CH A P T E R

Using Cisco IOS Software

This chapter provides information to prepare you to configure a SPA interface processor (SIP) or shared port adapter (SPA) using the Cisco IOS software. It includes the following sections:

Accessing the CLI Using a Router Console, page 1-1 Using Keyboard Shortcuts, page 1-7 Using the History Buffer to Recall Commands, page 1-7 Understanding Command Modes, page 1-8 Getting Help, page 1-9 Using the no and default Forms of Commands, page 1-13 Saving Configuration Changes, page 1-14 Filtering Output from the show and more Commands, page 1-14 Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco Software Images, page 1-15

Accessing the CLI Using a Router Console

The following sections describe how to access the command-line interface (CLI) using a directly-connected console or by using Telnet to obtain a remote console:

Accessing the CLI Using a Directly-Connected Console, page 1-1 Accessing the CLI from a Remote Console Using Telnet, page 1-5 Accessing the CLI from a Remote Console Using a Modem, page 1-6

For more detailed information about configuring and accessing a router through various services, refer to the Cisco IOS Terminal Services Configuration Guide and Cisco IOS Terminal Services Command Reference publications. For more information about making the console cable connections, refer to the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router Hardware Installation Guide.

Accessing the CLI Using a Directly-Connected Console

This section describes how to connect to the console port on the router and use the console interface to access the CLI.

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The PRE module on the Cisco uBR10012 router has two asynchronous serial (EIA/TIA-232) RJ-45 ports that provide connections for a console (an ASCII terminal or PC running terminal emulation software) and a modem for remote access.

Recommended Tools and Supplies

The Cisco uBR10012 router arrives with a console and auxiliary cable kit, which contains the cable and adapters you need for the most common connections to these devices. You need the following tools and supplies to connect to the console port:

RJ-45 to RJ-45 crossover cable RJ-45-to-DB-9 adapter ESD-preventive wrist strap

Note

A crossover cable reverses pin connections from one end to the other. In other words, it connects pin 1 (at one end) to pin 8 (at the other end), pin 2 to pin 7, pin 3 to pin 6, and so on. You can identify a crossover cable by comparing the two modular ends of the cable. Hold the cable ends in your hand, side-by-side, with the tabs at the back. Ensure that the wire connected to the outside (left) pin of the left plug (pin 1) is the same color as the wire connected to the outside (right) pin of the right plug (pin 8). For more information about RJ-45 crossover cables and the console port connectors, see the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router Hardware Installation Guide.

Connecting to the Console Port

The console port provides local administrative access to the router and its command-line interface (CLI).

Note

Each PRE module must have a console port connection (typically to a terminal server) when running a redundant configuration in the chassis. Connect one end of the RJ-45 crossover cable to the serial RJ-45 port (labeled CONSOLE) on the PRE module (Figure 1-1).

Step 1

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Figure 1-1

Console Port Connection on the PRE Module

CISCO 10000

C O N

S O LE

AU X

LI

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E TH E R N LI E N T K

Step 2

Run the other end of the crossover cable through the square hole at the left front side of the chassis, and connect it to the RJ-45-to-DB-9 adapter (see Figure 1-2).
Figure 1-2 Connecting an RJ-45-to-DB-9 Console Cable Adapter
30028

Step 3 Step 4

Connect the adapter to the appropriate serial port on the PC or terminal to complete the console port cable connection. Power on the PC or terminal.

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Step 5

Configure the PC terminal emulation software or the terminal for the following default settings:

9600 baud 8 data bits No parity generation or checking 1 stop bit No flow control

Note

These are the default serial communication parameters on the router. For information about how to change the default settings to meet the requirements of your terminal or host, refer to the Cisco IOS Terminal Services Configuration Guide.

Using the Console Interface

To access the CLI using the console interface, complete the following steps:
Step 1 Step 2

After you attach the terminal hardware to the console port on the router and you configure your terminal emulation software with the proper settings, the initial prompt should appear. Press Return to enter user EXEC configuration mode. The following prompt appears:
Router>

Step 3

From user EXEC configuration mode, enter the enable command as shown in the following example:
Router> enable

Step 4

At the password prompt, enter your systems password. The following example shows entry of the password called enablepass:
Password: enablepass

Step 5

When your enable password is accepted, the privileged EXEC configuration mode prompt appears:
Router#

Step 6 Step 7

You now have access to the CLI in privileged EXEC configuration mode and you can enter the necessary commands to complete your desired tasks. To exit the console session, enter the quit command as shown in the following example:
Router# quit

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Accessing the CLI from a Remote Console Using Telnet

This section describes how to connect to the console interface on a router using Telnet to access the CLI.

