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1. What is the average velocity of ultrasound in soft tissue at 5.0 MHz ? (A) 1540 meters per millisecond (B) 2200 miles per hour (C) 1087 meters per second (D) 1540 meters per second 2. Red blood cells are an example of a (A) rayleigh reflector (B) non-specular reflector (C) strong reflector (D) mirror reflector 3. Which has a higher acoustic impedance coefficient ? (A) solid (B) liquid (C) gas (D) all the above 4. A hyperechoic region is (A) low amplitude (B) anechoic (C) echo free (D) echogenic 5. The angle of refraction is described by (A) Snell's law (B) Curie's principle (C) Huygen's principle (D) speed differences 6. What is reflection in multiple directions from a reflector that is small relative to the wavelength (A) multipath artifact (B) Snell's scattering (C) Hguyens principle (D) Rayleigh scattering

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7. Receiver demodulation can not be controlled by the sonographer (A) True (B) False 8. Reflection at a tissue interface depends primarily on (A) impedance (B) bandwidth (C) beam profile (D) velocity differences 9. Azimuthal resolution is also known as (A) lateral resolution (B) range resolution (C) axial resolution (D) none of the above 10. What is the Doppler shift frequency in soft tissue if the transmitted frequency is 3 MHz and the velocity of a reflector is 20 cm/s ? (A) 195 Hz (B) 390 Hz (C) 780 Hz (D) 3.07 MHz (E) 3.14 MHz 11. Intensity of the ultrasound beam is proportional to the square root of the acoustic pressure (A) True (B) False 12. Aliasing is not a problem with color flow imaging. (A) True (B) False 13. Density is an acoustic variable (A) True (B) False

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14. If the PRF increases, duty factor ___________ (A) Increases (B) decreases (C) remains the same (D) is unrelated 15. A-Mode is mainly used to measure distance (A) True (B) False 16. Period is (A) the amplitude of a wave (B) the speed of a wave (C) the time it takes to complete a single cycle (D) the length it takes to complete a single cycle 17. Spatial pulse length is determined by the (A) oscillator (B) pulser (C) pulse oscillator (D) all of the above 18. Transmission angle is less than the incident angle if the propagation speed of (A) medium 2 is less than that of medium 1 (B) medium 1 is higher than that of medium 2 (C) two media are the same (D) none of the above 19. Diffraction is the (A) spreading out of an ultrasound beam (B) bending of the sound beam (C) dissipation of heat (D) reverse refraction

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20. Annular array transducers steer the beam (A) axially (B) electronically (C) mechanically (D) none of the above 21. _______ is a Rayleigh scatterer (A) lung (B) liver (C) red cell (D) diaphragm 22. A bit is the smallest part of a digital "word" (A) True (B) False 23. Velocity times density equals (A) intensity (B) duty factor (C) quality factor (D) impedance 24. What is the pulse duration for five cycles of 5 MHz ultrasound ? (A) 0.5 microsecond (B) 1.0 microsecond (C) 0.25 microsecond (D) 5.0 microsecond 25. Aliasing artifacts are unique to (A) power doppler (B) pulsed Doppler (C) continuous wave Doppler (D) none of the above 26. The intensity reflection coefficient depends on acoustic impedance mismatch (A) True (B) False

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27. Velocity of sound in a medium is constant regardless of frequency. (A) True (B) False 28. Density is not an acoustic variable (A) True (B) False 29. If the PRP increases, duty factor ___________ (A) Increases (B) decreases (C) remains the same (D) is unrelated 30. A high PRF is needed to image deep structures (A) True (B) False 31. Longitudinal waves are (A) parallel to the axis of the wave propagation (B) perpendicular to the axis of the wave propagation (C) compressed perpendicular to the axis of the wave propagation (D) none of the above 32. Wavelength has the greatest effect on (A) lateral resolution (B) far zone (C) axial resolution (D) temporal resolution 33. What is necessary to calculate distance to a reflector ? (A) density and pulse length (B) density and round-trip time (C) attenuation coefficient and reflector amplitude (D) propagation speed and round-trip time

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34. Scattering is (A) redirection of the sound beam in many directions (B) bending of the sound beam in any direction (C) heat conversion (D) none of the above 35. The percentage of ultrasound reflected at an air/liquid interface is (A) 100% (B) high (C) low (D) none 36. A specular reflector has surface texture ________ the wavelength of the incident wave (A) less than (B) equal to (C) irrelevant to (C) greater than 37. In a cathode ray tube display device the electron beam is steered by (A) deflection plates (B) phased arrays (C) photon converters (D) voltages from the scan converter 38. If it takes 50 microseconds for a pulse to return as an echo, how deep is the reflector ? (A) 1 cm (B) 2 cm (C) 3 cm (D) 4 cm 39. Q value is determined by (A) frequency and bandwidth (B) pulse duration and bandwidth (C) impedance and bandwidth (D) none of the above

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40. Shadowing artifacts are (A) from velocity change (B) observed distal to cystic structures (C) caused by differences in attenuation (D) none of the above 41. A-mode scanning represents the depth of the signal in the horizontal dimension. (A) True (B) False 42. Poiseuilles equation states that the volume rate of flow through a vessel is inversely proportional to (A) vessel radius (B) blood density (C) pressure gradient (D) blood viscosity 43. Temperature is an acoustic variable (A) True (B) False 44. Spatial pulse length __________ if the frequency is increased (A) Increases (B) decreases (C) remains the same (D) is unrelated 45. The Reynolds number predicts aliasing (A) True (B) False 46. Transverse waves are (A) parallel to the axis of the wave propagation (B) perpendicular to the axis of the wave propagation (C) compressed perpendicular to the axis of the wave propagation (D) none of the above

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47. Beam diameter determines (A) temporal resolution (B) the number of scan lines (C) axial resolution (D) lateral resolution 48. Mirror image artifact is sometimes seen near the (A) aorta (B) gall bladder (C) stomach (D) diaphragm 49. The binary number 1011000 equals the decimal number (A) 64 (B) 101 (C) 88 (D) 1342 50. Low frequency transducers have (A) shorter wavelengths and less penetration (B) longer wavelengths and greater penetration (C) shorter wavelengths and greater penetration (D) longer wavelengths and less penetration

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Physics 50 Questions Worksheet and Answer Key 1________ 2________ 3________ 4________ 5________ 6________ 7________ 8________ 9________ 10________ 11________ 12________ 13________ 14________ 15________ 16________ 17________ 18________ 19________ 20________ 21________ 22________ 23________ 24________ 25________ 26________ 27________ 28________ 29________ 30________ 31________ 32________ 33________ 34________ 35________ 36________
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37________ 38________ 39________ 40________ 41________ 42________ 43________ 44________ 45________ 46________ 47________ 48________ 49________ 50________

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1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. C
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39. A 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. B

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