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Coorsoruerue nepcoHilKeft n xlaccuqecKoM poMaHe, repot, oqeHb nosrpoeHHorvrna 6norpa$HH HHAHBH.[yaIIbHoro HanoMnHaer ernrrercKne Qpecxn. B ueHrpe, Ha rpoHe - Koroccalrnufi Qapaou; oKoJIo Hero, qyrb [oMeHbure pocroM, u, - xeHa; erue MeHbue - MI{HI{cTpbI t{ BoeHarIzuIbHvIKu HaKoHeu, 6esrl4qHHult cronoqKaMll MeAflKoB I,IAyr BctqecKne Maccbr HacereHil.s - qeJlflAb, BotIHbl, pa6u. B poruane ueHTpanbHbIM crepxHeM Bcero M[po3AaHHq cBrrflercc pouauuuft repofi. Becr uup BocnpnHuMaercs qepe3 Hero. Eomrue rofo, Becb MlIp ecrb tto cyurecrBy nI,IIxb na6op ero co6crsesuux Aeraleft. H.4ealncruqecraa QllttocoQr,rr, yrBep)Krapuaq, r{To <<qe JIoBeKecrb Mepa ncex seulefiD, <qeJIoBeK- 9To 3ByII,IT ropyM}rpaeT M}rp>> rocnoAcTByeT AO>, (CO CMepTbrcr{eJIOBeKa B poMaHHoM nocrpoeHult. Bear eru $optrlylbl cyrb He qro I,IHoe,KaK necql{HKI,I,BoKpyr Koropblx Kpucriuln}I3yercx 6ypxya3Hoe lrcKyccrBo, r4cKyccrBogrloxr cso6oAHrrx KoHKypeHToB H xr{rqHbrx copeBHonateleft. B 9ro6rr npoBepuTb, HacKoJIbKo cI{JIeH Id.u,eanu3M poManOCMOTpeTb, KaKyro oTHocHTeJIbHyIoBecoHe, AOCTaTOTTHO unp neueft u rrpoMocrb B HeM HMeror ultp o6terrunulrfi, qeccoB, lr - Mr,rp cy6rexrunnuft, tr,nEp euouuft H nepe)KI,Inasuft1 Bce eru OHeruuu, PyAuuu, Kapauasonu, Eesyxoost nJIaHeTHbIXCHCTeM, 3TO HeKne COnHUa CaMOCTOSTeJIbHbIX noKOpHO BpaIqaIOTct nepcoHiDKll , vrI'evt, BOKpyr KOTOpbTX Berqfi lr ucropr,rqecKr,reflpoueccbr. Bepnee AiDKe- He coJIHua, a pfl,uoBbleIUIaHerbr, MHtIrII4e ce6g colttrqaMll ]I eure He Ao)KAaB[r[ecs oqepeAHoro KouepruKa, Koropblft noctannt ux Ha MecTo.