Preparing to Connect to the Router Console Using Telnet

Before you can access the router remotely using Telnet from a TCP/IP network, you need to configure the router to support virtual terminal lines (vtys) using the line vty global configuration command. You also should configure the vty lines to require login and specify a password.

Note

To prevent disabling login on the line, be careful that you specify a password with the password command when you configure the login line configuration command. If you are using authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA), you should configure the login authentication line configuration command. To prevent disabling login on the line for AAA authentication when you configure a list with the login authentication command, you must also configure that list using the aaa authentication login global configuration command. For more information about AAA services, refer to the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide and Cisco IOS Security Command Reference publications. In addition, before you can make a Telnet connection to the router, you must have a valid hostname for the router or have an IP address configured on the router. For more information about requirements for connecting to the router using Telnet, information about customizing your Telnet services, and using Telnet key sequences, refer to the Cisco IOS Terminal Services Configuration Guide.

Using Telnet to Access a Console Interface

To access a console interface using Telnet, complete the following steps:
Step 1

From your terminal or PC, enter one of the following commands:

connect host [port] [keyword] telnet host [port] [keyword]

In this syntax, host is the router hostname or an IP address, port is a decimal port number (23 is the default), and keyword is a supported keyword. For more information, refer to the Cisco IOS Terminal Services Command Reference.

Note

If you are using an access server, then you will need to specify a valid port number such as telnet 172.20.52.40 2004, in addition to the host name or IP address.

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The following example shows the telnet command to connect to the router named router:
unix_host% telnet router Trying 172.20.52.40... Connected to 172.20.52.40. Escape character is '^]'. unix_host% connect

Step 2

At the password prompt, enter your login password. The following example shows entry of the password called mypass:
User Access Verification Password: mypass

Note Step 3

If no password has been configured, press Return. From user EXEC configuration mode, enter the enable command as shown in the following example:
Router> enable

Step 4

At the password prompt, enter your systems password. The following example shows entry of the password called enablepass:
Password: enablepass

Step 5

When the enable password is accepted, the privileged EXEC configuration mode prompt appears:
Router#

Step 6 Step 7

You now have access to the CLI in privileged EXEC configuration mode and you can enter the necessary commands to complete your desired tasks. To exit the Telnet session, use the exit or logout command as shown in the following example:
Router# logout

Accessing the CLI from a Remote Console Using a Modem

To access the router remotely using a modem through an asynchronous connection, connect the modem to the console port. The console port on a Cisco uBR10012 router is an EIA/TIA-232 asynchronous, serial connection with hardware flow control and an RJ-45 connector. The console port is located on the front panel of the supervisor engine, as shown in Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4.
Figure 1-3 Supervisor Engine 720 Console Port Connector

Console port

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Using Cisco IOS Software Using Keyboard Shortcuts

Figure 1-4
WS-SUP32-GE-3B

Supervisor Engine 32 Console Port Connector

CONSOLE
ST AT U S SY ST EM AC TI VE PW R M G R M ES T ET

CATALYST 6500 SUPERVISOR ENGINE 32

Console port

To connect a modem to the console port, place the console port mode switch in the in position. Connect to the port using the RJ-45-to-RJ-45 cable and the RJ-45-to-DB-25 DCE adapter (labeled Modem).

Using Keyboard Shortcuts

Commands are not case sensitive. You can abbreviate commands and parameters if the abbreviations contain enough letters to be different from any other currently available commands or parameters. Table 1-1 lists the keyboard shortcuts for entering and editing commands.
Table 1-1 Keyboard Shortcuts

Keystrokes Ctrl-B or the Left Arrow key1 Ctrl-F or the Right Arrow key1 Ctrl-A Ctrl-E Esc B Esc F

Purpose Move the cursor back one character Move the cursor forward one character Move the cursor to the beginning of the command line Move the cursor to the end of the command line Move the cursor back one word Move the cursor forward one word

1. The arrow keys function only on ANSI-compatible terminals such as VT100s.

Using the History Buffer to Recall Commands

The history buffer stores the last 20 commands you entered. History substitution allows you to access these commands without retyping them, by using special abbreviated commands.

