Code No: RR310205 Set No. 1 III B.

Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007 ELECTROMECHANICS-III (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) By means of a neat diagram, describe the main parts of an alternator with their functions. (b) For a 3-phase winding with 4 slots/pole/phase and with the coil span of 10 slots pitch, calculate the values of the pitch factor and distribution factor. [8+8] 2. (a) Derive emf equation for an alternator from fundamentals. (b) A 50Hz alternator has a ux of 0.1 wb/pole, sinusoid ally distributed. Calculate the rms value of the emf generated in one turn of the winding, which spans 3 / 4 of a pole pitch. [8+8] 3. (a) What is voltage regulation? Discuss the synchronous impedance method of calculating voltage regulation. (b) A 500V, 50KVA, 1-phase alternator has an eective resistance of 0.2.A eld current of 10A produces an armature current of 200A on short circuit and an emf of 450V on open circuit. Calculate

i. Synchronous impedance and reactance ii. Full-load regulation with 0.8p.f. lagging. [8+8] 4. (a) Derive an expression for nding regulation of salient - pole alternator using two reaction theory . Draw its Phasor diagram. (b) A generator rated at 25 MVA, 0.8 pf lag, 13.8 kV, 3- phase is operating at normal terminal voltage and rated load . The direct axis synchronous reactance is 7.62, Quadrature axis synchronous reactance is 4.57 and the armature resistance is 0.15/ph. Determine the direct axis and quadrature axis components of armature current and internal induced voltage. Also nd the regulation. [8+8] 5. (a) Explain the necessity of parallel operation of alternators. (b) Two 50MVA, 3-phase alternators operate in parallel. The settings of the governors are such that the rise in speed from full-load to no-load in 2% in one machine and 3% in the other, the characteristics being straight lines in both cases. If each machine is fully loaded when the total load is 100MW,what will be the load on each machine when the total load reduced 60MW? [8+8] 6. (a) What happens when the excitation of the D.C machine is changed? Is the eect is same in a synchronous motor? 1 of 2Code No: RR310205 Set No. 1 (b) A 220V, 3-phase, star connected synchronous motor has a resistance of 0.22 per phase and a synchronous reactance of 2.4 per phase. The motor is operating at 0.6 power factor leading with a line current of 180A. Determine the value of generated emf [8+8] 7. (a) Explain the procedure for starting of synchronous motor. (b) A 500V, 3-phase mesh connected motor has an excitation emf of 600V. The

motor synchronous impedance is (0.4+j5) while the windage, friction and iron losses are 1200W. What maximum power output can it deliver? [8+8] 8. (a) Explain what is meant by the split-phase method of motor starting (b) Why are small fractional horse power ac series motors called universal motor? [8+8] 2 of 2Code No: RR310205 Set No. 2 III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007 ELECTROMECHANICS-III (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Describe the main constructional features of cylindrical rotor and salient pole alternators. (b) Derive the expressions for distribution and pitch factors. [8+8] 2. (a) Derive emf equation for an alternator from fundamentals. (b) A 50Hz alternator has a ux of 0.1 wb/pole, sinusoid ally distributed. Calculate the rms value of the emf generated in one turn of the winding, which spans 3 / 4 of a pole pitch. [8+8] 3. (a) Explain the potier - triangle method of determining the voltage regulation of

an alternator. (b) A 3-phase, star- connected alternator is rated at 1600KVA and 13,5000V .The armature eect resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are 1.5 and 30 respectively. Calculate the percentage regulation for a load of 1280KW at p.f of i. 0.8 lagging ii. unity and iii. 0.8 leading. [8+8] 4. (a) Explain the terms direct - axis synchronous reactance and quadrature - axis Synchronous reactance of a salient - pole alternator. On what factors do these values depend? (b) A 3 MVA , 6- Pole alternator runs at 1000 rpm in parallel with other machines on 3.3KV bus bars .The synchronous reactance is 20% . calculate the synchronizing power per one mechanical degree of displacement and the corresponding synchronizing torque when the alternator as supplying full load at 0.8 lag p.f. [8+8] 5. (a) Discuss load sharing between two alternators. (b) Two 750Kw alternators operate in parallel. The speed regulation of one set is 100% to 102% from full - load to no- load and that of the other is 100% to 104%. How will the two alternators share a load of 1000KW and at what load will one machine cease to supply any portion of the load ? [8+8] 6. (a) Describe briey the eect of varying excitation upon the armature current and power factor of a synchronous motor when input power to the motor is maintained constant. 1 of 2Code No: RR310205 Set No. 2 (b) A 400V, 50Hz, 37.3KW 3-phase star connected synchronous motor has a full

load eciency of 88%. The synchronous impedance of the motor is (0.2+j1.6) per phase. If the excitation of the motor is adjusted to give a leading power factor of 0.9 calculate for full load i. the induced emf ii. the total mechanical power developed. [8+8] 7. (a) What could be the reasons if a synchronous motor fails to start? (b) The synchronous reactance per phase of a 3-phase star connected 6600V synchronous motor is 10. For a certain load, the input is 900KW and the induced line emf is 8900V(line value). Evaluate the line current. Neglect resistance. [8+8] 8. (a) Explain what is meant by the split-phase method of motor starting (b) Why are small fractional horse power ac series motors called universal motor? [8+8] 2 of 2Code No: RR310205 Set No. 3 III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007 ELECTROMECHANICS-III (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) What is a fractional pitch winding (b) Calculate the distribution factor for a single phase alternator having 6 slots/pole, i. when all the slots are wound and ii. When only four adjacent slots/pole are wound and the remaining being

