SCAN Setup for Oracle 11g Release2(11gR2) RAC implementation

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Single client access name (SCAN) is introduced in Oracle 11g R2 Cluster Ready Software(CRS) to simplify the database connection strings that an Oracle Client uses to connect to an Oracle Cluster Database. I have received a few emails about SCAN setup issues and I have promised that I would come up with an article addressing the following questions:

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What is SCAN in Oracle 11g R2 RAC?

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Single client access name (SCAN) is meant to facilitate single name for all Oracle clients to connect to the cluster database, irrespective of number of nodes and node location. Until now, we have to keep adding multiple address records in all clients tnsnames.ora, when a new node gets added to or deleted from the cluster. Client TNS Entry in pre 11gR2 RAC environments environments:
[oid1@rac1 admin]$cat tnsnames.ora OIDDB = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED)

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[oid1@rac1 admin]$tnsping oiddb

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Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oid.freeoraclehelp.com))) OK (10 msec)

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[oid1@rac1 admin]$sqlplus system@oiddb

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Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

As you see above, we got to list all the addresses of all DB nodes. If the cluster has got more than cluster nodes, we got to list each and every node out here. This need to be updated when a new node is added or existing node is removed. OIDDB = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3-vip.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac4-vip.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) .... .... (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oid.freeoraclehelp.com) )

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This is big problem when the cluster has many nodes and end user application makes connections to the databases. SCAN would help us easily manage the DB Connection strings in Client tnsnames.ora files. Here is how a SCAN entry would appear:

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[oid1@rac1 admin]$cat tnsnames.ora OIDDB = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oid.freeoraclehelp.com) ) )

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[oid1@rac1 admin]$tnsping oiddb

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 14:37:16

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oid.freeoraclehelp.com))) OK (0 msec) [oid1@rac1 admin]$ [oid1@rac1 admin]$sqlplus system@OIDDB

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Thu Dec 15 14:37:28 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

So, you would see only one SCAN ADDRESS in tnsnames.ora files no matter how many nodes in the cluster are. (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.freeoraclehelp.com)(PORT = 1521))

How does SCAN work ?

SCAN is a GSD resource, which is managed by CRS. So, SCAN is pretty much aware of what's going on in the cluster. Though Oracle documentation suggests that SCAN is a recommendation, but its a kind of mandatory as Oracle 11gR2 OUI would not proceed without it. SCAN is on top of VIPs, but you can directly connect to the local listener if you would like to bypass SCAN in clients tnsnames.ora. Clients use SCAN name in tnsnames.ora to make the DB connection. SCAN Listener would forward the request to local listener thats running on VIPs.

You would see these redirections at the SQLPLUS trace below.

connect(6, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) connect(6, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) connect(8, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) connect(8, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) connect(8, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(0), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.10")}, 16) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(1521), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.23")}, 16) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(1521), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.24")}, 16) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(1521), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.25")}, 16) = 0

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connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.20")}, 28) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(0), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.24")}, 16) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(0), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.25")}, 16) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(0), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.23")}, 16) = 0 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(1521), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.25")}, 16) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress) connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(1521), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.11")}, 16) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress)

192.168.1.25 is one of the SCAN IPs and 192.168.1.11 is the VIP of the first RAC node.
[oid1@rac1 ~]$ nslookup 192.168.1.11 Server: Address: 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.20#53

11.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa

name = rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com.

[oid1@rac1 ~]$ nslookup 192.168.1.25 Server: Address: 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.20#53

25.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa

name = scan.freeoraclehelp.com.

