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Observation: A Tool For Data Collection

Arpita Sharma is Doctoral Research Scholar in the Dept. of Agricultural Communication of G. B. Pant University at Pantnagar.

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120 views18 pages

Observation: A Tool For Data Collection

Arpita Sharma is Doctoral Research Scholar in the Dept. of Agricultural Communication of G. B. Pant University at Pantnagar.

Uploaded by

ARPITA
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Observation

A tool of data collection


Arpita Sharma Ph.D. Research Scholar Dept. of Agricultural Communication G. B. Pant University of Ag.& Tech. Pantnagar, Uttarakhand

Observation
A basic tool of information gathering The act of apprehending things and events their attributes Concrete relationship Direct awareness of our own mental awareness An act of recognizing and noting some fact or occurrence

Four important dimensions


What is to be observed? How to record observation? How to ensure the accuracy of observation? What should be the relation between observer and observed?

Scientific technique
Is planned and recorded systematically Formulated research plan To check and controls on validity and reliability

Concept of observation
Observational methods of Data collection are techniques for gathering information without direct questioning on the part of investigator.
Methodological way of looking at the behavior of others in a specific situation and recording the same thoroughly in some form of other.

Participant observation
Investigator conceals his real purpose A group member or community member True feelings of all the activities through participants Record the natural behavior Depth of data No biasness

Advantages of Participant observation


Natural condition Minute and hidden fact Intimate detail

Limitation of Participant observation


Researcher become emotional, gets biased and with the result forget to record many important detail. Observe the members who are nearer Lose objectivity fail to note certain important detail

Non Participant observation


Physical isolation Psychological isolation Natural state Researcher need not actually participate in the peoples activity Very difficult

Advantages of Non Participant observation

Complete, purely scientific and objective method of data collection Mission of data is not possible Natural condition of observing the behavior is maintained. Best in quasi-participant detail

Limitation of non participant observation

Faulty interpretation Some activities are not visible

Controlled observation
Standardization of observation techniques To check any bias due to faulty perception, incomplete information and effect of external stimuli on specific situation Use in experimental research

Contii--- Control over phenomena Control over observation

Advantages of Controlled observation

Greater depth Help in verification of data Standard technique Extraneous variable are controlled

Uncontrolled observation
Natural condition No check or control May be biased Suitable for Exploratory researches

Guidelines for data collection


Physical environment of the village centre of community life Agriculture Intra group organization Leadership Relationship with other community Informal control List of problem

Thank You

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