Math Problem Solving With Kolu

Adding and Subtracting

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Prepared by Frank Jumawan, Serena Muranaka & Ellie Robins

Contents
Welcome ........................................................... 3 Chapter 1: Identify Adding ............................. 4 Chapter 2: Identify Subtracting ...................... 9 Chapter 3: Use a Drawing to Add .................. 15 Chapter 4: Use a Drawing to Subtract .......... 22 Chapter 5: Solve a Problem by Drawing ...... 32 Certificate of Completion ............................... 41

Welcome
Hello class and welcome to Math Problem Solving With Kolu. Today, you will learn how to solve addition and subtraction word problem by creating and using a drawing. You will be given a step-by-step lesson on how to identify addition and subtraction keywords, how to create a drawing and how to use the drawing to solve the world problem. If you read carefully and follow the instructions you will be rewarded with the skills and knowledge on how to solve math word problems using drawing.

As you read and answer the questions I want you to ask questions if something is hard or if you dont understand it.

Before you begin, are there any questions? Remember, take the time to read carefully! You may now open your workbooks and begin.

My name is Kolu and I will guide you through this workbook!

Chapter 1: Identify Adding

Lets begin!

When you are shown a + sign in between two numbers that means that you have to count up the numbers. To count up, you start with the first number and count up the second number. What works:
If the problem is 14 + 6, you start at 4 and then count 6 more up, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.

What doesnt work:

Do a ballpark estimates by finding what the numbers are close to This is only used when you want to check if your answer is correct. -14 is close to 10 as an estimate, and 6 is close to 10 Take away 6 from 14 -start with 14 and count back 6, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8. Put 14 into 6 groups left -make 6 groups and divide the 14 pieces in each group

Review:
What do I need to do to solve this problem? 49 + 19 A. B. C. D. Count up 19 numbers up from 49. Do a ballpark estimate. Take away 19 from 49. Put 49 into 19 groups.

In a math word problem sometimes there are keywords that will give you a hint of what to do to solve the problem. What works:
An example of an addition keyword phrase that defines an addition problem How many _____in all?

What doesnt work:

A non-example of an addition keyword phrase that does not define an addition problem is Johnny has 10 comic books. His brother went to the comic fair.

Review:
Identify and circle the keywords for this word problem to solve this problem. Johnny has 10 comic books. His brother went to the comic fair and brought Johnny 10 more comic books. How many comic books in all does Johnny have?

When you see the keywords How many in all? in a word problem that means to add. What works:
The keyword How many in all? represents what operation? Addition

What doesnt work:

The keyword How many in all? represents what operation? Division, multiplication or subtraction

Review:
The keyword How many in all? represents what operation? A. B. C. D. Addition Division Multiplication Subtraction

To solve an addition or subtraction word problem, there are keywords in the question that help you find how to solve it. For addition, the keywords in the question are How many ______in all? What works:
Addition keywords How many _____in all?

Jessie has 12 puppies. Fay has 9 puppies. How many puppies are in all?

What doesnt work:

Addition keywords How many ________ in all? Jessie has 12 puppies. Fay has 9 puppies.

Review:
Chad is taking summer school. Chad buys 22 books at the bookstore for his class. Then his teacher tells him he needs 6 more books. So he goes back and buys 6 more books. How many books does he have in all? Which sentence identifies an addition problem? A. B. C. D. How many books in all? He goes back. The teacher tells him he needs more. He is taking summer school.

Chapter 2: Identify Subtracting

Now were going to do the same thing with subtraction!

When you see a - between two numbers, that means that you need to take away the second number from the first number. For example, if it says 15 5, that means start with 15 and then take away 5 from that 15.

What works:
An example of identifying subtraction operation is take away. take away 5 from 22

What doesnt work:

count 5 numbers up from 22 put 22 into 5 groups do a ballpark estimate

Review:
What do I need to do to solve this problem? 22-5 A. B. C. D. Count 5 numbers up from 22. Put 22 into 5 groups. Do a ballpark estimate. Take away 5 from 22.