[oid1@rac1 ~]$ nslookup scan.freeoraclehelp.com Server: Address: 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.20#53

Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.25 Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.23 Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.24

[oid1@rac1 ~]$

So, SCAN needs to resolve to one to three IP addresses with the same name. Oracle recommends using three IP Addresses for SCAN in DNS. There would be three SCAN listeners only, though the cluster has got dozens of nodes. SCAN listeners would be started from GRID Oracle Home, not the database/rdbms home. Since its part of a grid, this can be used for all the database in the cluster. So, we don't to run netca to create listeners in DB Homes anymore. If the default port, 1521, is used, Oracle instances (PMON) automatically registers with the SCAN listener. Here is a quick look at Oracle documentation's load balancing flow with SCAN:

1. PMON process of each instance registers the database services with the default listener on the local node and with each SCAN listener, which is specified by the REMOTE_LISTENER database parameter. 2. Oracle client connects using SCAN name: myscan:1521/sales.example.com 3. Client queries DNS to resolve scan_name. 4. SCAN listener selects least loaded node (node in this example) 5. The client connects to the local listener on node2. The local listener starts a dedicated server process for the connection to the database. 6. The client connects directly to the dedicated server process on node2 and accesses the sales2 database instance.
SQL> show parameter local_listener

NAME

TYPE

VALUE ---------

-------------------- --------local_listener string

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)

(HOST=192.168.1.11)(PORT=1521))))

SQL> show parameter remote_listener

NAME

TYPE

VALUE ---------

-------------------- --------remote_listener SQL> string

scan.freeoraclehelp.com:1521

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After the installation, two SCAN listeners would be started on one node and another SCAN listener on another node in a two node cluster.
[grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl config scan SCAN name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com, Network: 1/192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0/eth0 SCAN VIP name: scan1, IP: /scan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.25 SCAN VIP name: scan2, IP: /scan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.23 SCAN VIP name: scan3, IP: /scan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.24 [grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl config scan_listener SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 exists. Port: TCP:1521 SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN2 exists. Port: TCP:1521 SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN3 exists. Port: TCP:1521 [grid@rac1 ~]$crsctl stat res -w "TYPE = ora.scan_listener.type" NAME=ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr TYPE=ora.scan_listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on rac1

NAME=ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr TYPE=ora.scan_listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on rac2

NAME=ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr TYPE=ora.scan_listener.type TARGET=ONLINE STATE=ONLINE on rac2

[grid@rac1 ~]$

[grid@rac1 ~]$ps -ef|grep tnsl oracle oracle 6873 6892 1 0 13:11 ? 1 0 13:11 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN1 -inherit 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit

[grid@rac1 ~]$

[grid@rac1 ~]$lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 15:13:48

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))) STATUS of the LISTENER -----------------------Alias Version Start Date Uptime Trace Level Security SNMP LISTENER_SCAN1 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production 15-DEC-2011 13:11:15 0 days 2 hr. 2 min. 33 sec off ON: Local OS Authentication OFF

Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac1/listener_scan1/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.25)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "oid.freeoraclehelp.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "oid1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "oid2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [grid@rac1 ~]$

[grid@rac2 ~]$ps -ef|grep tnsl oracle oracle oracle oracle 5830 5833 5836 1 0 12:38 ? 1 0 12:38 ? 1 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN3 -inherit 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN2 -inherit 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit 00:00:00 grep tnsl

7423 7372 0 15:14 pts/1

[grid@rac2 ~]$

[grid@rac2 ~]$lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN2

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 15:14:04

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN2))) STATUS of the LISTENER -----------------------Alias Version Start Date Uptime Trace Level Security SNMP LISTENER_SCAN2 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production 15-DEC-2011 12:38:45 0 days 2 hr. 35 min. 19 sec off ON: Local OS Authentication OFF

Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac2/listener_scan2/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

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(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN2))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.23)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "oid.freeoraclehelp.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "oid1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "oid2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [grid@rac2 ~]$lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN3

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 15:14:06

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3))) STATUS of the LISTENER -----------------------Alias Version Start Date Uptime Trace Level Security SNMP LISTENER_SCAN3 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production 15-DEC-2011 12:38:45 0 days 2 hr. 35 min. 21 sec off ON: Local OS Authentication OFF

Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac2/listener_scan3/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.24)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "oid.freeoraclehelp.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "oid1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "oid2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [grid@rac2 ~]$

How to setup DNS for Oracle 11g R2 SCAN?

