Possible C3 questions from past papers P1P3
Source of the original question is given in brackets, e.g. [P2 January 2001 Question 1]; a question which has been edited is indicated with an asterisk, e.g. [P3 January 2003 Question 8*].
1.
The function f, defined for x , x > 0, is such that f (x) = x2 2 +
(a) Find the value of f (x) at x = 4. (b) Given that f(3) = 0, find f(x). (c) Prove that f is an increasing function. 1 . x2
(3) (4) (3)
[P1 June 2001 Question 5]
2.
The curve C has equation y = 2e x + 3 x 2 + 2. The point A with coordinates (0, 4) lies on C. Find the equation of the tangent to C at A. (5)
[P2 June 2001 Question 1]
3.
The root of the equation f(x) = 0, where
f ( x ) = x + ln 2 x 4 is to be estimated using the iterative formula x n +1 = 4 ln 2 x n , with x0 = 2.4. (a) Showing your values of x1, x2, x3,, obtain the value, to 3 decimal places, of the root.
(4)
(b) By considering the change of sign of f(x) in a suitable interval, justify the accuracy of your answer to part (a). (2)
[P2 June 2001 Question 2]
4.
(i) Prove, by counter-example, that the statement sec( A + B ) sec A + sec B, for all A and B is false. (ii) Prove that tan + cot 2 cosec 2 , n , n . 2
(2)
(5)
[P2 June 2001 Question 4]
5.
The function f is given by
f:xa
1 . ( x 1)( x + 1)
x 1 , x > 1. x 1 x +1
2
(a) Show that f(x) =
(3)
(b) Find the range of f. The function g is given by g: xa (c) Solve gf(x) = 70. 2 , x > 0. x
(2)
(4)
[P2 June 2001 Question 7]
6.
(a) Express 2 cos + 5 sin in the form R cos ( ), where R > 0 and 0 < < Give the values of R and to 3 significant figures.
(3)
(b) Find the maximum and minimum values of 2 cos + 5 sin and the smallest possible (2) value of for which the maximum occurs. The temperature T C, of an unheated building is modelled using the equation t t T = 15 + 2 cos + 5 sin , 0 t < 24, 12 12 where t hours is the number of hours after 1200. (c) Calculate the maximum temperature predicted by this model and the value of t when this (4) maximum occurs. (d) Calculate, to the nearest half hour, the times when the temperature is predicted to be 12 C. (6)
[P2 June 2001 Question 9]
7.
The function f is defined by f : x 2x a, x , where a is a positive constant. (a) Sketch the graph of y = f(x), showing the coordinates of the points where the graph cuts the axes. (2) (b) On a separate diagram, sketch the graph of y = f(2x), showing the coordinates of the points where the graph cuts the axes. (2) (c) Given that a solution of the equation f(x) =
1 2
x is x = 4, find the two possible values of a. (4)
[P2 January 2002 Question 3]
8.
(a) Prove that
1 cos 2 n tan , , n . sin 2 2
(3)
(b) Solve, giving exact answers in terms of , 2(1 cos 2 ) = tan , 0< <.
(6)
[P2 January 2002 Question 6]
9.
y
Figure 2
Figure 2 shows part of the curve C with equation y = f(x), where f(x) = 0.5ex x2. The curve C cuts the y-axis at A and there is a minimum at the point B. (a) Find an equation of the tangent to C at A.
(4)
The x-coordinate of B is approximately 2.15. A more exact estimate is to be made of this coordinate using iterations xn + 1 = ln g(xn). (b) Show that a possible form for g(x) is g(x) = 4x.
(3)
(c) Using xn + 1 = ln 4xn , with x0 = 2.15, calculate x1 , x2 and x3. Give the value of x3 to 4 decimal places. (2)
[P2 January 2002 Question 7]
10.
f(x) =
2 6 , x > 1. x 1 ( x 1)(2 x + 1)
(a) Prove that f(x) =
4 . 2x + 1
(4) (2) (3) (1)
[P2 January 2002 Question 8]
(b) Find the range of f. (c) Find f 1(x). (d) Find the range of f 1(x).
11.
Use the derivatives of sin x and cos x to prove that the derivative of tan x is sec2 x.
(4)
[P3 January 2002 Question 2]
12.
Express
3 x4 + 2 as a single fraction in its simplest form. x + 2x x 4
2
(7)
[P2 June 2002 Question 2]
13.
