Some tips for avoiding redundancy in writing a essay.

Giving examples
For example For instance Namely

The most common way of giving examples is by using for example or for instance. Namely refers to something by name. "There are two problems: namely, the expense and the time."

Adding information
And Furthermore In addition Moreover As well as Apart from Also In addition to Too Besides

Ideas are often linked by and. In a list, you put a comma between each item, but not before and. "We discussed training, education and the budget." Also is used to add an extra idea or emphasis. "We also spoke about marketing." You can use also with not only to give emphasis. "We are concerned not only by the costs, but also by the competition." We don't usually start a sentence with also. If you want to start a sentence with a phrase that means also, you can use In addition, or In addition to this As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence. "As well as the costs, we are concerned by the competition." "We are interested in costs as well as the competition." Too goes either at the end of the sentence, or after the subject and means as well. "They were concerned too." "I, too, was concerned." Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as, or in addition to. "Apart from Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer." "Besides Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer." Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are making. "Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market. Moreover, they tell us about the competition."

Summarising
In short To conclude In brief In summary In conclusion To summarise In a nutshell

We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a summary of what we have said or written.

Sequencing ideas
The former, the latter The first point is Lastly Firstly, secondly, finally The following

The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two points. "Marketing and finance are both covered in the course. The former is studied in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term." Firstly, secondly, finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas. It's rare to use "fourthly", or "fifthly". Instead, try the first point, the second point, the third point and so on. The following is a good way of starting a list. "The following people have been chosen to go on the training course: N Peters, C Jones and A Owen."

Giving a reason
Due to / due to the fact that Because Since Owing to / owing to the fact that Because of As

Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun. "Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%." "Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks." If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject, verb and object), you must follow the words with the fact that. "Due to the fact that oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25." "Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike, the company has been unable to fulfil all its orders." Because / because of Because of is followed by a noun. "Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed." Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. For example, "Because it was raining, the match was postponed." "We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more productive."

Since / as Since and as mean because.

"Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff." "As the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."

Giving a result
Therefore This means that So As a result Consequently

Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way. "The company are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on extra staff." So is more informal.

Contrasting ideas
But Despite / despite the fact that Nevertheless While However Although / even though

In spite of / in spite of the fact that Nonetheless Whereas Unlike In theory in practice

But is more informal than however. It is not normally used at the beginning of a sentence. "He works hard, but he doesn't earn much." "He works hard. However, he doesn't earn much." Although, despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast. With these words, you must have two halves of a sentence. "Although it was cold, she went out in shorts." "In spite of the cold, she went out in shorts." Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to. They must be followed by a noun. If you want to follow them with a noun and a verb, you must use the fact that. "Despite the fact that the company was doing badly, they took on extra employees." Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway. "The sea was cold, but he went swimming nevertheless." (In spite of the fact that it was cold.) "The company is doing well. Nonetheless, they aren't going to expand this year." While, whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different from each other. "While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown." "Taxes have gone up, whereas social security contributions have gone down." "Unlike in the UK, the USA has cheap petrol." In theory in practice show an unexpected result.

"In theory, teachers should prepare for lessons, but in practice, they often don't have enough time."

all things considered

All things considered, Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape now than ever before. All things considered, Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape now than ever before. As a matter of fact, there are more woodlands in Connecticut now than there were in 1898. as a matter of fact, There are more woodlands in Connecticut now than there were in 1898. As far as I'm concerned, there is no need for further protection of woodlands. As far as I'm concerned, there Further protection of woodlands is not needed. This is because there are fewer farmers at the present time. This is because there are fewer farmers now. Woodlands have grown in area because of the fact that farmers have abandoned their fields. Woodlands have grown in area because farmers have abandoned their fields. Major forest areas are coming back by means of natural processes. Major forest areas are coming back through natural processes. (or naturally) Our woodlands are coming back by virtue of the fact that our economy has shifted its emphasis. Our woodlands are coming back by virtue of the fact that because our economy has shifted its emphasis. Due to the fact that their habitats are being restored, forest creatures are also re-establishing their population bases. Due to the fact that Because their habitats are being restored, forest creatures are also reestablishing their population bases. The fear that exists among many people that we are losing our woodlands is uncalled for. The fear that exists among many people that we are losing our woodlands is uncalled for. The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has, for all intents and purposes, passed. The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has, for all intents and

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by virtue of the fact that

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for all intents and purposes

purposes,passed. for the most part For the most part, people's suspicions are based on a misunderstanding of the facts. For the most part, pPeople's suspicions are based on a misunderstanding of the facts. Many woodlands, in fact, have been purchased for the purpose of creating public parks. Many woodlands, in fact, have been purchasedfor the purpose of creating as public parks. This policy has a tendency to isolate some communities. This policy has a tendency tends to isolate some communities. The policy has, in a manner of speaking, begun to Balkanize the more rural parts of our state. The policy has, in a manner of speaking, begun to Balkanize the more rural parts of our state. In a very real sense, this policy works to the detriment of those it is supposed to help. In a very real sense, this This policy works to the detriment of those it is supposed to help. In my opinion, this wasteful policy ought to be revoked. In my opinion, thisThis wasteful policy ought to be revoked. In the case of this particular policy, citizens of northeast Connecticut became very upset. Citizens of northeast Connecticut became very upset about his policy. In the final analysis, the state would have been better off without such a policy. In the final analysis, the The state would have been better off without such a policy. In the event that enough people protest, it will probably be revoked. If enough people protest, it will probably be revoked. Something in the nature of a repeal may soon take place. Something in the nature of like a repeal may soon take place. Legislators are already in the process of reviewing the statutes. Legislators are already in the process

for the purpose of

have a tendency to

in a manner of speaking

in a very real sense

in my opinion

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in the event that

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of reviewing the statutes. it seems that It seems that they can't wait to get rid of this one. It seems that they They can't wait to get rid of this one. They have monitored the activities of conservationists in a cautious manner. They have cautiously monitored the activities of conservationists. The point I am trying to make is that sometimes public policy doesn't accomplish what it set out to achieve. The point I am trying to make is that someSometimes public policy doesn't accomplish what it set out to achieve. Legislators need to be more careful of the type of policy they propose. Legislators need to be more careful of the type ofpolicy they propose. What I mean to say is that well intentioned lawmakers sometimes make fools of themselves. What I mean to say is that well Well intentioned lawmakers sometimes make fools of themselves. The Lean Version midnight noon 3 am spectacular/phenomenal an honest person 14 birds biography circle proximity unanimous consensus cooperate each enclosed result

manner

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exactly the same final completion frank and honest exchange free gift he/she is a person who . . . important/basic essentials in spite of the fact that

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in the field of economics/law in economics/law enforcement enforcement in the event that job functions new innovations one and the same particular interest period of four days personally, I think/feel personal opinion puzzling in nature refer back repeat again return again revert back shorter/longer in length small/large in size square/round/rectangular in shape summarize briefly surrounded on all sides surrounding circumstances the future to come there is no doubt but that usual/habitual custom we are in receipt of if job or functions innovations the same interest four days I think/feel opinion puzzling refer repeat return revert shorter/longer small/large square/round/rectangular summarize surrounded circumstances the future no doubt custom we have received

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