Oracle recommends three IP Addresses be used for SCAN. SCAN setup has become a big problem for RAC Setups at home or test environments.. especially where there is no real DNS Server in the network. If you're trying to set up 11gR2 RAC at home on VMWare, Oracle Virtualbox, Oracle VM, Xen..etc, you probably hit this situation. Oracle 11gR2 RAC SCAN - DNS (bind) Configuration on Linux would explain setting up a DNS daemon on one of the RAC nodes. Of course, you wouldnt want to run bind in your production RAC nodes. You would have DNS Administrator add three A records for the same name, SCAN. Once DNS is set up, make sure that all three A records are returned in nslookup.
[oid1@rac1 ~]$ nslookup scan.freeoraclehelp.com Server: Address: 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.20#53

Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.25 Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.23 Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.24

[oid1@rac1 ~]$

How to setup GNS for Oracle 11g R2 SCAN?

Grid Naming Service (GNS) is another new service introduced in Oracle RAC 11g R2. With GNS, Oracle Cluster Software (CRS) can manage DHCP and DNS Services for the dynamic node registration and configuration. If youre go to use GNS for the cluster, you should set up a different subdomain in the main DNS Server and delegate name lookups in the subdomain to GNS. For example, if your company domain is freeoraclehelp.com, youre going to create grid.freeoraclehelp.com in the DNS Servers of freeoraclehelp.com and delegate lookups for grid.freeoraclehelp.com to GNS VIP.
# Delegate to GNS Server in DNS Servers grid.freeoraclehelp.com NS gnsvip.freeoraclehelp.com # Address Record for the GNS VIP gnsvip.freeoraclehelp.com. 192.168.1.31

Once subdomain is complete, lookups for the subdomain names from the main domain would be forwarded to GNS Services. You would be entering the subdomain name and GNS VIP during the Grid Infrastructure installation.

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Oracle 11gR2 RAC Installation with GNS, without SCAN explains the Oracle 11g R2 RAC installation with GNS.

How to install Oracle 11g R2 RAC without SCAN Setup in DNS or GNS?
This is mostly suited in three tier web environments where end users would not connect to the database directly and Application Servers can use Local listener Connections (10g like connections over VIPs). So, you would not see much benefits using SCAN here. Whatever may be your reasons, if youd like to use SCAN from hosts file (no DNS changes or No GNS Setup), here is how to do that. If you would like to Install Oracle 11g R2 RAC without SCAN setup in DNS, you would need to create an entry in /etc/hosts for the scan name to point to a different IP address (other than Public IP, Private IP, and VIP addresses) and supply this name for SCAN Prompts during the installation. Make sure that you pick the new IP address in the same subnet as that of VIP addresses and that it is not currently in use.
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 # Public 192.168.1.10 rac1.freeoraclehelp.com 192.168.1.20 rac2.freeoraclehelp.com #Private 192.168.2.10 rac1-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-priv 192.168.2.20 rac2-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-priv #Virtual 192.168.1.11 rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-vip 192.168.1.22 rac2-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-vip #SCAN Entry 192.168.1.25 scan.freeoraclehelp.com scan [root@rac1 ~]# rac1 rac2 localhost.localdomain localhost

This would let you proceed with the installation, however would hit the following error in Cluster Verify Utility, which runs after the installation is complete. Of course, you can ignore this error safely if youre using SCAN entry from hosts file.
INFO: PRVF-4664 : Found inconsistent name resolution entries for SCAN name "scan.freeoraclehelp.com" INFO: ERROR: INFO: PRVF-4657 : Name resolution setup check for "scanclunm" (IP address: 192.168.1.25) failed INFO: ERROR: INFO: PRVF-4664 : Found inconsistent name resolution entries for SCAN name "scan.freeoraclehelp.com"

How to move SCAN from DNS to /etc/hosts?

