold-in mirror Bonnet opened Side lights Rear fog light Dipped beam headlights Reversing light Mirror adjustment Fog lights Low-beam and main beam headlight, left Input from Button for hazard warning lights Button for fog lights Light switch Switch for door mirror Increase dimmer + Reduce dimmer Headlight, right Switch for door mirror Switch for door mirror Switch for bonnet Light switch Light switch Light switch Switch for reversing light GND switch for door mirror Terminal 30 fuse box Terminal 30 fuse box Output to

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Onboard power supply management

Input signal (continued)
Signal Low-beam and main beam headlight, left Flashing light, left side light Low-beam and main beam headlight, right Flashing light, right side light Horn Wake up running gear Footwell lights Headlight washer system Input from Terminal 30 fuse box Terminal 30 fuse box Terminal 30 fuse box Terminal 30 fuse box Terminal 30 fuse box Running gear control Terminal 58d Terminal 30 fuse box Output to

Output signals
Signal Fog lights Footwell lighting Instrument lighting Turn signal, left Main beam headlight, left Dipped beam headlight, left Parking light, left Main beam headlight, right Dipped beam headlight, right Turn indicator, right Parking light, right Horn Check of hazard warning lights Heating Headlight washer system Supply line, fuel pump Enable seat heater Input from Output to Fog lights Footwell lights Terminal 58d Instrument Headlight, left Headlight, left Headlight, left Headlight, left Headlight, right Headlight, right Headlight, right Headlight, right Horn Indicator lamp Wiper storage relay HWS pump Fuel pump relay Relay (only in the case of veh. without seat memory control unit) Pop-up washer jet motor, right Pop-up washer jet motor, left Terminal 30a

Headlight cleaning system Headlight washer system Voltage supply +

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Special features of the lighting control system

Turn indicators The following turn indicator controls are possible:

These operating modes are arranged by priority: 1 Crash indication 2 Hazard warning lights 3 Turn indication 4 Special functions, e.g. anti-theft alarm system With this arrangement, a ashing function can be activated although another has not been deactivated.

Turn indication Hazard warning lights Crash indication Flashing on locking and activating the anti-theft alarm system as well as panic ashing (USA only)

The onboard power supply control unit also controls the onboard power supply management so that sufcient electrical energy is available continuously. The onboard power supply management switches off electrical equipment if the battery voltage of the onboard power supply battery falls below a dened value.

Side lights and driving lights Emergency function An additional circuit in the onboard power supply control unit ensures that the side lights and dipped beam headlights are also switched on in the case of a defect in the onboard power supply control unit.

If a turn indicator light fails, the rate of the indicator lamp is doubled to signal the failure. The indicator lights continue to work at the normal rate. With the hazard warning lights, the indicator lamp ashes at the normal rate.

Via the VAS 5051 Diagnostic Testing And Information System, the onboard power supply control unit has diagnostic capability.

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Onboard power supply management

Monitoring the onboard power supply voltage
The onboard power supply control unit monitors the charge state of the onboard power supply battery to avoid excessive discharge. From the alternator (Terminal DF), the engine control unit receives the pulse-width modulated (PWM) information regarding the capacity utilisation of the alternator. This information reaches the Convenience CAN bus via the Drive Train CAN bus and the gateway in the dash panel insert. The onboard power supply control unit evaluates the state of the onboard power supply voltage by comparing the DF signal and the onboard power supply voltage. If a critical state of the onboard power supply is detected, the idling speed is increased; in very critical states, convenience electrical equipment is switched off.

Drive Train CAN bus

Convenience CAN bus

Gateway Engine control unit Onboard power supply control unit

DF signal

Battery voltage

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The dynamo eld signal can be shown using the VAS 5051 Diagnostic Testing and Information System.

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Raising the idling speed

If the voltage of the onboard power supply battery falls below 12.7 volts for longer than 10 seconds, the state of the onboard power supply is classied as critical and the idling speed is raised. The signal for requesting a rise is sent by the onboard power supply control unit via the Convenience CAN bus, the gateway and the Drive Train CAN bus to the engine control unit. The idling speed is raised when the automatic gearbox is in positions 'P' or 'N'. It remains at the increased level if - on transition to vehicle operation - the engine speed was higher beforehand.

Drive Train CAN bus

Convenience CAN bus

Gateway Engine control unit Onboard power supply control unit

DF signal

Idling speed increase

Battery voltage

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The value of the speed increase varies from one engine variant to the next. If the voltage is constantly higher than 12.7 volts for at least two seconds, the state of the onboard power supply is detected as uncritical and the request to raise the idling speed is cancelled.

Modifying the engine speed is regulated by the engine control unit according to dened values. Fluctuations in engine speed due to uctuating voltage values are largely suppressed by the engine control unit.

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