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Special Square Matrices

1. A diagonal matrix has non-zero entries only along its main diagonal. 2. An identity matrix has ones along its main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It is denoted In for an n×n matrix. 3. A lower (upper) triangular matrix has zeros above (below) its main diagonal.

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Ricardo Emilio Arana
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119 views1 page

Special Square Matrices

1. A diagonal matrix has non-zero entries only along its main diagonal. 2. An identity matrix has ones along its main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It is denoted In for an n×n matrix. 3. A lower (upper) triangular matrix has zeros above (below) its main diagonal.

Uploaded by

Ricardo Emilio Arana
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Special Square Matrices


I. D IAGONAL MATRIX
aij = 0 for all i 6= j

a11
0
A=
0
0

0
a22
0
0

0
0
a33
0

0
0

0
a44

V. S YMMETRIC MATRIX
AT = A, therefore aji = aij

a11 a21
a21 a22
A=
a31 a32
a41 a42

a31
a32
a33
a43

a41
a42

a43
a44

Example

1
A = 7
3

II. I DENTITY MATRIX


Diagonal with aii = 1. The n n identity matrix is denoted
by In .

1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0

I4 =
0 0 1 0 = [e1 , e2 , e3 , e4 ]
0 0 0 1
with

0
..
.

ei =
1
.
..
0

2
A= 0
0

4
2
0

are zero.

a14
a24

a34
a44

3
1
3

All entries above the main diagonal are zero.

a11 0
0
0
a21 a22 0
0

A=
a31 a32 a33 0
a41 a42 a43 a44
Example
3
A= 2
1

0
2
3

AT = A, therefore aji = aij


Note that aii = aii , aii = 0

a11 a21 a31


a21 a22 a32
A=
a31 a32
a33
a41 a42
a43
0
A = 3
2

IV. L OWER TRIANGULAR MATRIX

VI. S KEW SYMMETRIC ( OR ANTISYMMETRIC ) MATRIX

Example

3
1
4

a41
a42

a43
a44

Example

III. U PPER TRIANGULAR MATRIX


All entries below the main diagonal

a11 a12 a13


0 a22 a23
A=
0
0 a33
0
0
0

7
0
1

0
0
3

3
0
1

2
1
0

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