After the installation of the cluster with DNS SCAN name, If you need to switch from DNS SCAN name to local /etc/hosts entry SCAN Name, here are steps. Of course, you cannot have multiple IP addresses in hosts file. So, it would be resolved to only one IP address in this method. 1. Stop the SCAN: Source Grid home, srvctl stop scan_listener, and srvctl stop scan then.
[grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl stop scan PRCR-1065 : Failed to stop resource ora.scan1.vip CRS-2529: Unable to act on 'ora.scan1.vip' because that would require stopping or relocating 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr', but the force option was not specified PRCR-1065 : Failed to stop resource ora.scan2.vip CRS-2529: Unable to act on 'ora.scan2.vip' because that would require stopping or relocating 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr', but the force option was not specified PRCR-1065 : Failed to stop resource ora.scan3.vip CRS-2529: Unable to act on 'ora.scan3.vip' because that would require stopping or relocating 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr', but the force option was not specified

Stop the scan_listener first and then stop scan resource

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[grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl stop scan_listener [grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl stop scan [grid@rac1 ~]$ps -ef|grep tnsl oracle oracle 6892 6940 1 0 13:11 ? 1 0 13:11 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit 00:00:00 /oracle/product/10.2.0/rdbms/bin/tnslsnr OID_RAC1 -inherit

[grid@rac1 ~]$

2. Add an entry in /etc/hosts file for SCAN name:

[root@rac2 ~]# nslookup scan.freeoraclehelp.com Server: Address: 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.20#53

Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.25 Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.23 Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.24

[root@rac2 ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

#nameserver 192.168.1.20 # Second RAC Node nameserver 192.168.1.1 # Primary DNS in the domain search freeoraclehelp.com # Local Domain

[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

#nameserver 192.168.1.20 # Second RAC Node nameserver 192.168.1.1 # Primary DNS in the domain search freeoraclehelp.com # Local Domain

[root@rac2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 # Public 192.168.1.10 rac1.freeoraclehelp.com 192.168.1.20 rac2.freeoraclehelp.com #Private 192.168.2.10 rac1-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-priv 192.168.2.20 rac2-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-priv #Virtual 192.168.1.11 rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-vip 192.168.1.22 rac2-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-vip #SCAN Entry 192.168.1.25 scan.freeoraclehelp.com scan [root@rac2 ~]# rac1 rac2 localhost.localdomain localhost

[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 # Public 192.168.1.10 rac1.freeoraclehelp.com 192.168.1.20 rac2.freeoraclehelp.com #Private 192.168.2.10 rac1-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-priv 192.168.2.20 rac2-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-priv #Virtual 192.168.1.11 rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-vip 192.168.1.22 rac2-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-vip #SCAN Entry 192.168.1.25 scan.freeoraclehelp.com scan [root@rac1 ~]# rac1 rac2 localhost.localdomain localhost

[root@rac1 ~]# nslookup scan.freeoraclehelp.com Server: Address: 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1#53

** server can't find scan.freeoraclehelp.com: NXDOMAIN

[root@rac1 ~]# ping scan.freeoraclehelp.com PING scan.freeoraclehelp.com (192.168.1.25) 56(84) bytes of data. From rac1.freeoraclehelp.com (192.168.1.10) icmp_seq=0 Destination Host Unreachable From rac1.freeoraclehelp.com (192.168.1.10) icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From rac1.freeoraclehelp.com (192.168.1.10) icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

--- scan.freeoraclehelp.com ping statistics --4 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 3027ms , pipe 4 [root@rac1 ~]#

[root@rac2 ~]# nslookup scan.freeoraclehelp.com Server: Address: 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1#53

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** server can't find scan.freeoraclehelp.com: NXDOMAIN