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Table 1-2 lists the history substitution commands.

Table 1-2 History Substitution Commands

Command Ctrl-P or the Up Arrow key

1

Purpose Recall commands in the history buffer, beginning with the most recent command. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively older commands. Return to more recent commands in the history buffer after recalling commands with Ctrl-P or the Up Arrow key. While in EXEC mode, list the last several commands you have just entered.

Ctrl-N or the Down Arrow key1

Router# show history

1. The arrow keys function only on ANSI-compatible terminals such as VT100s.

Understanding Command Modes

You use the CLI to access Cisco IOS software. Because the CLI is divided into many different modes, the commands available to you at any given time depend on the mode that you are currently in. Entering a question mark (?) at the CLI prompt allows you to obtain a list of commands available for each command mode. When you log in to the CLI, you are in user EXEC mode. User EXEC mode contains only a limited subset of commands. To have access to all commands, you must enter privileged EXEC mode, normally by using a password. From privileged EXEC mode you can issue any EXEC commanduser or privileged modeor you can enter global configuration mode. Most EXEC commands are one-time commands. For example, show commands show important status information, and clear commands clear counters or interfaces. The EXEC commands are not saved when the software reboots. Configuration modes allow you to make changes to the running configuration. If you later save the running configuration to the startup configuration, these changed commands are stored when the software is rebooted. To enter specific configuration modes, you must start at global configuration mode. From global configuration mode, you can enter interface configuration mode and a variety of other modes, such as protocol-specific modes. ROM monitor mode is a separate mode used when the Cisco IOS software cannot load properly. If a valid software image is not found when the software boots or if the configuration file is corrupted at startup, the software might enter ROM monitor mode. Table 1-3 describes how to access and exit various common command modes of the Cisco IOS software. It also shows examples of the prompts displayed for each mode.
Table 1-3 Accessing and Exiting Command Modes

Command Mode User EXEC Privileged EXEC

Access Method Log in. From user EXEC mode, use the enable EXEC command.

Prompt
Router> Router#

Exit Method Use the logout command. To return to user EXEC mode, use the disable command.

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Table 1-3

Accessing and Exiting Command Modes (continued)

Command Mode Global configuration

Access Method From privileged EXEC mode, use the configure terminal privileged EXEC command.

Prompt
Router(config)#

Exit Method To return to privileged EXEC mode from global configuration mode, use the exit or end command. To return to global configuration mode, use the exit command. To return to privileged EXEC mode, use the end command.

Interface config- From global configurauration tion mode, specify an interface using an interface command. Controller configuration

Router(config-if)#

Router(config-controller)# To return to global configuration mode, use the From global configuration mode, specify a conexit command. troller using the To return to privileged EXEC mode, use the end controller command. command.

Router(config-fiber-node)# To return to global configuration mode, use the Cable fiber-node From global configuraconfiguration tion mode, specify a fiber exit command. node using the To return to privileged EXEC mode, use the end cable fiber-node command. command.

ROM monitor

> From privileged EXEC mode, use the reload EXEC command. Press the Break key during the first 60 seconds while the system is booting.

To exit ROM monitor mode, use the continue command.

For more information on command modes, refer to the Using the Command-Line Interface chapter in the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals and Network Management Configuration Guide.

Getting Help
Entering a question mark (?) at the CLI prompt displays a list of commands available for each command mode. You can also get a list of keywords and arguments associated with any command by using the context-sensitive help feature. To get help specific to a command mode, a command, a keyword, or an argument, use one of the following commands:
Table 1-4 Help Commands and Purpose

Command
help abbreviated-command-entry?

Purpose Provides a brief description of the help system in any command mode. Provides a list of commands that begin with a particular character string. (No space between command and question mark.) Completes a partial command name.

abbreviated-command-entry<Tab>

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Table 1-4

Help Commands and Purpose (continued)

Command
? command ?