KorAa HbIHeuIHHe noKopHble ! teHHKH r{7leaJl]tcrnqecxoft nuTeparypbr nbrrarorcq <cr,rHTerr,rqecKri oro6paxarb JleftcrBt{TeJIbHocrbD, crpog nl,ITeparypHble cncreMhr c CaMrnHHult, Bupnuenr,ru, YyualoouMl,r B ueHTpe, oHll Bocco3AarcTTy xe cHcTeMyDnHTeparypbr. ApeBHpIO <(nTOJrOMeeBy B pouane BeIyurHft repoft noDrotuaer n cy6reronwr3r,rpyer Bcro .[eftcrnnrelbHocrb. Hcryccrno p:BHbrx gnox,qaer rreJIOBeKaB pa3HbIX pa3pe3ax, BepHee - BKJIIOTIeHHbIM pa3B Hbre prAbr. Moxer 6url prg gKoHoMr{qecKr,rx,noJrnTr{qecKI{x, npoI,I3BoAcrBeHHo-TexHI{rrecKnx, 6HTonux, 6[ororuqecKnx, [cHxoJIofHqecKI,Ix sBreHufi . lUtaccuqecxoro poMaHHcra qeJIoBeKHe nHTepecyer, KaK coyqacrHuK xossftcrBeHHoro npouecca. He H4.[o 3a6brBarb, rrro H.[eanucrr'{qecKoe Hcr(yccrBo yxornr KopHrMr,t s OeoaaJIH3M, rle npaBrureri cBnqercc Qnrypa 6esAemHo-6apcrByrcIrl'ero npHBr{.Jr9rr{poBaHHoro paHrbe. He orrygalr{ 9To npe3peHue poMaHa K qenoBeKy n rpyle? BsmRHHTe, cKoJrbKo B poMaHe orAeJreHo Mecra rexnlrqecKoft H npofissoAcrneHnoft cneu[ztnbHocru repon? Cyulecrnynr repou-HHxeHepbt, Bparru, Qunancncru, no o6uquo o roM, qro oHH Aenapr H KaK oHH AenarcT, foBopuTcq MI,IHITM:urbHoe KoJII{qecrBo crpoK. 3ato, xar oHH ueIyIOTC.g,I,r KaK eEAT, Vr KaK BeCeJItTCg, KaK OHH CK} {arcT, I{ H KaK Wr,rparoT - roBopHT oH oqeHb MHofo. 9r a nepeueul eHHocr b poM aHHor o f lepcoHaxa H3 npor,r3BoAcrBeHHoroprla n pq.[ 6brroBoft n ncnxoloruqecxuft npHsoAI,lT K ToMy, ,{ro o6H,{Ho poMaHbI npoTeKanT Bo nseclyxe6uoe BpeMs repofl. Oco6enno qyloBr4[lHo sro 3Byqur B poMaHix HblHeurHlrx <yt6crnynunx y KrraccHKoBD, pacnucbrBaloluux <crpalaHnq nponerapcKltx Beprepon no nnecllace6Hbre rracbl>. Ene sarparrasar,{eftcrsForrlee Jrr{uo no JlrHr,rHnpo$eccnoHanbHoft, Krlacclr{ecKufi pouaH TaK xe HeoxorHo aFIalJII,t3I{poB:rr ero B ptuy qBleHr,rft noJlltrl,IqecKlrx, couuanbHhrx, a TaIoKe QuauoloruvecKux. Mu eHaelr,t,HacKotrbKo 6rua ycpoMaHa, ecJII{ BcnoMHr{Tb, r{To 3aKoHbI JIoBHa $usuolorna pouanHoft ocrerr,rKn ueo6peln Arfl repoeB r,rrepor{Hb cnequaJrbHyro QaHracruvecxyro 6oleaHb, HepBHyro ropnqKy, r{ crporo cnelll4nll 3a TeM, qro6u nopaHeHuc repoeB r4 TqxKHe 6oreeun He cnycKaJlllcb HHxe [ogcHuubl.

70

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c ee yrleHHeM o A4eatncruqecKafl QulocoQns., a6colrcTl{3Me crvIxvul, o6pevenHoctu n npe.u,Ha3HaqeHl,Iu, npoAHKToBana cBolo Bonlo poMaHy, xoropuft cra.n rpaKToBarb qeJroBeKaB poKoBoM pa3pe3e. Buecro coqnaJlbHo-xapar,cepHbrx npoQeccuoHaJlbHblx 6oleaueft, poMaH KynbruBltpoBan npupoxAeHHue ncuxo$I{3noJlorl,Iqecxlre oco6en6OrbBceTpaFeAI{H9[IdIenrI,IKOB, ypOAOB, BCnOUgUrr,t HOCTlt. HbIx, cyMaclreAilrl{x, KaJIeK. PovaH l,IHTepecoBancffToJIbKo 6esycaonunun peQlexcauu. OrcroAa'rpare,qt,tu roJIoAa, JI106BH, peBHOCTII <KaK TaKOBbIX>. CoqnalrH o - noJIIirl{qe cxue xo HQI I{KTrI TpaKToBzlllHcb Jrr,uubB pa3pe3e uapyureuuft gTlIKlI (usueurr u npeAarenbcrna) n npolrcreKaroqeft orcroAa HeBponaroJlon{H (tuyru conecru). 9eaosex B poMaHe, npocJlexeHHuft no 9TI'IMJIIIHrrflM, craHoBl4ncg ooBeptueHHo l,tpp:unoHiueu. 9uouuoHalrHo-naroJrornqecKafl pa3.llyrocrb nu6pacunana ero I{3 psroB o6urecrnennoro n I'rHTeJIJIeKTyaJIbHoro. IAe eule, KpoMe poMaHa, Moxer gMoIII4t ropxecrBoBarb qeTar(Fo a6colrcruyto I,I Harnylo no6egy HaA I{HTeJLneKToM JIOBeKa,HaI ero 3HaHlIqMI,l, Ha,[ ero TexHuKo-opraHI{3auI,IoHHbIM Onrrrou? CJtosoM, MbI xornM cKa3arb, qro rlocrpoeHue poMaHa Ha 6uorpaQnu repos-qenoBeKa B ocHoBe cnoeft nopotlHo H.f,Brflercn B Hacroflulee BpeMfl nyr{tuuM cnoco6o*r /ulfl KoHTpa6aHAuoro nporacKllBaHllt lIreaIIH3Ma. Oto ornocmcff raxe K TeM cJI]^IatM, KorAa Bo3HnKaer repoq u B3flTbero B pa3nonhlTKa [epec'rpoHTb BKJIIorreHrIe pese npoQecc[oHulnbHo -QuenolomqecKl4 -cou[:lJlbHoM. Hactomxo BeJruKacI{JIa poMaHHblx KaHoHoB, r{To KzDKMoMeHT6y4er nocnpuHlrMarbct KaK rurft npo0eccnonanrHltft OT OTCTYruICHI,IE IIPHBbITIHOTO PA3BEPPOMAHHOTO AOCA,EHOE cnpaBxa 6y4er pacThrBaHlrq, a KaJNqL:rr QI,Isuororu.recKafl cMarpllBarbcs au6o KaK cltMrrToM ncl,lxoJlorflqecKoro nepe)KI,IBaHIII, ln6o xax cKyqHoe orBrerIeHI.Ie BHIIMaHI{I q}ITaTeJrr B cTopoHy. MHe sro npnuuocb I{cnblTarb na co6ctlennoft npalcrnIIItI-rya, 6uorpaQnrc Ke, KorAa t rruc:u 6nomrepntn.{eu pearnbHoro qeJIoBeKa, npocnexeHHoro IIo Bo3MoxHocTI'I o6rertusno. BsuuaHue Bce BpeMs HopoBI,ITcocKoJIBHyrb B lpnBbrrrHyb Koren 6uorpa$uuecKoro [cID(oJIorI'I3Ma,a OaK-