[root@rac2 ~]# ping scan.freeoraclehelp.com PING scan.freeoraclehelp.com (192.168.1.25) 56(84) bytes of data. From rac2.freeoraclehelp.com (192.168.1.20) icmp_seq=0 Destination Host Unreachable From rac2.freeoraclehelp.com (192.168.1.20) icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From rac2.freeoraclehelp.com (192.168.1.20) icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

--- scan.freeoraclehelp.com ping statistics --11 packets transmitted, 0 received, +9 errors, 100% packet loss, time 10071ms , pipe 4 [root@rac2 ~]#

3. Configure the Cluster to take the new VIPs As root user on one of the cluster nodes (not needed on both the nodes):
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/srvctl modify scan -n scan.freeoraclehelp.com

As grid user on one of the cluster nodes (not needed on both the nodes):
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl modify scan_listener -u [grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start scan_listener

Verify that only one SCAN Listener is started and IP is right.

[grid@rac1 ~]$ps -ef|grep tnsl oracle oracle 7961 1 0 15:44 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit 00:00:00 grep tnsl

9148 4994 0 16:10 pts/2

[grid@rac1 ~]$

[grid@rac2 ~]$ps -ef|grep tnsl oracle oracle oracle 9014 9451 1 0 15:52 ? 1 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN1 -inherit 00:00:00 grep tnsl

9463 7372 0 16:10 pts/1

[grid@rac2 ~]$lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 16:10:39

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))) STATUS of the LISTENER -----------------------Alias Version Start Date Uptime Trace Level Security SNMP LISTENER_SCAN1 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production 15-DEC-2011 16:10:14 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 25 sec off ON: Local OS Authentication OFF

Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac2/listener_scan1/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.25)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully [grid@rac2 ~]$

[grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl config scan SCAN name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com, Network: 1/192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0/eth0 SCAN VIP name: scan1, IP: /scan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.25 [grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl config scan_listener SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 exists. Port: TCP:1521 [grid@rac1 ~]$

How to move SCAN from /etc/hosts to DNS?

After the installation of the cluster with SCAN with one IP address in /etc/hosts, If you need to switch to DNS SCAN, here are steps. 1. Stop the SCAN: Source Grid home, srvctl stop scan_listener, and srvctl stop scan then.
[grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl stop scan_listener [grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl stop scan

2. Remove/comment the entry in /etc/hosts file for SCAN and setup a DNS name with multiple A (three A records), if it is not already setup. I have the SCAN setup in a DNS server that runs on the second cluster node. I just have to use it (in resolv.conf). For more information about DNS Setup, refer to How to setup DNS for Oracle 11g R2 SCAN?
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 # Public 192.168.1.10 rac1.freeoraclehelp.com 192.168.1.20 rac2.freeoraclehelp.com #Private 192.168.2.10 rac1-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-priv 192.168.2.20 rac2-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-priv rac1 rac2 localhost.localdomain localhost

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#Virtual 192.168.1.11 rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-vip 192.168.1.22 rac2-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-vip #SCAN Entry #192.168.1.25 scan.freeoraclehelp.com scan [root@rac1 ~]#

[root@rac2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 # Public 192.168.1.10 rac1.freeoraclehelp.com 192.168.1.20 rac2.freeoraclehelp.com #Private 192.168.2.10 rac1-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-priv 192.168.2.20 rac2-priv.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-priv #Virtual 192.168.1.11 rac1-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac1-vip 192.168.1.22 rac2-vip.freeoraclehelp.com rac2-vip #SCAN Entry #192.168.1.25 scan.freeoraclehelp.com scan [root@rac2 ~]# rac1 rac2 localhost.localdomain localhost

[root@rac2 ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 192.168.1.20 # Second RAC Node nameserver 192.168.1.1 # Primary DNS in the domain search freeoraclehelp.com # Local Domain

[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 192.168.1.20 # Second RAC Node nameserver 192.168.1.1 # Primary DNS in the domain search freeoraclehelp.com # Local Domain