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f(x), where f(x) = 10 + ln (3x) Given that f(k) = 0, (a) show, by calculation, that 3.1 < k < 3.2. (b) Find f (x). The tangent to the graph at x = 1 intersects the y-axis at the point P. (c) (i) Find an equation of this tangent. (ii) Find the exact y-coordinate of P, giving your answer in the form a + ln b.
1 2
ex , 0.1 x 3.3.
(2) (3)
(5)
[P2 June 2002 Question 6]
14.
f(x) = x2 2x 3, x , x 1. (a) Find the range of f. (b) Write down the domain and range of f1.
(1) (2)
(c) Sketch the graph of f1, indicating clearly the coordinates of any point at which the graph (4) intersects the coordinate axes. Given that g(x) = |x 4|, x , (d) find an expression for gf(x). (e) Solve gf(x)= 8.
(2) (5)
[P2 June 2002 Question 8]
15.
Express
y+3 y +1 as a single fraction in its simplest form. ( y + 1)( y + 2) ( y + 2)( y + 3)
(5)
[P2 November 2002 Question 1]
16.
(a) Express 1.5 sin 2x + 2 cos 2x in the form R sin (2x + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < giving your values of R and to 3 decimal places where appropriate.
1 2
,
(4)
(b) Express 3 sin x cos x + 4 cos2 x in the form a cos 2x + b sin 2x + c, where a, b and c are constants to be found. (2) (c) Hence, using your 3 sin x cos x + 4 cos2 x. answer to part (a), deduce the maximum value of (2)
[P2 November 2002 Question 3]
17.
The curve C with equation y = p + qex, where p and q are constants, passes through the point (0, 2). At the point P(ln 2, p + 2q) on C, the gradient is 5. (a) Find the value of p and the value of q. The normal to C at P crosses the x-axis at L and the y-axis at M. (b) Show that the area of OLM, where O is the origin, is approximately 53.8.
(5)
(5)
[P2 November 2002 Question 5]
18.
Figure 1
y
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = ex 1. (a) Copy Fig. 1 and on the same axes sketch the graph of y = of the points where the graph meets the axes. The x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the graph is . (b) Show that x = is a root of the equation x + 2ex 3 = 0. (c) Show that 1 < < 0. The iterative formula xn + 1 = ln[ 1 (3 xn)] is used to solve the equation x + 2ex 3 = 0. 2 (d) Starting with x0 = 1, find the values of x1 and x2. (e) Show that, to 2 decimal places, = 0.58.
1 2
x 1. Show the coordinates (2)
(3) (2)
(2) (2)
[P2 November 2002 Question 6]
19.
The function f is defined by f: x
3x 1 , x , x 3. x3
(3) (2)
(a) Prove that f 1(x) = f(x) for all x , x 3. (b) Hence find, in terms of k, ff(k), where x 3.
Figure 3
y 6
1 O
5 Figure 3 shows a sketch of the one-one function g, defined over the domain 2 x 2. (c) Find the value of fg(2). (d) Sketch the graph of the inverse function g1 and state its domain. The function h is defined by h: x 2g(x 1). (e) Sketch the graph of the function h and state its range.
(3) (3)
(3)
[P2 November 2002 Question 8]
20.
Express
x + 12 x as a single fraction in its simplest form. + 2 ( x + 1)( x + 3) x 9
(6)
[P2 January 2003 Question 1]
10
21.
(a) Sketch the graph of y = 2x + a, a > 0, showing the coordinates of the points where the graph meets the coordinate axes. (2) 1 (b) On the same axes, sketch the graph of y = . (1) x (c) Explain how your graphs show that there is only one solution of the equation x2x + a 1 = 0. (d) Find, using algebra, the value of x for which x2x + 1 1 = 0.
(1) (3)
[P2 January 2003 Question 3]
22.
The curve with equation y = ln 3x crosses the x-axis at the point P (p, 0). (a) Sketch the graph of y = ln 3x, showing the exact value of p. The normal to the curve at the point Q, with x-coordinate q, passes through the origin. (b) Show that x = q is a solution of the equation x2 + ln 3x = 0. (c) Show that the equation in part (b) can be rearranged in the form x = 1 e x . 3
2
2
(2)
4) (2)
(d) Use the iteration formula xn + 1 = 1 e xn , with x0 = 1 , to find x1, x2, x3 and x4. Hence write 3 3 down, to 3 decimal places, an approximation for q. (3)
[P2 January 2003 Question 6]
23.
