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Handbook - Contents

Metallurgical Sources of SO2 Gases Nomenclature Molten Sulphur Storage and Handling Sulphur Filtration Sulphur Piping Sulphur Pumps Sulphur Concrete and Asphalt 6 2 GAS CLEANING Gas Cleaning Quench Systems Venturi Scrubbers Gas Cooling Wet Electrostatic Precipitators Dynawave(r) Wet Gas Booster Fans Weak Acid Pumps Arsenic Removal Fluoride Removal Mercury Removal Selenium Removal Weak Acid Piping

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Javad Monfared
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131 views

Handbook - Contents

Metallurgical Sources of SO2 Gases Nomenclature Molten Sulphur Storage and Handling Sulphur Filtration Sulphur Piping Sulphur Pumps Sulphur Concrete and Asphalt 6 2 GAS CLEANING Gas Cleaning Quench Systems Venturi Scrubbers Gas Cooling Wet Electrostatic Precipitators Dynawave(r) Wet Gas Booster Fans Weak Acid Pumps Arsenic Removal Fluoride Removal Mercury Removal Selenium Removal Weak Acid Piping

Uploaded by

Javad Monfared
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENTS

Preface Preface 1st Edition

xi xiii

INTRODUCTION
Introduction Metallurgical Sources of SO2 Gases Nomenclature

1-1
1-3 1-11 1-23

Molten Sulphur Storage and Handling Sulphur Melting Sulphur Filtration Sulphur Piping Sulphur Pumps Sulphur Concrete and Asphalt

5-28 5-39 5-44 5-60 5-70 5-76

6 2 GAS CLEANING
Gas Cleaning Quench Systems Venturi Scrubbers Gas Cooling Wet Electrostatic Precipitators Dynawave Wet Gas Booster Fans Weak Acid Pumps Arsenic Removal Fluoride Removal Mercury Removal Selenium Removal Weak Acid Piping Vacuum Relief Devices Hot Gas Filters

SULPHUR BURNING
Sulphur Burning Sulphur Furnaces Sulphur Burners

6-1
6-3 6-6 6-15

2-1
2-3 2-9 2-14 2-20 2-26 2-46 2-53 2-57 2-59 2-64 2-70 2-78 2-80 2-85 2-88

SULPHURIC ACID REGENERATION


Sulphuric Acid Regeneration Vapour Phase Recovery

7-1
7-3 7-23

LIQUID SULPHUR DIOXIDE


Liquid Sulphur Dioxide Liquid SO2 Storage and Handling

8-1
8-3 8-13

ENERGY RECOVERY
Energy Recovery Cogeneration

9-1
9-3 9-17

CONTACT SECTION
Contact Section Catalyst Converters Gas-to-Gas Heat Exchangers Blowers Preheat Systems Stacks

3-1
3-3 3-10 3-30 3-47 3-61 3-75 3-84

10 ACID STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION


Storage Tanks Transportation Acid Loading/Unloading

10-1
10-3 10-29 10-43

11 STEAM SYSTEMS
Steam Systems Economizers Boilers Superheaters

11-1
11-3 11-10 11-18 11-26

STRONG ACID SYSTEM


Strong Acid System Acid Towers Acid Distributors Mist Eliminators Acid Pump Tanks Acid Coolers Acid Pumps Acid Piping Acid Valves Acid Strainers Acid Resistant Linings Product Acid Quality

4-1
4-5 4-14 4-47 4-54 4-83 4-96 4-107 4-115 4-131 4-135 4-138 4-165

12 TECHNOLOGY Technology
NOx Treatment REGESOX SULFACID Haldor Topse WSA Process KVT Sulfox Process Petersen-Fattinger-Process SO2 Reduction Pressure Plant Tail Gas Scrubbing SO2 Absorption Nitrosylsulphuric Acid Process

12-1 12-3
12-4 12-10 12-12 12-13 12-16 12-18 12-21 12-26 12-28 12-34 12-41

SULPHUR
Sulphur Bulk Storage and Handling

5-1
5-3 5-13

CONTENTS
13 MECHANICAL
Mechanical Gas Ducting Dampers Equipment Equipment Fabrication Insulation

13-1
13-3 13-4 13-4 13-25 13-38 13-44

Oleum Hydrogen Sulphide Nitrosylsulphuric Acid

17-46 17-50 17-52

18 OPERATIONS
Operations Optimization and Process Control Emergency Plans Interlocks and Emergency Shutdown Plant Emissions Weak Gas Strong Gas Plant Startups Plant Shut Downs

