OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

Multiple Choice: 1. What is the percent of the total cost of quality that comes from rework? 2. What is the percent of the total gross of sales that come from product failure? 3. What is the cost of quality? 4. What is management by fact? 5. What are the three types of interfaces? 6. What three rules should be followed for all reviews? 7. What is boundary value testing? 8. What is decision/branch coverage strategy? 9. Which of the following is not one of the 6 Structural Test Approaches? 10. Which of the following is not one of the 8 Functional Test Approaches? 11. Which of the following is not a perspective of quality? a. transcendent b. product-based c. translucent d. user-based e. value-based f. manufacturing based 12. True or False. Effectiveness is doing things right and efficiency is doing the right things. 13. Which of the following is not one of Deming's 14 points for management? a. Adopt a new philosophy b. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force c. Mobility of management d. Create constancy of purpose 14. True or False. The largest cost of quality is from production failure. 15. Defects are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle? a. Requirements b. Analysis & Design c. Construction d. Implementation 16. A review is what category of cost of quality? a. Preventive b. Appraisal c. Failure 17. True or False. A defect is related to the term fault. 18. What type of change do you need before you can obtain a behavior change? a. Lifestyle b. Vocabulary c. Internal d. Management 19. Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs? a. 10-20 b. 40-50 c. 70-80 d. 5-10 20. The purpose of software testing is to: a. Demonstrate that the application works properly b. Detect the existence of defects c. Validate the logical design 21. True or False. One of the key concepts of a task force is that the leader be an expert in leading groups as opposed to an expert in a topical area.

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

22. a. b. c. d. e. Essay:

Match the following terms with their definitions: Black box testing White box testing Conversion testing Thread testing Integration testing

1. What fields would you include in creating a new defect tracking program (used by QA, developers, etc)? (25 points) a. Draw a pictoral diagram of a report you would create for developers to determine project status. b. Draw a pictoral diagram of a report you would create for users and management to show project status. 2. What 3 tools would you purchase for your company for use in testing and justify why you would want them? (this question is in both essay parts, only rephrased. I think 10 points each time) 3. Describe the difference between validation and verification. (5 points) 4. Put the following testing types in order and give a brief description of each. System testing, acceptance testing, unit testing, integration testing, benefits realization testing. (10 points) 5. Describe automated capture/playback tools and list the benefits of using them. (10 points) 6. The QAI is starting a project to put the CSTE certification online. They will use an automated process for recording candidate information, scheduling candidates for exams, keeping track of results and sending out certificates. Write a brief test plan for this new project. (30 points) 7. List what you think are the two primary goals of testing. (5 or 10 points)

1. What type of change do you need before you can obtain a behavior change? a) b) c) d) Lifestyle Vocabulary Internal Management

2. Quality assurance is the process by which product quality is compared with applicable standards, and the action taken when nonconformance is detected. True False

3. Pick the best tactic to use in constructive criticism to help the worker understand his or her solution to the criticism. a) Do it in public, while others are listening, so they too can learn from other people's mistakes. b) Be prepared to help your subordinate improve his or her performance. c) Criticize the individual rather than the product, because the individual creates problems with the product.

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

d) Explain to the employee what will happen to his or her career if the employee's behavior doesn't change. 4. The objective of risk analysis is to help IT management strike an economic balance between the impact of risks and the cost of protective measures. True False

5. In quantifying risk, the term RE represents: a) Risk expense b) Related expense c) Risk exposure 6. A standard is not an expected norm. True False

7. Quality and quality assurance are synonymous. True False

8. Productivity is increased if value is added to a product. True False

9. National Quality Awards are intended to foster continuous improvement activities. True False

10. Vision is a clear definition of the result you are trying to achieve. True False 11. What is the present value of money of a $10,000 expenditure that you will spend one year from now if money is worth 14 percent? a) b) c) d) $2630 $8770 $1600 $8600

12. Quality control relates to a specific product or service. True False

13. The objective of the present value of money calculation is to convert future dollars into current dollars. True False

14. What is the primary objective of the system proposal from the producer's viewpoint?

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

a) To present the costs/benefits of the proposal b) To obtain an agreement for more work c) To standardize presentations 15. The receivers of an information systems service are known as users. True False