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KoMnosuuuoHH:ur crpyKTypa <6uorpa$nn BeIIH> npelcraBnqer co6ofi xouueftep, no KoropoMy ABrDKercfl cbrpbeBaJI CAI,IHI,IUA, IIOA qEIOBCqECKHMH NPEBPAIIIArcYCVUIIIflMI{ lurascs s noregHrrfi rporyKr. (Tax nocrpoeHbr Berqu llrepa Auna. B oco6esnocrn xe ero <.Csexas pu6a>.) EnorpaQr,rn Beurr{ HMeer coBepllreHHo HcKJr loql,ITenbHyro eMKOCTb AI.fl BKlroqeHr{fl B Hee qeJloBeqecKoro MaTepI,IaJIa. JInAn noAxoAqr K BeuIH Ha nonepeqHbrx ceqeH[rx KoHneriepa. Kaxaoe ceqeHlre npnHocr,rr HoBbre rpynnbr lro.qeft. KoruqectseHHo oHlr Mofyr 6urr npoclexeHbl oqeHb AuuleKo, n oro He Hapy[rHT nponopqnfi noBecrBoBannq. OHrr corrpuKacarorcq c Beulbto HMeHHo cnoefi coqualrnofi cropouoft, cnonun npoH3BoAcrBeHHbrMr,I HaBbIKaMI,I, npr{eM norpe6urearcxuft wtoueHT Bo BceM 3ToM KoHBeftepe saunuaet ToJr bKo Qnua.nrnyro qacrb. H H.uunu.u,yafl o cneqnQuqecKl,re su MoMeHTbry lrcAefi n 6uorpa$r,u,r BeuI[ orlraAaror, rfirrHbre rop6u I{ grrHJIencuI,I HeouyruMhr, Ho garo rrpe3BbrqaftHo BbInyKJIbrMr,I craHoBqrcq npo$eccnou:lnbHhle sa6oresaHu_s AaHHoft rpyflnbr H counalbHbre HeBpo3br. Ecru n 6norpaQuuecKoM poMaHe Ha,uo coBeprunrb HaJl co6oto 3HaqrrreJlbHoe HacHJIlIe, uto6rt ro I4nu Apyroe KarrecrBo repoq ouyrl,ITb KaK KaqecrBo couuzulbHoe, To n <,6HoqrorpaSuu Be[I,erl>, uao6opor, Ha,uo ce6q r,I3HacI4JIoBarb, 6u noo6paslrrb AaHHoe qBreHHe qreli-ro uu4uwrgyalrnoft oco6enuocrrro.

