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3 Way Handshakes TCP

The document discusses the TCP three-way handshake process. It involves three steps: (1) the client sends a SYN packet to the server with its initial sequence number (ISN) and window size, (2) the server responds with a SYN-ACK packet containing its own ISN and window size, (3) the client replies with an ACK packet. This allows the client and server to synchronize settings needed to establish a TCP connection for transmitting data.

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Ankit Shakya
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189 views6 pages

3 Way Handshakes TCP

The document discusses the TCP three-way handshake process. It involves three steps: (1) the client sends a SYN packet to the server with its initial sequence number (ISN) and window size, (2) the server responds with a SYN-ACK packet containing its own ISN and window size, (3) the client replies with an ACK packet. This allows the client and server to synchronize settings needed to establish a TCP connection for transmitting data.

Uploaded by

Ankit Shakya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TCP 3 Way Handshake

What is TCP Handshake ? Components of 3 Way Handshake mechanism. ISN ( Initial Sequence Number ) Window Sizing

The 3 Way Handshake

The synchronization of two TCP computers has to follow a defined process, a handshake. Both machines must inform the other of communication specific settings vital to the successful transmission of data. These settings are used so that each machine knows of the others capabilities in handling TCP packets. The 3 way handshake, as the name suggests, has 3 parts. The following diagram shows the 3 steps in establishing a handshake, and therefore a TCP session.

Client / Server Communication

The computer wishing to initiate the TCP session, the Client in the above example, transmits a packet with the SYN control bit set, a synchronize packet. This packet includes the clients Initial Sequence Number (ISN) and Window size (WIN).

The ISN is a pseudo-randomly generated number. It is essential to remember that the actual sequence number space is finite, although very large. This space ranges from 0 to 2^32 1, which equates to 4,294,967,295 (over 4 Billion) possible combinations. Every TCP terminal has a Window size that tells the sender how many bytes it can send before the receiver will have to toss it away due to fixed input buffer size. Imagine it as a bucket of water, if you pour too much water into my bucket, it will overflow. The Window size tells both machines what the size of bucket the other has. You may have noticed that the acknowledgement (ACK) by each machine is the received packet sequence number plus one increment. This method of acknowledgement will tell the sender the next expected TCP packet sequence number. When within the 3 way handshake, the increment value is literally 1. When inside normal data communications, the increment valueis that of the data size in bytes, e.g. you transmit 38 bytes of data, the increment goes up by 38 to ACK the 38 bytes.

Client / Server Communication (ISN & Window Size )

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