[root@rac2 ~]# nslookup scan.freeoraclehelp.com Server: Address: 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.20#53

Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.25 Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.23 Name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.24

3. Configure the Cluster to take the new VIPs As root user on one of the cluster nodes (not needed on both the nodes):
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/srvctl modify scan -n scan.freeoraclehelp.com

As grid user on one of the cluster nodes (not needed on both the nodes):
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl modify scan_listener -u [grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start scan_listener

Verify that configuration is right and three SCAN listeners are started.
[grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl config scan SCAN name: scan.freeoraclehelp.com, Network: 1/192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0/eth0 SCAN VIP name: scan1, IP: /scan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.25 SCAN VIP name: scan2, IP: /scan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.23 SCAN VIP name: scan3, IP: /scan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.24 [grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl config scan_listener SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 exists. Port: TCP:1521 SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN2 exists. Port: TCP:1521 SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN3 exists. Port: TCP:1521 [grid@rac1 ~]$ps -ef|grep tnsl oracle oracle 6873 6892 1 0 13:11 ? 1 0 13:11 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN1 -inherit 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit

[grid@rac1 ~]$

[grid@rac1 ~]$lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 15:13:48

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))) STATUS of the LISTENER -----------------------Alias Version Start Date Uptime Trace Level Security SNMP LISTENER_SCAN1 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production 15-DEC-2011 13:11:15 0 days 2 hr. 2 min. 33 sec off ON: Local OS Authentication OFF

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Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac1/listener_scan1/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.25)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "oid.freeoraclehelp.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "oid1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "oid2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [grid@rac1 ~]$

[grid@rac2 ~]$ ps -ef|grep tnsl oracle oracle oracle oracle 5830 5833 5836 1 0 12:38 ? 1 0 12:38 ? 1 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN3 -inherit 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_SCAN2 -inherit 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit 00:00:00 grep tnsl

7423 7372 0 15:14 pts/1

[grid@rac2 ~]$

[grid@rac2 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN2

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 15:14:04

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN2))) STATUS of the LISTENER -----------------------Alias Version Start Date Uptime Trace Level Security SNMP LISTENER_SCAN2 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production 15-DEC-2011 12:38:45 0 days 2 hr. 35 min. 19 sec off ON: Local OS Authentication OFF

Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac2/listener_scan2/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN2))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.23)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "oid.freeoraclehelp.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "oid1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "oid2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [grid@rac2 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN3

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 15:14:06

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3))) STATUS of the LISTENER -----------------------Alias Version Start Date Uptime Trace Level Security SNMP LISTENER_SCAN3 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production 15-DEC-2011 12:38:45 0 days 2 hr. 35 min. 21 sec off ON: Local OS Authentication OFF

Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac2/listener_scan3/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN3))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.24)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "oid.freeoraclehelp.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "oid1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "oid2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [grid@rac2 ~]$

How to rename SCAN in Cluster?

After the installation of the Oracle 11g R2 cluster with SCAN, If you need to change the scan name from scan.freeoraclehelp.com to newscan.freeoraclehelp.com, here is how. 1. Stop the SCAN: Source Grid home, srvctl stop scan_listener, and srvctl stop scan then.
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop scan_listener [grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop scan

2. Configure the new SCAN in your DNS, or /etc/hosts, or GNS and make sure that lookups are working for the new name.
[root@rac2 ~]# nslookup newscan.freeoraclehelp.com Server: Address: 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.20#53

Name: newscan.freeoraclehelp.com

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Address: 192.168.1.32 Name: newscan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.33 Name: newscan.freeoraclehelp.com Address: 192.168.1.34 [root@rac2 ~]#

3. Configure the Cluster to take the new VIPs As root user on one of the cluster nodes (not needed on both the nodes):
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/product/11.2.0/11.2.0/grid/bin/srvctl modify scan -n newscan.freeoraclehelp.com [root@rac1 ~]#