One type of keyword phrase for a subtraction word problem is How many ______left? How many more_______? also tells you to subtract to solve the word problem.
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What works: Robin has 18 cookies. She ate 9 cookies. How many does she have left?
An example of a subtraction key phrase is How many does Robin have left? The example of How many more______? is used when comparing two people. A question that shows this is How many more cookies does Robin have than John?

What doesnt work:

A non-example of a subtraction key phrase is Robin had 40 dollars before going to the fair. She spent 25 dollars on rides.

Review:
Circle the keywords needed to solve this problem 1. Robin had 40 dollars before going to the fair. She spent 25 dollars on rides. How much does Robin have left? 2. Robin has 40 dollars. Jacob has 15 dollars. How much more dollars does Robin have than Jacob?

When you see How many more ______? in a word problem thats a keyword to tell you that you need to subtract to solve the problem. What works:
An example of a subtraction problem is How many more_____?

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What doesnt work:

A non-example of a subtraction problem is How many in all?-Addition A non-example of a subtraction problem is How many in each groups?--Multiplication A non-example of a subtraction problem is How many groups?-Subtraction

Review:
The keyword How many more? represents what operation? A. B. C. D. Addition Division Multiplication Subtraction

When you see How many _______ left? in a question of a word problem that means that you should subtract to solve. What works:
An example of a subtraction problem is How many _______ left?

What doesnt work:

A non-example of a subtraction problem is How many in all?-Addition A non-example of a subtraction problem is How many in each groups?--Division A non-example of a subtraction problem is How many groups?--Multiplication

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Review:
The keyword How many ______left? represents what operation? A. B. C. D. Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

To solve an addition or subtraction word problem, there are keywords in the question that help you find how to solve it. For subtraction, there are two keyword phrases. One is How many_____ left? and the other is How many more? What works:
Subtraction keywords How many ___left?

Phil has many fish at home. Yesterday Phil bought 10 guppies. His tank wasnt big enough so he gave 4 to his neighbor. How many does he have left?
Subtraction keywords How many more?

Jeff has 15 surfboards. Eric has 8 surfboards. How many more surfboards does Jeff have than Eric?

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What doesnt work:

Subtraction keywords How many ___ left? Phil bought 10 guppies. His tank wasnt big enough. Phil has fish at home. Subtraction keywords How many more? Jeff has 15 surfboards. Eric has 8 surfboards.

Review:
Kathy has many dolls at home. Yesterday Kathy bought 12 dolls. Her doll house wasnt big enough so she gave 4 to her neighbor. How many does she have left? Which sentence identifies a subtraction problem? A. B. C. D. Kathy has many dolls. Her doll house wasnt big enough. How many does she have left? Kathy bought 12 dolls.

Jamie has goes running with her friend Mike. Jamie runs for 60 minutes everyday. Mike runs for 45 minutes everyday. How many more minutes does Jamie run than Mike? Which sentence identifies a subtraction problem? A. B. C. D. How many more minutes? Jamie runs with Mike. Mike runs for 45 minutes. Jamie runs for 60 minutes.

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Chapter 3: Use a Drawing to Add

Good job! Now were going to draw!

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When you are given a number sentence for addition you need to find the picture that matches the numbers and the operation.

For addition the operation is +. For example if the problem is 4 + 2 that means four objects + 2 more objects What works:
adding

+
This shows the number sentence 4 + 2 because the first number four is drawn with four boxes. Then the operation is adding so a + sign is next to the four pictures. Adding means to draw more, so the number sentence says +2 so you need to draw 2 more boxes.

What doesnt work:

This is not an example of an addition picture because it doesnt have a + sign in it. Also there is crossing out on the picture, which shows subtraction.

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This is not an example of an addition picture because it doesnt have a + sign in the drawing. Also the picture seems to be divided into groups, which shows multiplication or division.

This is not an example of an addition picture because it doesnt have a + sign in the drawing. Also the picture seems to be divided into groups, which shows multiplication or division.

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Review:
Circle the correct drawing. Which of the following drawing represents 4 +3?

When drawing for an addition number sentence you start by looking at the first number. This number shows what to start your picture with. Next, look at the operation. If it is adding, then that means you have to draw more pictures to the first picture.