(a) Express sin x + 3 cos x in the form R sin (x + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < 90.
(4)
(b) Show that the equation sec x + 3 cosec x = 4 can be written in the form sin x + 3 cos x = 2 sin 2x. (c) Deduce from parts (a) and (b) that sec x + 3 cosec x = 4 can be written in the form sin 2x sin (x + 60) = 0.
(3)
(1)
[P2 January 2003 Question 7*]
11
24.
y
(0, c)
Figure 3
(d, 0)
Figure 3 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f(x), x 0. The curve meets the coordinate axes at the points (0, c) and (d, 0). In separate diagrams sketch the curve with equation (a) y = f1(x), (b) y = 3f(2x).
(2) (3)
Indicate clearly on each sketch the coordinates, in terms of c or d, of any point where the curve meets the coordinate axes. Given that f is defined by f : x 3(2x ) 1, x , x 0, (c) state (i) the value of c, (ii) the range of f. (d) Find the value of d, giving your answer to 3 decimal places. The function g is defined by g : x log2 x, x , x 1. (e) Find fg(x), giving your answer in its simplest form.
(3) (3)
(3)
[P2 January 2003 Question 8
25.
(a) Simplify
x 2 + 4x + 3 . x2 + x
(2) (4)
[P2 June 2003 Question 1]
(b) Find the value of x for which log2 (x2 + 4x + 3) log2 (x2 + x) = 4.
13
26.
The functions f and g are defined by f: x a x2 2x + 3, x , 0 x 4, g: x a x2 + 1, where is a constant, x . (a) Find the range of f. (b) Given that gf(2) = 16, find the value of .
(3) (3)
[P2 June 2003 Question 2]
27.
y
Figure 1
B( 4 , 1) 3
A(2, 0)
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f(x), 1 x 3. The curve touches the x-axis at the origin O, crosses the x-axis at the point A(2, 0) and has a maximum at the point B( 4 , 1). 3 In separate diagrams, show a sketch of the curve with equation (a) y = f(x + 1), (b) y = |f(x)|, (c) y = f(|x|), marking on each sketch the coordinates of points at which the curve (i) has a turning point, (ii) meets the x-axis.
[P2 June 2003 Question 4]
(3) (3) (4)
14
28.
(a) Sketch, on the same set of axes, the graphs of
y = 2 ex and y = x.
[It is not necessary to find the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.] Given that f(x) = ex + x 2, x 0, (b) explain how your graphs show that the equation f(x) = 0 has only one solution,
(3)
(1)
(c) show that the solution of f(x) = 0 lies between x = 3 and x = 4. The iterative formula xn + 1 = (2 e xn )2 is used to solve the equation f(x) = 0.
(2)
(d) Taking x0 = 4, write down the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4, and hence find an approximation to the solution of f(x) = 0, giving your answer to 3 decimal places. (4)
[P2 June 2003 Question 5]
28a. (i) Given that cos(x + 30) = 3 cos(x 30), prove that tan x =
3 . 2
(5)
(ii) (a) Prove that
1 cos 2 tan . sin 2
(3)
(b) Verify that = 180 is a solution of the equation sin 2 = 2 2 cos 2.
(1)
(c) Using the result in part (a), or otherwise, find the other two solutions, 0 < < 360, of the equation using sin 2 = 2 2 cos 2. (4)
[P2 June 2003 Question 8]
15
29.
(a) Express as a fraction in its simplest form 2 13 + 2 . x 3 x + 4 x 21 (b) Hence solve 2 13 + 2 = 1. x 3 x + 4 x 21
(3)
(3)
[P2 November 2003 Question 1]
30.
Prove that 1 tan 2 cos 2 . 1 + tan 2
(4)
[P2 November 2003 Question 5*]
31.
The functions f and g are defined by f: x a | x a | + a, x , g: x a 4x + a, where a is a positive constant. (a) On the same diagram, sketch the graphs of f and g, showing clearly the coordinates of any points at which your graphs meet the axes. (5) (b) Use algebra to find, in terms of a, the coordinates of the point at which the graphs of f and g intersect. (3) (c) Find an expression for fg(x). (d) Solve, for x in terms of a, the equation fg(x) = 3a.
x .
(2)
(3)
[P2 November 2003 Question 7]
16
32.