As grid user on one of the cluster nodes (not needed on both the nodes):
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl modify scan_listener -u [grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start scan_listener

Verify that configuration is right and three SCAN listeners are started.
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config scan SCAN name: newscan.freeoraclehelp.com, Network: 1/192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0/eth0 SCAN VIP name: scan1, IP: /newscan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.34 SCAN VIP name: scan2, IP: /newscan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.33 SCAN VIP name: scan3, IP: /newscan.freeoraclehelp.com/192.168.1.32 [grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config scan_listener SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 exists. Port: TCP:1521 SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN2 exists. Port: TCP:1521 SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN3 exists. Port: TCP:1521 [grid@rac1 ~]$

How to rename SCAN Port in Cluster?

As grid user, source the grid environment to make sure $GRID_HOME/bin is in PATH and 1. Modify SCAN listener port:
[oid1@rac1 ~]$ srvctl modify scan_listener -p 1522

2. Restart SCAN listener so the new port will be effective:

[oid1@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop scan_listener [oid1@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start scan_listener

3. Confirm the change:

[oid1@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config scan_listener SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 exists. Port: TCP:1522 SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN2 exists. Port: TCP:1522 SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN3 exists. Port: TCP:1522 [oid1@rac1 ~]$

Related Posts
Oracle 11gR2 RAC Oracle 11gR2 RAC Installation with GNS, without SCAN Tuning Oracle VM for Oracle 10g / 11g RAC Oracle 11gR2 RAC Upgrade from 10gR2 RAC on Linux Convert RAW Devices to ASMLib, Move OCR, Voting to ASM Disk Groups Oracle 10g RAC Installation on Linux guests of Oracle VM / XEN Setup DNS for SCAN in Oracle 11g R2 RAC Implementation

P o s t e d by Ra j M a re ddi L a bels : O ra c le 1 1 gR2 R AC

4 Comments: Monowar M said... Hi Raj, Thanks for your article. nslookup is fine from both nodes. [root@rac1 ~]# nslookup rac-scan.localdomain Server: 192.168.2.102 Address: 192.168.2.102#53 Name: rac-scan.localdomain Address: 192.168.2.25 Name: rac-scan.localdomain Address: 192.168.2.23 Name: rac-scan.localdomain Address: 192.168.2.24 But ping for above IP address is not working. Again I can'u use 192.168.2.102 as this is 2nd node virtual IP. I see all your installation you used separate DNS server IP [192.168.1.31]. Please let me know if there any way to use above scan DNS IP address. I have no separate DNS server. Regards

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Monowar D ec em b e r 2 7 , 2 0 1 1 6 :2 7 AM

Raj Mareddi said... Monowar, Yes, we cannot ping them until cluster is installed and started.. basically Oracle Cluster (Grid) uses these IPs to start SCAN listeners on. I think you're confused between DNS and GNS. If you're going to use GNS, Oracle Cluster starts a DHCP and DNS Server for you and you do not need to setup the SCAN in DNS at all. If you have DNS server in your network, you do not need to select the GNS (unlike the one in above screenshot). I see that you have setup DNS record for SCAN. You just need to supply this SCAN info and not select "Configure GNS" during the installation. Refer to the following two grid installations.. first one is without GNS (with DNS.. just like your case) and second one is with GNS (and without DNS Setup for SCAN): Oracle 11gR2 RAC Upgrade from 10gR2 RAC on Linux Oracle 11gR2 RAC Installation with GNS, without SCAN Cheers, Raj Mareddi D ec em b e r 2 7 , 2 0 1 1 1 0 :0 6 AM

Anonymous said... Thank you very much. very helpfull article. F eb r ua ry 2 0 , 2 0 1 2 2 :2 9 P M

Venkat said... Really very good article.Please keep it up and publish more. M ay 1 , 2 0 1 2 1 2 :3 1 P M Post a Comment

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