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Chap 01-13-7-2012

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Anjani Podila
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74 views19 pages

Chap 01-13-7-2012

Uploaded by

Anjani Podila
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

What is a Digital Image? What is Digital Image Processing? Advantages over analog image Processing

Main aim of digital image processing


Improvement of image data for human interpretation Processing of image data for storage and transmission

Applications
Medicine, Forensics, Remote sensing, Newspaper, Communications

Chapter 1
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS AND IMAGE TRANSFORMS

Fundamental steps in DIP

Components of an Image Processing system


Storage 1.Short term 2.Online 3.Archival

Digital Image Types : Intensity Image

Intensity image or monochrome image each pixel corresponds to light intensity normally represented in gray scale (gray level).

Gray scale values


10 10 16 28 9 6 26 37 15 25 13 22 32 15 87 39

Digital Image Types : RGB Image

Color image or RGB image: each pixel contains a vector representing red, green and blue components.

RGB components
10 10 16 28 9 65 70 56 43 6 26 37 32 99 70 56 78 54 96 67 15 256013902296 67 21 54 47 42 32 1585878539 92 43 54 65 65 39 32 65 87 99

Image Types : Binary Image

Binary image or black and white image Each pixel contains one bit : 1 represent white 0 represents black

Binary data
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sampling and Quantization

Sampling and Quantization

Representing Digital images


Spatial domain Spatial variables or coordinates M,N,L=2k b = M x N x k k-bit image Brightness and Contrast

(Images from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E Wood, Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edition.

Brightness and Contrast

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Spatial & Intensity Resolution


Spatial resolution-smallest discernible detail in an image Intensity resolution-smallest discernible change in intensity level

Spatial Resolution

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Intensity Resolution

256

128

64

32

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Intensity Resolution
16

2
15

Isopreference curve
Nk plane (N : spatial resolution, k : graylevel resolution)

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Interpolation
Nearest neighbor interpolation Bilinear Interpolation Bicubic Interpolation

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Bilinear interpolation
Use 4 nearest neighbors to estimate the intensity at a given location. v(x,y))=ax+by+cxy+d v(x,y) is the intensity value to be assigned to location (x, y) Coefficients a,b,c,d are assigned from 4 nearest neighbors.

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