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Weighted Averages

Weighted averages are used to calculate the average of data values when each value has a different number of data points associated with it. To calculate a weighted average, each data value is multiplied by its weight, which represents the number of data points for that value. These weighted values are then summed and divided by the total number of data points. An example is provided of calculating the weighted average test score for a class where different numbers of students scored different average scores. Permutations refer to arrangements where order matters, while combinations refer to selections where order does not matter. The addition and multiplication rules of counting are also summarized.

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108 views5 pages

Weighted Averages

Weighted averages are used to calculate the average of data values when each value has a different number of data points associated with it. To calculate a weighted average, each data value is multiplied by its weight, which represents the number of data points for that value. These weighted values are then summed and divided by the total number of data points. An example is provided of calculating the weighted average test score for a class where different numbers of students scored different average scores. Permutations refer to arrangements where order matters, while combinations refer to selections where order does not matter. The addition and multiplication rules of counting are also summarized.

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Weighted Averages

Weighted Averages Definition: This is a term that is used, mis-used and often over used. Typically, many individuals refer to average when they really mean the arithmetic average (mean). Average can mean the mean, the median and the mode, it can refer to a geometric mean and weighted averages. Although most people use the term average for this type of calcuation: Four tests results: 15, 18, 22, 20 The sum is: 75 Divide 75 by 4: 18.75 The 'Mean' (Average) is 18.75 (Often rounded to 19) The truth of the matter is that the above calculation is considered the arithmetic mean, or often referred to as the mean average. Another type of average problem involves the weighted average - which is the average of two or more terms that do not all have the same number of members. To find the weighted term, multiply each term by its weighting factor, which is the number of times each term occurs. Know More About linear graphs

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Example: A class of 25 students took a science test. 10 students had an average (arithmetic mean) score of 80. The other students had an average score of 60. What is the average score of the whole class? Solution: Step 1: To get the sum of weighted terms, multiply each average by the number of students that had that average and then sum them up. 80 10 + 60 15 = 800 + 900 = 1700 Step 2: Total number of terms = Total number of students = 25 Example 1 :A candidate obtained the following percentages of marks. English 70, Math 90, Stat 75, Chemistry 88 and Physics 79. Find the weighted average. Given the weights are 1, 2, 2, 3, 3. Solution :We take the percentage of marks as x values and weights as w. Then we multiply x with the corresponding w. This total is divided by the sum of the weights. This will give the Weighted Average.

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Combination and Permutation


Combination and Permutation Permutation : Permutation means arrangement of things. The word arrangement is used, if the order of things is considered. Combination: Combination means selection of things. The word selection is used, when the order of things has no importance. Example: Suppose we have to form a number of consisting of three digits using the digits 1,2,3,4, To form this number the digits have to be arranged. Different numbers will get formed depending upon the order in which we arrange the digits. This is an example of Permutation. Now suppose that we have to make a team of 11 players out of 20 players, This is an example of combination, because the order of players in the team will not result in a change in the team. No matter in which order we list out the players the team will remain the same! For a different team to be formed at least one player will have to be changed. Now let us look at two fundamental principles of counting: Addition rule : If an experiment can be performed in n ways, & another experiment can be performed in m ways then either of the two experiments can be performed in (m+n) ways. This rule can be extended to any finite number of experiments. Math.Tutorvista.com Page No. :- 3/5

Example : Suppose there are 3 doors in a room, 2 on one side and 1 on other side. A man want to go out from the room. Obviously he has 3 options for it. He can come out by door A or door B or door C. Multiplication Rule : If a work can be done in m ways, another work can be done in n ways, then both of the operations can be performed in m x n ways. It can be extended to any finite number of operations. Example.: Suppose a man wants to cross-out a room, which has 2 doors on one side and 1 door on other site. He has 2 x 1 = 2 ways for it. Factorial n : The product of first n natural numbers is denoted by n!. n! = n(n-1) (n-2) ..3.2.1. Ex. Note 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 =120 0! = 1

Proof n! =n, (n-1)! Or (n-1)! = [n x (n-1)!]/n = n! /n

Putting n = 1, we have O! = 1!/1 or 0 = 1.

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ThankYou

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