Chapter 3 Chemical Formulae and Equations

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Chapter 3 Chemical Formulae and Equations

2. Relative molecular mass of a compound = mass of one molecule of compound 1/12 x mass of one carbon 12 atom Note: Relative molecular mass = Sum of relative atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule (A) The Mole and the Number of Particles
x NA

number of moles
NA

number of particles

Example 1: Calculate the number of particles in (a) 0.2 mole of copper atoms, Cu (Answer :1.2 x 1023) (b) 0.03 mole of water molecules, H2O (Answer :1.8 x 1022) Example 2: Calculate the number of atoms in (a) 1.2 mole of chlorine gas, Cl2 (Answer :1.44x1024) (b) 0.075 mole of ammonia gas, NH3 (Answer :1.8x1023) Example 3: Calculate the number of moles of the following substance: (a) 7.5x1021 chromium atoms (Answer :0.0125 mole atom) (b) 9x1023 water molecules (Answer :1.5 mole molecule) (B) Number of Moles and Mass x molar mass number of moles
molar mass

mass (g)

Example: Determine the mass of each of the following substance: (a) 1.2 mole of sodium atoms. (Answer :27.6g) (b) 0.075 mole of dichloro-difluoromethane, CCl2F2 (Answer :9.075g) (Relative atomic mass: C,12; F,19; Na,23; Cl,35.5) (C) The Mole and the Volume of Gas

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1. Number of moles

x molar volume Volume of gas (dm3)

2. Example: Calculate (a) the volume occupied by 3.5 moles of ammonia gas at s.t.p.( Answer :78.4dm3) (b) the volume occupied by 2.8g carbon monoxide at s.t.p.( Answer :2.24dm3) (E) Relationships between the number of particles, number of moles, mass and volume of gases: x NA Number of particles NA x molar volume molar volume Number of moles molar mass x molar mass Mass (g)

Volume of gas (dm-3) (D) Chemical Formulae Symbol of hydrogen atom

H2

The subscript 2 shows there are two hydrogen atoms

1 molecule of nitric acid

HNO3

Contains 1 hydrogen atom, 1 nitrogen atom and 3 oxygen atoms.

(E) 1. Empirical formula of a compound gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound. 2. Molecular formula of the compound shows the actual numbers of the atoms of the elements that combine to form the compound. 3. Molecular formula = (Empirical formula) n whereby n is positive integer

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4. Example : Compoun Empirical formula Molecular formula n d Water H2O (H2O) 1 = H2O 1 Ethane CH2 (CH2) 2= C2H4 2 Glucose CH2O (CH2O) 2 = C6H12O6 6 Example 1: A compound CxHyOz contains 40% carbon and 53.3% oxygen. If the relative molecular mass of the compound is 180, find its (i) empirical formula (Answer :CH2O) (ii) molecular formula [Answer :CH2O)6 / C6H12O6] (Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16)

Example 2: When 14.4g of copper oxide is reduced by hydrogen gas, 12.8g of copper metal is obtained. Determine the empirical formula of copper oxide. (Answer :Cu2O) (Relative atomic mass: O, 16; Cu, 64)

(G ) Chemical Formulae and Equations

Chapter 3 Chemical Formulae and Equations

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Cation and Anion

Cation Hydrogen ion Lithium ion Sodium ion Potassium ion Rubidium ion Magnesium ion Calcium ion Aluminum ion Copper (II) ion Zinc ion Lead (II) ion Iron (II) ion Iron (III) ion Silver ion Chromium (III) ion Manganese (II) ion ammonium ion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

cation H+ Li+ Na+ K+ Rb+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Al3+ Cu2+ Zn2+ Pb2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Ag+ Cr3+

No Formula anion 1 F2 Cl3 Br4 I5 O26 P37 OH8 Cr2 O729 MnO410 PO4311 CO3212 NO313 SO42-

Anion Fluoride ion Chloride ion Bromide ion Iodide ion Oxide ion Phosphide ion Hydroxide ion Dichromate(VI) ion manganate(VII) ion Phosphate ion Carbonate ion Nitrate ion Sulphate ion

16 Mn2+ 17 NH4+

(I) Chemical Formula of ionic compound Example: 1. Calcium Chloride Answer: Formula of ion Calcium ion, Ca2+ Chloride ion, ClCharge of ion +2 -1 Ratio 1 2 Chemical formula is CaCl2 2. Aluminum oxide 3. Sodium hydroxide 4. Potassium nitrate 5. Sodium sulfate 6. Copper (II) sulfate 7. Aluminium phosphate 8. Ammonium carbonate 9. Magnesium nitrate 10. Aluminum sulfate (II) Write down the chemical formula of the following substance:

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1. NaNO3 ______________________________ 2. FeSO4 ______________________________ 3. CO2 ______________________________

4. Zn(NO3) 2 _____________________________ 5. CaCO3 ______________________________ (H) Chemical Equation produce Reactants Example: Zn (s) + Cl2 (g) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) Products ZnCl2 (s) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

Write down the chemical equation of the following reactions 1. Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce a white metallic oxide. 2. Chemical reaction between magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, and dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl. Magnesium Chloride, MgCl2, water and carbon dioxide are formed.
3. Aluminum reacts with copper (II) oxide to produce copper and aluminium oxide.

4. When copper (II) nitrate is heated, it decomposes to produce copper (II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. 5. Iron reacts with chlorine, a brown iron (III) chloride is formed.

Practice Chapter 3: 1. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that has no calorie. Its molecular formula is C14H18N2O5

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Calculate its relative molecular mass. (Answer: 294) [Ar: H=1; C=12; N=14; O=16] 2. Find the mass of the following: a. 4.5 x 1022 chromium atom (Answer: 3.9 g Cr) b. 3 x 1024 helium atom (Answer: 20 g He) 23 [Ar: Cr= 52; He= 4. NA = 6 x 10 mol-1]
3. 5.5 g of gas Y occupies a volume 3 dm3 at room temperature. Find the relative molecular mass of gas Y. (Answer: 44 g)

[Ar: C= 12; H= 1; O= 16; N= 14. 1 mole of gas occupies a volume 24 dm3 at room temperature] 4. Magnesium can burn in oxygen to produce magnesium oxide. a. Write the chemical equation showing the reaction. b. Calculate the mass of magnesium oxide that formed if 4.8g of magnesium is burnt. (Answer :8g) c. Calculate the volume of oxygen needed for this combustion 3g of magnesium at room temperature. (Answer: 1.5 dm3 oxygen) [Ar: O= 16; Mg= 24. 1 mole of gas occupies a volume 24 dm3 at room temperature]
5. Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, decomposes to give water and oxygen. Write the chemical

equation showing the reaction. If 1.7g of Hydrogen peroxide decomposes, calculate a. the volume of oxygen produced at room conditions. (Answer: 600 cm3) b. the number of molecules of oxygen produced in the reaction. (Answer :1.5x1022 molecules) [NA=6x1023 mol-1] Disediakan oleh PUI MUI FOONG SM Teknik Miri May 2008