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Xquery Tutorial: Dan Goldberg & Craig Knoblock University of Southern California

This document provides an introduction and overview of the XQuery language for querying XML documents. It describes XQuery as an expression language where every statement evaluates to a result. It covers basic XQuery concepts like nodes, path expressions, FLWOR expressions, and provides examples of XQuery queries and their results on a sample XML document.

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32 views

Xquery Tutorial: Dan Goldberg & Craig Knoblock University of Southern California

This document provides an introduction and overview of the XQuery language for querying XML documents. It describes XQuery as an expression language where every statement evaluates to a result. It covers basic XQuery concepts like nodes, path expressions, FLWOR expressions, and provides examples of XQuery queries and their results on a sample XML document.

Uploaded by

Salah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Xquery Tutorial

Dan Goldberg & Craig Knoblock University of Southern California

References
XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language
www.w3.org/TR/xquery/

XML Query Use Cases


www.w3.org/TR/xmlquery-use-cases

What is XQuery: Katz, 2004. XQuery from the Experts


http://www.gnu.org/software/qexo/XQuery-Intro.html

XQuery Tutorial
http://www.datadirect.com/developer/xquery/xquery_tutorial/ind ex.ssp

XQuery Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/xquery/default.asp

Example XML Document: bib.xml


<bib> <book year="1994"> <title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> <author><last>Stevens</last><first>W.</first></author> <publisher>Addison-Wesley</publisher> <price> 65.95</price> </book> <book year="1992"> <title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title> <author><last>Stevens</last><first>W.</first></author> <publisher>Addison-Wesley</publisher> <price>65.95</price> </book>

Example XML Document: bib.xml


<book year="2000"> <title>Data on the Web</title> <author><last>Abiteboul</last><first>Serge</first></author> <author><last>Buneman</last><first>Peter</first></author> <author><last>Suciu</last><first>Dan</first></author> <publisher>Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</publisher> <price> 39.95</price> </book> <book year="1999"> <title>The Economics of Technology and Content for Digital TV</title> <editor> <last>Gerbarg</last><first>Darcy</first> <affiliation>CITI</affiliation> </editor> <publisher>Kluwer Academic Publishers</publisher> <price>129.95</price> </book> </bib>

Xquery Overview
Xquery is an expression language
Every statement evaluates to some result
let $x := 5 let $y := 6 return 10*$x+$y Evaluates to 56

Primitive types
Number, boolean, strings, dates, times, durations, and XML types

Nodes and Expressions


Various functions create or return nodes
Document function reads an XML file
doc("http://server/xquery/bib.xml") We will use doc(bib.xml) throughout, but you must use the expansion

Element constructor creates a node:


<doc><par>Blah Blah</par></doc>

Use curly braces to embed Xquery expressions inside an element constructor

Path Expressions
Xquery uses path expressions from Xpath (a W3C standard) Let $b := doc("bib.xml") return <result>{$b/bib/book}</result> /book selects the child elements named book /book/author selects the author elements of the toplevel book elements

Path Expressions (cont.)


//book
returns all book elements that appear anywhere in the document

//book[author/last = Stevens]
all book elements with author = Hunter

//book[@year > 1999]


book elements with attribute year > 1999

//book[@pages]
all book elements that have a pages attribute

Advanced Path Expressions


//book/(author | editor) returns all author or editor elements from current node (//book | //collection)[publisher = $pub] books for collections where publisher equals $pub variable
let $d := doc("http://atlas.isi.edu/xquery/bib.xml") let $pub := "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers" return <result>{ ($d//book | $d//collection)[publisher = $pub] }</result>

(//book)[1]/title/text() returns the text nodes of the first book element

FLWOR Expressions
For/Let, Where, Order by, Result Expressions

<html>{ let $d := doc("bib.xml") for $b in $d/bib/book where $b[@year > 1998] order by $b/publisher return <book>{$b/title, $b/price, $b/publisher}</book> }</html>

Projection
let $d := doc(bib.xml") return <result>{$d/bib/book/author}</result>

Return the names of all authors of books =

<result> <author><last>Stevens</last><first>W.</first></author> <author><last>Stevens</last><first>W.</first></author> <author><last>Abiteboul</last><first>Serge</first></author> <author><last>Buneman</last><first>Peter</first></author> <author><last>Suciu</last><first>Dan</first></author> </result>