Purpose Lists all commands available for a particular command mode. Lists the keywords or arguments that you must enter next on the command line. (Space between command and question mark.)

Finding Command Options Example

This section provides an example of how to display syntax for a command. The syntax can consist of optional or required keywords and arguments. To display keywords and arguments for a command, enter a question mark (?) at the configuration prompt or after entering part of a command followed by a space. The Cisco IOS software displays a list and brief description of available keywords and arguments. For example, if you were in global configuration mode and wanted to see all the keywords or arguments for the arap command, you would type arap ?. The <cr> symbol in command help output stands for carriage return. On older keyboards, the carriage return key is the Return key. On most modern keyboards, the carriage return key is the Enter key. The <cr> symbol at the end of command help output indicates that you have the option to press Enter to complete the command and that the arguments and keywords in the list preceding the <cr> symbol are optional. The <cr> symbol by itself indicates that no more arguments or keywords are available and that you must press Enter to complete the command.

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Table 1-5 shows examples of how you can use the question mark (?) to assist you in entering commands.
Table 1-5 Finding Command Options

Command
Router> enable Password: <password> Router#

Comment Enter the enable command and password to access privileged EXEC commands. You are in privileged EXEC mode when the prompt changes to a # from the >; for example, Router> to Router#. Enter the configure terminal privileged EXEC command to enter global configuration mode. You are in global configuration mode when the prompt changes to Router(config)#. Enter interface configuration mode by specifying the serial interface that you want to configure using the interface serial global configuration command. Enter ? to display what you must enter next on the command line. In this example, you must enter the serial interface slot number and port number, separated by a forward slash. When the <cr> symbol is displayed, you can press Enter to complete the command. You are in interface configuration mode when the prompt changes to
Router(config-if #.

Router# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#

Router(config)# interface serial ? <0-6> Serial interface number Router(config)# interface serial 4 ? / Router(config)# interface serial 4/ ? <0-3> Serial interface number Router(config)# interface serial 4/0 ? <cr> Router(config)# interface serial 4/0 Router(config-if)#

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Table 1-5

Finding Command Options (continued)

Command
Router(config-if)# ? Interface configuration commands: . . . ip Interface Internet Protocol config commands keepalive Enable keepalive lan-name LAN Name command llc2 LLC2 Interface Subcommands load-interval Specify interval for load calculation for an interface locaddr-priority Assign a priority group logging Configure logging for interface loopback Configure internal loopback on an interface mac-address Manually set interface MAC address mls mls router sub/interface commands mpoa MPOA interface configuration commands mtu Set the interface Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) netbios Use a defined NETBIOS access list or enable name-caching no Negate a command or set its defaults nrzi-encoding Enable use of NRZI encoding ntp Configure NTP . . . Router(config-if)# Router(config-if)# ip ? Interface IP configuration subcommands: access-group Specify access control for packets accounting Enable IP accounting on this interface address Set the IP address of an interface authentication authentication subcommands bandwidth-percent Set EIGRP bandwidth limit broadcast-address Set the broadcast address of an interface cgmp Enable/disable CGMP directed-broadcast Enable forwarding of directed broadcasts dvmrp DVMRP interface commands hello-interval Configures IP-EIGRP hello interval helper-address Specify a destination address for UDP broadcasts hold-time Configures IP-EIGRP hold time . . . Router(config-if)# ip

Comment Enter ? to display a list of all the interface configuration commands available for the serial interface. This example shows only some of the available interface configuration commands.

Enter the command that you want to configure for the interface. This example uses the ip command. Enter ? to display what you must enter next on the command line. This example shows only some of the available interface IP configuration commands.

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Table 1-5

Finding Command Options (continued)

Command
Router(config-if)# ip address ? A.B.C.D IP address negotiated IP Address negotiated over PPP Router(config-if)# ip address

Comment Enter the command that you want to configure for the interface. This example uses the ip address command. Enter ? to display what you must enter next on the command line. In this example, you must enter an IP address or the negotiated keyword. A carriage return (<cr>) is not displayed; therefore, you must enter additional keywords or arguments to complete the command.

Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1 ? A.B.C.D IP subnet mask Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1

Enter the keyword or argument that you want to use. This example uses the 172.16.0.1 IP address. Enter ? to display what you must enter next on the command line. In this example, you must enter an IP subnet mask. A <cr> is not displayed; therefore, you must enter additional keywords or arguments to complete the command.

Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 ? secondary Make this IP address a secondary address <cr> Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0

Enter the IP subnet mask. This example uses the 255.255.255.0 IP subnet mask. Enter ? to display what you must enter next on the command line. In this example, you can enter the secondary keyword, or you can press Enter. A <cr> is displayed; you can press Enter to complete the command, or you can enter another keyword.

Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#

In this example, Enter is pressed to complete the command.

Using the no and default Forms of Commands

Almost every configuration command has a no form. In general, use the no form to disable a function. Use the command without the no keyword to re-enable a disabled function or to enable a function that is disabled by default. For example, IP routing is enabled by default. To disable IP routing, use the no ip routing command; to re-enable IP routing, use the ip routing command. The Cisco IOS software command reference publications provide the complete syntax for the configuration commands and describe what the no form of a command does.

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Many CLI commands also have a default form. By issuing the command default command-name, you can configure the command to its default setting. The Cisco IOS software command reference publications describe the function of the default form of the command when the default form performs a different function than the plain and no forms of the command. To see what default commands are available on your system, enter default ? in the appropriate command mode.

Saving Configuration Changes

Use the copy running-config startup-config command to save your configuration changes to the startup configuration so that the changes will not be lost if the software reloads or a power outage occurs. For example:
Router# copy running-config startup-config Building configuration...

The command writes the configuration data to the routers nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM). It might take a few seconds to save the configuration.

Filtering Output from the show and more Commands

You can search and filter the output of show and more commands. This functionality is useful if you need to sort through large amounts of output or if you want to exclude output that you need not see. To use this functionality, enter a show or more command followed by the pipe character (|); one of the keywords begin, include, or exclude; and a regular expression on which you want to search or filter (the expression is case sensitive): show command | {begin | include | exclude} regular-expression The output matches certain lines of information in the configuration file. The following example illustrates how to use output modifiers with the show interface command when you want the output to include only lines in which the expression protocol appears:
Router# show interface | include protocol FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Serial4/0 is up, line protocol is up Serial4/1 is up, line protocol is up Serial4/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down Serial4/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down

For more information on the search and filter functionality, refer to the Using the Command-Line Interface chapter in the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals and Network Management Configuration Guide.

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Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco Software Images

Cisco IOS software is packaged in feature sets consisting of software images that support specific platforms. The feature sets available for a specific platform depend on which Cisco IOS software images are included in a release. To identify the set of software images available in a specific release or to find out if a feature is available in a given Cisco IOS software image, you can use Cisco Feature Navigator or the software release notes.

Using Cisco Feature Navigator

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS software image support. Access Cisco Feature Navigator at http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/CFN/jsp/index.jsp. You must have an account on Cisco.com. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click Cancel at the login dialog box and follow the instructions that appear. The channel-bonding functionality of the Cisco Cable Wideband Solution, Release 1.0, has the feature name DOCSIS 3.0 Downstream. The Cisco uBR10012 router, Cisco Wideband SIP, and Cisco Wideband SPA are key components of the DOCSIS 3.0 Downstream Solution, Release 2.0.

Using Software Advisor

Question: From what I can see, Software Advisor is not available for the uBR10012? If so, I will remove this section. If you select Find Software with Features I Need in Software Advisor, on next window if you select Model = uBR10K, message says not supported yet. . To see if a feature is supported by a Cisco IOS release, to locate the software document for that feature, or to check the minimum software requirements of Cisco IOS software with the hardware installed on your router, Cisco maintains the Software Advisor tool on Cisco.com at http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/CompNav/Index.pl. You must be a registered user on Cisco.com to access this tool.

Using Software Release Notes

Cisco IOS software releases include release notes that provide the following information:

Platform support information Memory recommendations New feature information Open and resolved severity 1 and 2 caveats for all platforms

Release notes are intended to be release-specific for the most current release, and the information provided in these documents may not be cumulative in providing information about features that first appeared in previous releases.

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