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What works: 9+6

Step 1: -Look at the first number in the number sentence for example 9 + 6, 9 is the first number -Draw out 9 circles

Step 2: -Look at the operation + means to draw more, -means to cross out or match. -9 + 6 shows + so we need to add more -write a + sign next to the 9 circles

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Step 3: -Look at the second number in the number sentence 9 + 6, 6 is the second number

-Draw 6 more circles next to the + sign

+
What doesnt work: 9+6

This is not a drawing of 9 + 6. The first number of the number sentence 9 was drawn. The person didnt pay attention to the operation. Instead of putting a + sign in the picture they crossed out circles which shows 9 6.

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+
This is not a drawing of 9 + 6. The first number of the number sentence 9 was drawn. The second step was also done correctly because a + was drawn. The last step of looking at the second number was not correct. The person should have drawn 6 more and not only 4 more.

Review:
Draw a picture to solve the number sentence 8 + 9

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Chapter 4: Use a Drawing to Subtract

Almost there! Great work!

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When you are given a number sentence for subtraction, you need to find the picture that matches the numbers and the operation. What works:
For subtraction, the operation sign is - and that means to cross out. For a subtraction problem like 6 2 that means six objects 2 objects. The first step is to start with six objects. The - sign means to take away from the six objects. Then the last number tells how many to take away. Taking away is shown by crossing out pictures. Six objects should be drawn with two crossed out.

What doesnt work:

+
This is not an example of a subtraction drawing because there isnt any crossing out on the picture. Also there is a + sign which shows addition.

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This is not an example of a subtraction drawing because there isnt crossing out on the picture and the picture is in groups. This picture shows multiplication.

This is not an example of a subtraction drawing because there isnt crossing out on the picture and the picture is also in groups. This picture shows division.

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Review:
Circle the correct picture Which of the following drawings represent 6 3

There are two ways to draw a picture for a subtraction number sentence. One way is to cross out pictures. Crossing out is done when there is only one person involved in the word problem. The keywords for drawing a subtraction picture with crossing out is, How many ______ left?

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What works: 94
Step 1 -Look at the first number in the number sentence. For example 9 4, 9 is the first number -Draw 9 circles

Step 2 -Look at the operation -+ means to draw more, - means to cross out

Step 3 -Look at the second number in 9 4, 4 is the second number -Cross out 4 circles of the 9 drawn

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What doesnt work: 94

This doesnt show 9 4. This person did the first step correctly and drew 9 circles. They also did the operation correctly and crossed out circles to show subtraction. It is wrong because they crossed out only 2 circles instead of 4.

This doesnt show 9 4. This person did the first step correctly and drew 9 circles but the operation is wrong. They shouldnt have put a + sign and they shouldve crossed out 4 circles instead.

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Review:
Draw a picture to solve the number sentence 16-8

Another way to draw a picture to solve a subtraction number sentence is to match the pictures. These pictures are usually drawn when 2 people are being compared in a word problem. The keywords in a word problem to draw matching is How many more?

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What works: Paul has 12 hats. Bobby has 6 hats. 12 6

Step 1 -Find the two people that are in the story. In the example its Paul and Bobby -Write their names on top of each other

Paul Bobby

Step 2 -draw a picture that matches the sentences -Next to Pauls name draw 12 circles and next to Bobbys name draw 6 circles Make sure that the circles of Bobby is right under Pauls circles.

Paul Bobby

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Step 3 -Draw a line to match all the circles that match from Paul and Bobby -All the circles that dont have a pair is the answer to the problem.

Paul Bobby

What doesnt work:

Paul Bobby

+
This doesnt show matching for the problem. This example shows addition because there is a + sign.

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Paul Bobby

This shows matching but it doesnt match the problem for Paul and Bobby. Paul is correct because there are 12 circles but Bobby has 8 circles when the problem says 6.

Review:
Draw a picture to solve. Alison has 18 pens. Lori has 11 pens. 18 11

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Chapter 5: Solve a Problem by Drawing

Now were going to put everything together!

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The first step to solving a word problem is to find out whether or not you are going to add or subtract to solve it. After you know that, it is best to do a drawing. For an addition drawing, you want to add more pictures to the first number. For example if you are adding 6 + 7 that would mean drawing 6 objects and then drawing 7 more objects. For a subtraction drawing there are two types of drawing so your drawing would depend on the keywords in the word problem. If the word problem says How many left? you would draw the first number and then cross out the number of objects that the second number says. For example, 13 6. That means to draw 13 and then cross out 6. If the word problem says How many more? that means you have to match and compare two people. What works:
Subtraction keywords How many left?