18-1
18-3 18-15 18-25 18-27 18-32 18-40 18-45 18-52 18-64

14 INSTRUMENTATION
Instrumentation Temperature Pressure Flow Acid Concentration SO2 Concentration O2 Concentration SO3/Acid Mist Dew Point Opacity NOx

14-1
14-3 14-4 14-7 14-9 14-13 14-16 14-18 14-22 14-23 14-24 14-25

19 OLEUM AND SULPHUR TRIOXIDE


Oleum and Sulphur Trioxide Oleum Oleum Distillation Sulphur Trioxide Handling and Storage Oleum Handling and Storage

19-1
19-3 19-5 19-11 19-14 19-19

15 SAFETY
Safety Sulphuric Acid/Oleum Safety Sulphur Dioxide Safety Sulphuric Acid Mist Safety Showers and Eyewashes Spills Pipeline Identification Noise

15-1
15-3 15-8 15-13 15-16 15-19 15-22 15-24 15-26

20 WEAK ACID EFFLUENT TREATMENT


Weak Acid Effluent Treatment Lime Arsenic Copper Molybdenum Mercury Selenium Other Impurities

20-1
20-3 20-20 20-23 20-30 20-31 20-32 20-34 20-36

16 MATERIALS
Materials Corrosion Polarization Curves Metals High Silicon Stainless Steels Chas. S. Lewis Alloys Meehanite Protective Coatings Membranes and Mortars Elastomers

16-1
16-5 16-8 16-92 16-96 16-113 16-118 16-119 16-121 16-132 16-136

21 SULPHURIC ACID CONCENTRATION AND RECOVERY


Sulphuric Acid Concentration Sulphuric Acid Recovery

21-1

21-3 21-19

22 PLANT SIMULATIONS
Plant Simulations Physical Properties

22-1
22-3 22-14

17 PROPERTIES
Properties Sulphur Sulphur Dioxide Sulphur Trioxide Sulphuric Acid

17-1
17-3 17-4 17-17 17-27 17-34

23 SULPHURIC ACID PLANT SPECIFICATION


Sulphuric Acid Plant Specification Equipment Specifications

23-1
23-3 23-27

CONTENTS
24 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Plant Laboratory Test Standards and Methods Sampling Sulphur Gas Cleaning Mercury Removal Contact Section Product Sulphuric Acid Liquid Sulphur Dioxide

24-1
24-3 24-5 24-9 24-14 24-22 24-24 24-26 24-33 24-40

Table A-5 Table A-6 Table A-7 Table A-8

Flanged Tees and Crosses Flanged Reducers Flanged Reducing 90o Elbows Pipe Data Carbon and Alloy Steel Stainless Steel

Time to Drain a Horizontal Cylindrical Tank Fan Design

Appendix B Patents
Table B-1 Table B-2 Table B-3 Table B-4 Table B-5 Table B-6 Table B-7 Table B-8 Table B-9 Table B-10 Table B-11 Table B-12 Table B-13 Table B-14 Table B-15 Table B-16 Table B-17 Table B-18 Table B-19 Table B-20 Table B-21 Table B-22 Table B-23 Sulphuric Acid Technology Catalyst Vanadium Catalyst Platinum Catalyst Converter Designs Acid Distributors Gas-to-Gas Heat Exchangers Towers Mist Eliminators Sulphur Dioxide to Sulphur Sulphur Dioxide Scrubbing Mercury Removal Nitorgen Oxides Acid Regeneration and Concentration Sulphur Dioxide Technology Impurity Removal Sulphur Technology Materials Sulphur Combustion Sulphur Trioxide Technology Gas Cleaning Technology A-1 Energy Recovery Technology Acid Cooler Technology

25 MAINTENANCE
Maintenance Equipment Inspection Equipment Life Spares Plant Retrofits and Revamps Plant Shut Down and Mothballing Plant Relocation

25-1
25-5 25-35 25-47 25-57 25-61 25-74 25-82

26 UTILITIES
Utilities Cooling Water Air Systems Electric Power Fuel Systems Boiler Feed Water Systems

26-1
26-3 26-4 26-9 26-14 26-17 26-19

APPENDIX Appendix A Engineering Data


Table A-1 Table A-2 Table A-3 Table A-4 Barometric Pressure at Elevations Above/Below Mean Sea Level BWG Equivalents Cast Iron Flange Dimensions Flanged Bends

Appendix C Equipment Checklists Appendix D MONDI Pipe Specification

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