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Backcross Method

The backcross method is a breeding technique used to transfer a desirable trait from a donor parent to a recurrent parent with an otherwise superior genome. It involves crossing the recurrent parent with the F1 hybrid, and then repeatedly backcrossing the progeny with the recurrent parent over multiple generations. This progressively increases the proportion of the recurrent parent's genome being selected, while maintaining the desirable trait from the donor parent. Typically 5-6 backcrosses are needed to recover over 96% of the recurrent parent's genome.

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753 views14 pages

Backcross Method

The backcross method is a breeding technique used to transfer a desirable trait from a donor parent to a recurrent parent with an otherwise superior genome. It involves crossing the recurrent parent with the F1 hybrid, and then repeatedly backcrossing the progeny with the recurrent parent over multiple generations. This progressively increases the proportion of the recurrent parent's genome being selected, while maintaining the desirable trait from the donor parent. Typically 5-6 backcrosses are needed to recover over 96% of the recurrent parent's genome.

Uploaded by

nmaars
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Backcross Method

Dr.N.Marappa

What is Back Cross ???

Parents

Parents

Test cross
Parents x

What is Back cross breeding???


A system of breeding in which repeated backcrosses are made to transfer a specific character to a well adopted variety for which the variety is deficient

Features
Application Parental material Genetic constitution No. of Backcrosses 5-6 Basic requirements

Requirements
A satisfactory recurrent parent, usually an

established cultivar

A donor parent with a desirable characteristic

A sufficient number of backcrosses to reconstitute the recurrent parent High heritability of trait selected

What is Donor Parent??

Line containing a gene of interest

What is Recurrent Parent ???

An elite line that can be made better by adding the gene of interest

Hemizygous a gene present in only one dose.

Homozygous

having like alleles at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes.

Heterozygous having different alleles at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes.

Single Gene Transfer : Linkage Drag with Traditional Backcross Breeding Donor variety

Commercial Variety
X

Resistance Gene

New Variety

Backcross Breeding Method


(A = recurrent parent, B = non-recurrent, donor parent) step 1: cross (A x B) F1 [50% of genome from A plus 50% of unrelated genome from B] step 2: backcross (A x F1)BC1F1 [50% of genome from A plus 50% of genome from F1, which itself is 50% A] therefore [50% + 50%(50%)] = 75% A genome (50% recurrent parent)

(75% recurrent parent)

step 3: backcross (A x BC1F1)BC2F1 (87.5% recurrent parent) [50% of genome from A plus 50% of genome from F1, which itself is 75% A] therefore [50% + 50%(75%)] = 87.5% A genome

step 4: backcross (A x BC2F1)BC3F1 (93.75% recurrent parent) [50% of genome from A plus 50% of genome from F1, which itself is 87.5% A] therefore [50% + 50%(87.5%)] = 93.75% A genome

step 5: backcross (A x BC3F1)BC4F1 (96.875% recurrent parent) [50% of genome from A plus 50% of genome from F1, which itself is 93.75% A] therefore [50% + 50%(93.75%)] = 96.875% A genome

General equation for average recovery of the recurrent parent:

1 - () n+1
for the F1, n= 0;

where, n is the number of backcrosses to the recurrent parent.

for BC1, n=1;


for the BC2, n=2; for the BC3, n=3, etc.

First year Parent B


F1 RR Rr x rr

x Parent A
rr

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