Sally had 7 pieces of chocolate. She gave 2 away. How many left?

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Subtraction keywords How many more?

Sally has 7 pieces of chocolate. Billy has 2 pieces of chocolate. How many more does Sally have than Billy?
-You need to draw out the picture for both Sally and Billy and match the pairs

Sally Billy
Addition keywords How many in all?

Sally has 7 pieces of chocolate. She got 2 more from her friend. How many pieces of chocolate does she have in all?
-You need to draw 7 pictures and then draw two more

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What doesnt work:

1. Subtraction keywords How many left?

Sally had 7 pieces of chocolate. She gave 2 away. How many left?
-You shouldnt put it into groups, add more, match, or count how many in each group. 2. Subtraction keywords How many more?

Sally has 7 pieces of chocolate. Billy has 2 pieces of chocolate. How many more does Sally have than Billy?
-You shouldnt cross out pictures, put it into groups, add more, or count how many in each group. 3. Addition keywords How many in all?

Sally has 7 pieces of chocolate. She got 2 more from her friend. How many pieces of chocolate does she have in all?
-You shouldnt match, cross out, make groups, or count the number in each group.

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Review:
1. Sam has 12 cookies. He gave 10 to his friend Joe. How many cookies does Sam have left? To solve this word problem I will draw A. B. C. D. 12 cookies in 10 groups. 12 cookies and then cross out 10. 12 cookies and group them by 2. 12 cookies and then 10 more.

2. Mary has 17 CDs. Kathryn has 8 CDs. How many more CDs does Mary have than Kathryn? To solve this word problem I will draw A. 17 CDs and cross out 8. B. 17 CDs in 8 groups. C. 17 CDs and 8 CDs and match them. D. 17 CDs in 8 groups and count how many in the group. 3. John has 8 video games. His mom buys him 4 more for his birthday. How many video games does he have in all? To solve this word problem I will draw A. B. 8 video games and then drawing 4 more. 8 video games into 4 groups.

C. 8 video games in 4 groups and count how many in each group. D. 8 video games and then cross out 4.

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To solve a word problem, you need to figure out the amounts, what operation to use, what the keywords are, and what kind of picture to draw. What works:
How many in all?

Bill had 3 coconuts. His friend gave him 2 more. How many does he have in all?

+
How many ____left?

Bill had 5 coconuts. He ate 3 of them. How many does he have left?

How many more_____?

Bill has 5 coconuts. John has 3 coconuts. How many more does Bill have than John?

Bill John

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What doesnt work:

How many in all?

Bill has 3 coconuts. His friend gave him 2 more. How many does he have in all?

Bill friend
This doesnt match the word problem because the keywords How many in all means to add. Matching means to subtract.

This doesnt match the word problem because the first number drawn is 5 and in the problem Bill has 3 coconuts. The keywords also tell us to add and crossing out means to subtract.

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How many left?

Bill had 5 coconuts. He ate 3 of them. How many does he have left?

+
This doesnt match the word problem because the keywords are How many left and that means to subtract. This picture shows addition.

This doesnt match the word problem because the wrong number is crossed out. Bill ate three so 3 should be crossed out.

3. How many more?

Bill has 5 coconuts. John has 3 coconuts. How many more does Bill have than John?

This doesnt match the word problem because the keywords are How many more, which means that there should be matching. Also the numbers are wrong. It should be 5 and 3.

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+
This doesnt match the word problem beaus the keywords say to match. This shows adding.

Review:
1. Samantha had 18 balloons. She gave 12 of her balloons to her friend Alex. How many balloons does she have left?

2. Erin read 12 books this summer. Tasha read 5 books this summer. How many more books did Erin read than Tasha?

3. George has 18 DVDs. He got 6 more from his mom for his birthday. How many does he have in all?

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Certificate of Completion
Congratulation! You have completed this workbook!

This is to verify that

Math Problem Solving with Kolu: Addition and Subtraction on , 2010.

completed