not wound. [8+8] 2. (a) What is armature reaction? How it is accounted as a reactance drop? (b) 4-pole, 3-phase, 50Hz,star-connected alternator has 60 slots, with 4 conductors per slot. Coils are short-pitched by 3 slots. If the phase spread is 60 o nd the line voltage induced for a ux per pole of 0.943Wb distributed sinusoidally in space. All the turns per phase are in series. [8+8] 3. (a) Explain why synchronous-impedance method of computing the voltage regulation leads to a pessimistic value at lagging power factor loads. (b) The open and short - circuit test readings for Field Amps: 10 20 25 30 40 50 O.C.Terminal V 800 1500 1760 2000 2350 2600 S.C.armature current in A: - 200 250 300 - The armature eective resistance is 0.2 per phase. Draw the characteristic curves and estimate the full-load percentage regulation at i. 0.8 p.f.lagging ii. 0.8 p.f. leading. [8+8] 4. (a) Explain the terms direct - axis synchronous reactance and quadrature - axis Synchronous reactance of a salient - pole alternator. On what factors do these values depend? (b) A 3 MVA , 6- Pole alternator runs at 1000 rpm in parallel with other machines on 3.3KV bus bars .The synchronous reactance is 20% . calculate the synchronizing power per one mechanical degree of displacement and the corresponding synchronizing torque when the alternator as supplying full load at 0.8 lag p.f. [8+8] 5. (a) Explain the necessity of parallel operation of alternators.

1 of 2Code No: RR310205 Set No. 3 (b) Two 50MVA, 3-phase alternators operate in parallel. The settings of the governors are such that the rise in speed from full-load to no-load in 2% in one machine and 3% in the other, the characteristics being straight lines in both cases. If each machine is fully loaded when the total load is 100MW,what will be the load on each machine when the total load reduced 60MW? [8+8] 6. (a) Explain about dierent torques of a synchronous motor? (b) A 400V, 3-phase synchronous motor takes 52.5A at a power factor of 0.8 leading. Calculate the power supplied and induced emf. The motor impedance per phase is (0.25+j3.2). *8+8+ 7. (a) What are the uses of damper windings in a synchronous motor? (b) Why it is necessary to increase the excitation to obtain minimum current with the application of load. [8+8] 8. (a) Explain the cross eld theory of a single phase induction motor. (b) A 230V, 6 pole, 50Hz, single phase induction motor has the following impedance at standstill. Auxiliary winding ra= 5 xa= 5 Main winding rm=1.5 xm= 4.0. The resistance of the rotor winding when referred to the main stator winding is 0.5. Assuming the number of turns of the main winding and Auxiliary winding are equal, estimate the resistance to be added to the auxiliary winding to obtain maximum starting torque and also estimate the value of the maximum starting torque. [8+8] 2 of 2Code No: RR310205 Set No. 4 III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007 ELECTROMECHANICS-III

(Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Describe the main constructional features of cylindrical rotor and salient pole alternators. (b) Derive the expressions for distribution and pitch factors. [8+8] 2. (a) What is armature reaction? Explain the eect of armature reaction on the terminal voltage of an alternator at i. Unity power factor load ii. Zero lagging pf load and iii. Zero leading pf load. Draw the relevant phasor diagram. (b) A 3-phase, 50HZ, 8-pole alternator has a star connected winding with 120 slots and 8 conductors per slot. The ux per pole is 0.05Wb,Sinusoidally distributed. Determine the phase and line voltages. [8+8] 3. (a) What is voltage regulation? Discuss the synchronous impedance method of calculating voltage regulation. (b) A 500V, 50KVA, 1-phase alternator has an eective resistance of 0.2.A eld current of 10A produces an armature current of 200A on short circuit and an emf of 450V on open circuit. Calculate i. Synchronous impedance and reactance ii. Full-load regulation with 0.8p.f. lagging. [8+8] 4. (a) Explain the two reaction theory applicable to salient pole synchronous Machine. (b) A 4500 KVA,50 Hz,3-phase,synchronous generator having a synchronous reactance of 0.3 p.u. is running at 1500 r.p.m and is excited to give 11000 V.If the

rotor deviates slightly from its equilibrium position, what is the synchronizing torque in N-m per degree mechanical displacement. [8+8] 5. (a) State and explain the dierent conditions for operating alternators in parallel. (b) Two three - phase alternators operate in parallel. The rating of one machine is 200 MW and that of the other is 400 MW.The droop characteristics of their governors are 4% and 5% respectively from no - load to full load of 600 MW be shared between them? What will be the system frequency at this load ? Repeat the problem if both governors have a drop of 4%. [8+8] 6. (a) Explain about dierent torques of a synchronous motor? 1 of 2Code No: RR310205 Set No. 4 (b) A 400V, 3-phase synchronous motor takes 52.5A at a power factor of 0.8 leading. Calculate the power supplied and induced emf. The motor impedance per phase is (0.25+j3.2). *8+8+ 7. (a) What is the eect on synchronous motor when the excitation is varied. (b) A 3000KVA, 15KV, 1500 rpm, 50HZ alternator runs in parallel with other machines. Its synchronous reactance is 30%. Find the synchronizing power per unit mechanical angle of the phase displacement for i. No load and ii. Full load at 0.7pf (lag) Also calculate the synchronizing torque if the mechanical displacement is 0.6 0 . [8+8] 8. (a) Explain the operating characteristics of AC series motor. (b) A 220V, 500W, 50Hz series motor has a total resistance of 2 ohm and total

reactance of 20 ohm. The full load stray losses and speed are 40W and 500rpm. Determine the current taken by the motor and power factor at rated load.[8+8] 2 of 2