72

JIETD: numepamypaQarcma

B <6norpaSHu BeruHD3Mouns craHoBnTcfl Ha no.uo6arcuee efi Mecro H oulyuraercc He KaK rnqHoe nepexllBaHue. 3,u,ecruu y3HaeM couuiurbHyrc BecoMocrb gMouHH, cyllc no orp&Kaercfl Ha,uelaeuofi Betun. ToMy, KaK ee Bo3HnKHoBeHue He na,qo raloKe 3a6brBarb, .Iro xoHneftep, no KoropoMy ABrDKercs Beurb, HMeer nroAeft no o6e cBoH cropoHu. 9ro npo.{onbHoe ceqeHue lIo.ucxoft Macchl ecrb KllaccoBoe ceqeHHe. Xossena n pa6ornnKl,I He KaracrpoQnvecrut Bc'rpeqalorcfl, a opraHl,rqecKlr coflpr,IKacarcrcq. B 6norpaQnn BeIUH MbI Ha KrraccoByrc 6ops6y MoxHo Br4u,erbB pinBepHyroM BI,I.u,e Bcex gTanal( npoH3BoAcrBeHHofo npoqecca. Hau rtet cMblcfla ee TpaHcnoHHpoBaTbHa ncilxoJloml,o oAnHoqKH, cneunanbHo lurfl Hero Bbrc'rp:MBat 6appnxagu Ha rlpe.qMer ss6eraHnc Ha HHX c KpacHbrM 3HaMeHeMB pyKe. Pesorrouflq Ha BeruHoM roHoefiepe [po3B] IHT xecrrle, y6egurerrnee r,r MaccoBeft. H6o n 6uorpaQran Berun o6ssayrIaCTBylOT MaCCbI. TeJIbHO nayuuft cKBo3b crpoft neHrax, He rreJIoBeK-oAI,tHoqKa, ulefl, a Berub, npoxoAsilrafl cKBo3b crpoft rroAeft, - Bor npneM, npe.qcrae.nrnull,tfiMeroAoJlornqecxuft lnrepa4pHuft cfl HaM 6olee nporpeccuBHblM, qeM rIpHeMhIgaccNqecxofi 6erreTpncrnxu. Hau HacrocreJrbHo HyxHbI KHHrU o HarIrHx gKoHoMHrIecH KHX pecypcax, o Beuluu(, KoTopble AenarcTcc JIIo,rLbMI4, o JII,orgx, Korophle AeJIaIor BerrIH. Haura noJIHTHKapacrer Ha gKoHoMur{ecKoM crBoJIe, r.r Her nn o.quoft ceKyHAbI B qeJloBeqecKoMAHe, Koropag 6u Jlexala BHe gKoHoMHKI,t,BHe
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Bossuure KHr{ry }1.H. CrenaHonaCxnopuota <Olerrpu Qnxauns PCOCP) (I'H3, 1923r.) n qnraftre n HeftHa crpaHnue 314-ft cneAypuee: <K coxaleHl,rro, co3AaHHe Hosoft nl{TeparyphlHIer y Hac c orqaflHHofr ue,u,.neHHocrrn. O6Hapfxr,rBaercfl TeruIeHuHc no HH ABHrarbcq Jr HXHaI,rMe Hbureroconporr{BJlenu.q. CocraBnsroTcfl. rpoMa,qHbre H3AaTeJIbCKI{e nporpaMMbl co MHOIHMI,I paccqHTaHHbre MHOrueAecqTKHCOIecsTKaMI,IaBTOpOB, Ha TeH neqarHblx JII,IcroB. OqegH.[Ho, B tlHTepeczx<(noJIHorbI> H no roMy y6uftcrnenHo-Heorpa3nuolry coo6poKeHnto, qro xaxnuft <,o6pasoBaHuuft qe.noneKD AoJIXeH 3Harb. no KaKr,IM granaM llBnranacb saura o6uecrBeHHzlg MbrcJIb. srn H3raB TeJIbcKHenJIaHbI .[o6poconecrHo BcoBblBaercq Bce, rITo yxe H HaurenoKo;reH[e nepe)KeBbrBiuro 6es rocKn, eIHHcrBeHHe Ho rro roMy npeApaccyAKy, 6ylro Bce gro - Heo6xoAnueftruufi eleueur <o6pasonaHHocru)>. sac ro cnx nop He xBaY qro c o Bp e M e H H afl o6pasonaHuocru Taer MyxecrBa cKzt3zlrb, Mzuronocrpalzura 6br, eclu 6u MbI coBceM He cJlblxtlnH HMeH Illesslpgsu, Ha,uexAuua, laraxoBa, AnolloHa fpnroprena t T. L., rITO HaM no3BOJII,ITeJIbHO JrMHntTbCqnepe.{ TeM, He xax.[o6pue [HcareJIH H3 rocrroA orKpbrButltn B KpenocrHoM qeroBeKa, H qro KpHTHT{ecKHe crarbr,r Ee.nnncxoro t,tllH JIOKe [o6ponn6oBa Monrr,r BoJrHoBarb roJrbKo Hx coBpeMeHHHKoB. Hac .uocnx nop Ayrxr,rrQ n I on o r H q, Hs6urox c Jro Be c Horo o6pa3oBaH[q. Mrr c seruqaftunM nhrJroMortraeMct rpo6oronareJrbcrBy, Koropoe AoJIXHbI 6rr ocIvtecrr, eclu 6st oueHr,rBaJruEeluucroro, .{o6polro6ona n gepubrureBcKoro B eAHHcrBeHHo .qocrofinoft nx penolrouuogHoft nepcrreKTnBe, H floqrr,r Hl{qero He AenaeM A.nq Aeftcrsr{TeJlbHo coBpeMeHHoro, TpyroBoro npoH3Bo,qcrBeH Horo o6pa:ooaHur. Ecln

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