Project (cont.)
/bib/book/author = =
The same query can also be written as a for loop

for $bk in doc(bib.html)/bib/book return for $aut in $bk/author return $aut


<author><last>Stevens</last><first>W.</first></author> <author><last>Stevens</last><first>W.</first></author> <author><last>Abiteboul</last><first>Serge</first></author> <author><last>Buneman</last><first>Peter</first></author> <author><last>Suciu</last><first>Dan</first></author>

Selection
Return the titles of all books published before 1997 /bib/book[@year < "1997"]/title = <title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> <title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title>

Selection (cont.)
Return the titles of all books published before 1997 /bib/book[@year < "1997"]/title = for $bk in doc(bib.xml)/bib/book where $bk/@year < "1997" return $bk/title = <title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> <title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title>

Selection (cont.)
Return book with the title Data on the Web /bib/book[title = "Data on the Web"] =

<book year="2000"> <title>Data on the Web</title> <author><last>Abiteboul</last><first>Serge</first></author> <author><last>Buneman</last><first>Peter</first></author> <author><last>Suciu</last><first>Dan</first></author> <publisher>Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</publisher> <price> 39.95</price> </book>

Selection (cont.)
Return the price of the book Data on the Web /bib/book[title = "Data on the Web"]/price = <price> 39.95</price> How would you return the book with a price of $39.95?

Selection (cont.)
for $bk in doc(bib.xml)/bib/book where $bk/price = "39.95" return $bk = let $d:= doc("bib.xml") return $d/bib/book[price = "39.95"]
=

Return the book with a price of $39.95

<book year="2000"> <title>Data on the Web</title> <author><last>Abiteboul</last><first>Serge</first></author> <author><last>Buneman</last><first>Peter</first></author> <author><last>Suciu</last><first>Dan</first></author> <publisher>Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</publisher> <price> 39.95</price> </book>

Construction
Return year and title of all books published before 1997 for $bk in doc(bib.xml)/bib/book where $bk/@year < "1997" return <book>{ $bk/@year, $bk/title }</book> = <book year="1994"> <title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> </book> <book year="1992"> <title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title> </book>

Grouping
Return titles for each author

<result>{ let $d:= doc("bib.xml") for $l in distinct-values($d//author/last) return <author name="{$l}"> { $d/bib/book[author/last = $l]/title } </author> }</result>

Grouping Cont.
= <result>
<author name="Stevens"> <title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> <title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title> </author> <author name="Abiteboul"> <title>Data on the Web</title> </author>

</result>

Join
Return the books that cost more at amazon than fatbrain Let $amazon := doc(http://www.amazon.com/books.xml), Let $fatbrain := doc(http://www.fatbrain.com/books.xml) For $am in $amazon/books/book, $fat in $fatbrain/books/book Where $am/isbn = $fat/isbn and $am/price > $fat/price Return <book>{ $am/title, $am/price, $fat/price }<book>

Functions
Define function reverse ($items) { let $count := count($items) for $i in 0 to $count return $items[$count - $i] } Reverse(1 to 5) Note: (1 to 5) = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

Example Query 1
<bib> { for $b in doc("bib.xml")/bib/book where $b/publisher = "Addison-Wesley" and $b[@year > 1991] return <book year="{ $b/@year }"> {$b/title} </book> } </bib> What does this do?

Result Query 1
<bib> <book year="1994"> <title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> </book> <book year="1992"> <title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title> </book> </bib>

Example Query 2
<results> { for $b in doc("bib.xml")/bib/book, $t in $b/title, $a in $b/author/last return <result> { $t } { $a } </result> } </results>

Result Query 2
<results> <result><title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> <last>Stevens </last> </result> <result><title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title> <last>Stevens</last> </result> <result><title>Data on the Web</title> <last>Abiteboul</last> </result> <result> <title>Data on the Web</title> <last>Buneman</last> </result> <result><title>Data on the Web</title> <last>Suciu</last> </result> </results>

Example Query 3
<bib> { for $b in doc("bib.xml")//book where $b/publisher = "Addison-Wesley" and $b/@year > "1991" order by $b/title return <book> { $b/@year } { $b/title } </book> } </bib>

Example Result 3
<bib> <book year="1992"> <title>Advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title> </book> <book year="1994"> <title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title> </book> </bib>

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