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Programming Under UNIX

The document discusses the steps to compile and execute C programs under UNIX/Linux operating systems. It explains how to create source files, compile them into object files using the preprocessor and compiler, link the object files into an executable file, and then execute the program optionally passing command line arguments. It also describes how to use the make utility to automate the build process and how to access and use command line arguments in a C program.

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abdullah samdi
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183 views6 pages

Programming Under UNIX

The document discusses the steps to compile and execute C programs under UNIX/Linux operating systems. It explains how to create source files, compile them into object files using the preprocessor and compiler, link the object files into an executable file, and then execute the program optionally passing command line arguments. It also describes how to use the make utility to automate the build process and how to access and use command line arguments in a C program.

Uploaded by

abdullah samdi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CE 466

Operating System Programming

Programming Under UNIX

Computer Engineering Department


Yarmouk University
9/21/2008

Steps to execute a ‘c’ program


Preprocessor
A source file
directives +
C statement
Preprocessor

An intermediate C statements
source file

C compiler

Machine codes +
An object file
Info for a linker
Lib of
object Linker
files

Machine
Executable file
program
Preparing a ‘c’ program Under UNIX

• After starting a text %gvim


editor (for example vi . . . .
working with gvim
or PICO), create and . . . .
save a source text file
(for example
myprog.c).

• Compile and link the %gcc -o myprog myprog.c


program. The result is
executable file (for
example, myprog). %myprog or
%myprog param1,param2...
• Start your program.

Preparing a ‘c’ program Under UNIX


• Create and save each
source file.

• Compile each source %gcc -c module1.c


file separately. The %gcc -c module2.c
result is object files %gcc -c module3.c
(module1.o, module2.o,
module3.o)
%gcc -o myprog module1.o
module2.o module3.o
• Link the object files.
The result is executable %myprog or
file. %myprog param1,param2...

• Start your program.


Make Utility
#possible makefile
edit : main.o kbd.o command.o display.o insert.o \
search.o files.o utils.o
gcc -o edit main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \
insert.o search.o files.o utils.o
main.o : main.c defs.h
gc -c main.c
kbd.o : kbd.c defs.h command.h
gcc -c kbd.c
command.o : command.c defs.h command.h
gcc -c command.c
files.o : files.c defs.h buffer.h command.h
gcc -c files.c
…………….
utils.o : utils.c defs.h
gcc -c utils.c
clean :
rm edit main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \
insert.o search.o files.o utils.o

Make Utility
#possible makefile
prog1 : main.o kbd.o command.o display.o insert.o \
search.o files.o utils.o
cc -o prog1 main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \
insert.o search.o files.o utils.o
main.o : main.c defs.h
cc -c main.c
kbd.o : kbd.c defs.h command.h
cc -c kbd.c Executable File
command.o : command.c defs.h command.h
cc -c command.c
files.o : files.c defs.h buffer.h command.h
cc -c files.c Target Files
……………. or Prerequisites
utils.o : utils.c defs.h
cc -c utils.c
clean :
rm prog1 main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \
insert.o search.o files.o utils.o
Commands and C Programs

main( ) Without command line parameters


{ To start: %progname
body of the function
}

main(int argc, char *argv[]) With one or more command


{ line parameters
Body of function To start: %progname par1
par2 ..
}

• %time ↵ (No parameters)


• %mkdir NewDire ↵ (one parameter)

Understanding Arguments

main(int argc, char *argv[])


main(int argc, char **argv)
*argv [ ]
0 Command name \0
1 Parameter 1 name \0
2 Parameter 2 name \0
.
.

n Parameter n name \0
n+1 ∅
argc = n + 1
n = number of parameters
NULL pointer
Understanding Arguments

%copy text1.c text2.c

argc = 3

*argv [ ] structure
C o p y \0
0
1 T e x t 1 . c \0
T e x t 2 . c \0
2
∅

Understanding Arguments
main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
(use pointers to access envp)

*envp [ ]
0 “HOME = /home/user1”
1 “SHELL = /usr/bin/csh”
2
.
.

n Env Parameter #n \0
n+1 ∅
argc = n + 1
n = number of parameters
NULL pointer
Using Arguments
/* source myprog.c , executable myprog */
#include <stdio.h>
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ int Num;
if ( argc < 2 )
{
cout << “Usage : “ << argv[0]
<< “parameter\n”;
exit ( 1 ) ;
}
cout << “Starting program ” << argv[0] << endl;
cout << “with “ << argc-1 << “parameter(s)\n” ;
cout << “First parameter is “ << argv[1];
Num = atoi(argv[1]);
exit ( 0 ) ;
}

Using Arguments
/* source myprog.c , executable myprog */
#include <stdio.h>
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ int Num;
if ( argc < 2 )
{
printf( “Usage : %s parameter\n”, argv[0] ) ;
exit ( 1 ) ;
}
printf(“Starting program %s \n”, argv[0] ) ;
printf(“with %d parameter(s)\n”, argc-1 ) ;
printf(“First parameter is %s\n”, argv[1] ) ;
Num = atoi(argv[1]);
exit ( 0 ) ;
}

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