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Yet Another Compiler Compiler

YACC is a parser generator that takes a grammar description as input and generates a parser for that grammar. It is used to build scanners and parsers for programming languages. The document describes YACC, provides examples of grammars for simple expression evaluators, and shows the code for the lexer and parser generated by YACC.

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82 views25 pages

Yet Another Compiler Compiler

YACC is a parser generator that takes a grammar description as input and generates a parser for that grammar. It is used to build scanners and parsers for programming languages. The document describes YACC, provides examples of grammars for simple expression evaluators, and shows the code for the lexer and parser generated by YACC.

Uploaded by

hijack007
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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YACC

Yet Another Compiler Compiler

Yacc is a parser generator Input: A Grammar

Output: A parser for the grammar

Reminder: a parser finds derivations

Example grammar:

expr -> ( expr ) | expr '+' expr | expr '-' expr | expr '*' expr | expr '/' expr | - expr | INT ;

The yacc code:

expr : '(' expr ')' | expr '+' expr | expr '-' expr | expr '*' expr | expr '/' expr | - expr | INT ;

Exampe Input: 10 * 3 + 4

Yacc Derivation:
expr => expr + expr => expr * expr + expr => 10*3 + 4

Resolving Ambiguities
%left '+', '-' %left '*', '/' %left UMINUS %% expr : '(' expr ')' | expr '+' expr | expr '-' expr | expr '*' expr | expr '/' expr | '-' expr %prec UMINUS | INT ;

Actions
%left '+', '-' %left '*', '/' %left UMINUS %% expr : '(' expr ')' {$$ = $2;} | expr '+' expr {$$ = $1 + $3;} | expr '-' expr {$$ = $1 - $3;} | expr '*' expr {$$ = $1 * $3;} | expr '/' expr {$$ = $1 / $3;} | '-' expr %prec UMINUS {$$ = -$2;} | INT {$$ = $1;} ;

A Complete Yacc program (EXPR1.y)


%union{ int int_val; } %left '+', '-' %left '*', '/' %left UMINUS %token <int_val> INT %type <int_val> expr %start program %%

program : expr {printf("Expr value = %d \n", $1);} | error {printf("YACC: syntax error near line %d \n", linenum); abort();} ;

expr : '(' expr ')' {$$ = $2;} | expr '+' expr {$$ = $1 + $3;} | expr '-' expr {$$ = $1 - $3;} | expr '*' expr {$$ = $1 * $3;} | expr '/' expr {$$ = $1 / $3;} | '-' expr %prec UMINUS {$$ = -$2;} | INT {$$ = $1;} ;
%% #include "lex.yy.c"

Execution Example

Input: Output:

10 + 20*(3 - 4 + 25)

Expr value = 490

%{ int linenum=1; int temp_int; %} %%


\n {linenum++;}

The Lex Code (expr1.l)

[\t ] /* skip spaces */; \/\/[^\n]* /* ignore comments */;


"+" {return '+';} "-" {return '-';} "*" {return '*';} "/" {return '/';} ")" {return ')';} "(" {return '(';}

[0-9]+ {sscanf(yytext, "%d", &temp_int); yylval.int_val = temp_int; return INT;} . {printf("LEX: unknown input string found in line %d \n", linenum); abort();}

Compiling:
yacc YaccFile lex LexFile cc y.tab.c -ly -ll -o myparser

Executable: myparser

Another Yacc Program (EXPR2.y)


%union{ int int_val; } %left '+', '-' %left '*', '/' %left UMINUS %token <int_val> INT %type <int_val> expr %start program %%

program : stmt_list | error {printf("YACC: syntax error near line %d \n", linenum); abort();} ; stmt_list : stmt_list stmt | stmt ; stmt : expr ';' ; {printf("Expr value = %d \n", $1);}

expr : '(' expr ')' {$$ = $2;} | expr '+' expr {$$ = $1 + $3;} | expr '-' expr {$$ = $1 - $3;} | expr '*' expr {$$ = $1 * $3;} | expr '/' expr {$$ = $1 / $3;} | '-' expr %prec UMINUS {$$ = -$2;} | INT {$$ = $1;} ; %%

#include "lex.yy.c"

Execution Example Input:


10 + 20*(30 -67) / 4; 34 * 35 - 123 + -001; 17*8/6;

Output:

Expr value = -175 Expr value = 1066 Expr value = 22

Lex Code (expr2.l)


%{ int linenum=1; int temp_int; %} %% \n {linenum++;}

[\t ] /* skip spaces */; \/\/[^\n]* /* ignore comments */;

"+" "-" "*" "/" ")" "(" ";"

{return '+';} {return '-';} {return '*';} {return '/';} {return ')';} {return '(';} {return ';';}

[0-9]+ {sscanf(yytext, "%d", &temp_int); yylval.int_val = temp_int; return INT;} . {printf("LEX: unknown input string found in line %d \n", linenum); abort();}

%union{ int int_val; char *str_val; }

Another Yacc Program (EXPR3.y)

%left '+', '-' %left '*', '/' %left UMINUS %token PRINT %token NEWLINE %token <str_val> STRING %token <int_val> INT %type <int_val> expr %start program %%

program : stmt_list | error {printf("YACC: syntax error near line %d \n", linenum); abort();} ;
stmt_list : stmt_list stmt | stmt ; stmt : expr ';' | PRINT expr ';' | PRINT STRING ';' | PRINT NEWLINE ';' ; {printf("expression found\n");} {printf("%d", $2);} {printf("%s", $2);} {printf("\n");}

expr : '(' expr ')' {$$ = $2;} | expr '+' expr {$$ = $1 + $3;} | expr '-' expr {$$ = $1 - $3;} | expr '*' expr {$$ = $1 * $3;} | expr '/' expr {$$ = $1 / $3;} | '-' expr %prec UMINUS {$$ = -$2;} | INT {$$ = $1;} ; %% #include "lex.yy.c"

Execution Example Input:


print "The value of expression 123 * 25 is "; print 123 * 25; print newline; 10 + 5 * 8; print "end of program"; print newline;

Output:

The value of expression 123 * 25 is 3075 expression found end of program

Lex Code (expr3.l)


%{ int linenum=1; int temp_int; char temp_str[200]; %} %% \n {linenum++;}

[\t ] /* skip spaces */; \/\/[^\n]* /* ignore comments */;

"+" {return '+';} "-" {return '-';} "*" {return '*';} "/" {return '/';} ")" {return ')';} "(" {return '(';} ";" {return ';';} "print" {return PRINT;} "newline" {return NEWLINE;}

[0-9]+ {sscanf(yytext, "%d", &temp_int); yylval.int_val = temp_int; return INT;} \"[^"\n]*\" {strncpy(temp_str, &(yytext[1]), strlen(yytext)-2); temp_str[strlen(yytext)-2] = (char) 0; yylval.str_val = temp_str; return STRING;} . {printf("LEX: unknown input string found in line %d \n", linenum); abort();}

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