The curve C has equation y = f(x), where f(x) = 3 ln x + The point P is a stationary point on C. (a) Calculate the x-coordinate of P. 1 , x
x > 0.
(4)
(b) Show that the y-coordinate of P may be expressed in the form k k ln k, where k is a constant to be found. (2) The point Q on C has x-coordinate 1. (c) Find an equation for the normal to C at Q. The normal to C at Q meets C again at the point R. (d) Show that the x-coordinate of R (i) satisfies the equation 6 ln x + x + (ii) lies between 0.13 and 0.14. 2 3 = 0, x
(4)
(4)
[P2 November 2003 Question 8]
33.
The function f is given by f : x a 2 +
3 , x , x 2. x+2
(1) (3) (1)
[P2 January 2004 Question 1]
(a) Express 2 +
3 as a single fraction. x+2
(b) Find an expression for f 1(x). (c) Write down the domain of f 1.
17
34.
The function f is even and has domain . For x 0, f(x) = x2 4ax, where a is a positive constant. (a) In the space below, sketch the curve with equation y = f(x), showing the coordinates of (3) all the points at which the curve meets the axes. (b) Find, in terms of a, the value of f(2a) and the value of f(2a). Given that a = 3, (c) use algebra to find the values of x for which f(x) = 45.
(2)
(4)
[P2 January 2004 Question 4]
35.
Given that y = loga x, x > 0, where a is a positive constant, (a) (i) express x in terms of a and y, (ii) deduce that ln x = y ln a. (b) Show that
(1) (1) (2)
dy 1 = . dx x ln a
The curve C has equation y = log10 x, x > 0. The point A on C has x-coordinate 10. Using the result in part (b), (c) find an equation for the tangent to C at A. The tangent to C at A crosses the x-axis at the point B. (d) Find the exact x-coordinate of B.
(4)
(2)
[P2 January 2004 Question 5]
18
36.
(i) (a) Express (12 cos 5 sin ) in the form R cos ( + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < 90. (4)
(b) Hence solve the equation 12 cos 5 sin = 4, for 0 < < 90, giving your answer to 1 decimal place. (ii) Solve 8 cot 3 tan = 2, for 0 < < 90, giving your answer to 1 decimal place.
(3)
(5)
[P2 January 2004 Question 8]
37.
Express as a single fraction in its simplest form
x 2 8 x + 15 x2 9
2x 2 + 6x ( x 5) 2
(4)
[P2 June 2004 Question 1]
38.
(i) Given that sin x = of sec 2x.
3 , use an appropriate double angle formula to find the exact value 5
(4)
(ii) Prove that cot 2x + cosec 2x cot x,
n , n Z . x 2
(4)
[P2 June 2004 Question 2]
19
39.
f(x) = x3 + x2 4x 1. The equation f(x) = 0 has only one positive root, . (a) Show that f(x) = 0 can be rearranged as
x=
4x +1 x + 1 , x 1.
(2)
The iterative formula xn + 1 =
4 xn + 1 x + 1 is used to find an approximation to . n
(b) Taking x1 = 1, find, to 2 decimal places, the values of x2, x3 and x4.
(3)
(c) By choosing values of x in a suitable interval, prove that = 1.70, correct to 2 decimal places. (3) (d) Write down a value of x1 for which the iteration formula xn + 1 = produce a valid value for x2. Justify your answer.
4 xn + 1 x + 1 does not n
(2)
[P2 June 2004 Question 5]
20
40.
(a) Find f (x).
f(x) = x +
ex , 5
x .
(2)
The curve C, with equation y = f(x), crosses the y-axis at the point A. (b) Find an equation for the tangent to C at A.
(3)
(c) Complete the table, giving the values of
e x+ 5 1
to 2 decimal places. 1.5 2
x ex x + 5
0 0.45
0.5 0.91
(2)
[P2 June 2004 Question 7*]
41.
The function f is given by f: x ln (3x 6), (a) Find f1(x). x , x > 2.
(3)
(b) Write down the domain of f1 and the range of f1.
(2)
(c) Find, to 3 significant figures, the value of x for which f(x) = 3.
(2)
The function g is given by g: x ln |3x 6|, (d) Sketch the graph of y = g(x). x , x 2.
(3)
(e) Find the exact coordinates of all the points at which the graph of y = g(x) meets the coordinate axes. (3)
[P2 June 2004 Question 8]
21