16. Almost one-half of a programmer's time is spent identifying and fixing errors in specifications. True False

17. Which two elements are the major causes of documentation problems? a) b) c) d) Low priority Forgetfulness Not enough time Personal attitudes

18. When installing an information processing tool into your work environment, you can select an informal or formal procurement sequence. Which list is the formal procurement sequence? a) Technical requirements User review Generate RFP Issue RFP Proposal evaluation Select source b) Selection criteria Identify candidate User review Score candidates Select tool

19. A process allows the same quality to be replicated from product to product, often by the use of standards and procedures. True False

20. The term "defect" is related to the term "fault" because a fault is a defect, which has not yet been identified. True False

21. A latent defect is the same as a fault. True False

22. The average time between consecutive failures in a system or component during a specified period is known as the mean time between failures (MTBF). True False

23. A program whose purpose is to reduce the number of defects produced is known as a quality improvement program.

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

True

False

24. The inspection is an evaluation technique that relies on visual examination of an item. True False

25. The functionality/structure of the system created to solve a problem, satisfy a user need (note that this is the creative part of the design process) is known as the fishbone diagram. True False

26. The process used for documenting users requirements is known as validation. True False

27. A process/activity during which a high number of defects occur is known as a defect-prone process. True False

28. Name the three categories of costs associated with cost of quality. 29. What category would inspections, walkthroughs, and testing qualify as? 30. What category would creating of a help desk qualify as? 31. What category would training qualify as? costs. 32. Rework activities are CIRCLE THE CORRECT RESPONSE: 33. The conduct of an inspection of source code is quality control/quality assurance. 34. A computer operator verifies that the jobs to be run that day have been run. Quality Control/Quality Assurance 35. A task force selects and installs a system development methodology. Quality Control/Quality Assurance 36. A computer programmer conducts unit tests to validate that the program works. Quality Control/Quality Assurance SAMPLE QUESTION SET B 1. The ______________ is an application of process management and quality improvement concepts to software development and maintenance. a) b) c) d) Malcolm Baldridge ISO 9000 SEI/CMM QS14000

2. Quality can be separated from the controls associated with it? True False

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

3. What is one of the most powerful quality control tools? 4. The number-one skill needed for the tester analyst is listening. True False 5. The intent of the quality control checklist should be to improve the quality of the product being controlled by investigative means. True False 6. A large portion of the cost of quality is usually the cost of rework. True False 7. Quality assurance means the same as total quality control. True False 8. In the IT workbench, quality, and performance of the work are the responsibility of the QA department. True False 9. Identify five participant roles during a formal inspection. _____________________________ ____________________________

10. Function points measure the lines of code. True False

11. Function points quantify data processing work outputs. True False 12. Measurement of function points cannot be used for comparing two different kinds of systems. True False

13. Function points are hardware and software independent. True False

14. There are three major activities in function point counting. True False

15. The three parts of the function point count must be determined individually. True False

16. Identify the 5 function types:

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

External Input type Inquiry type External Inquiry type Logical Internal File type External Interface File type

Logical Output File type Internal File type External Output type

Internal

17. The process of identifying the kinds of software failures that can occur and then quantifying how likely it is that they will actually occur is: a) b) c) d) Configuration management Risk management Contingency planning Process improvement

18. The Baldrige award is a world-wide quality award. True False

19. What is the relationship between testing and quality assurance? a) QA is part of a complete testing process b) Testing and QA are two terms for the same thing c) Testing is part of a complete QA process 20. Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs? a) 10-20 b) 40-50 c) 70-80 21. Software errors are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle? a) Requirements b) Construction c) Acceptance test 22. The purpose of software testing is to: a) Demonstrate that the application works properly b) Detect the existence of defects c) Validate the logical design 23. For black-box testing: a) The tester is completely unconcerned about the internal behavior of the program b) The tester is concerned with finding circumstances in which the program does not behave according to specifications c) Test data is derived solely from specifications d) All of the above 24. Boundary value testing:

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

a) b) output c) d)

is the same as equivalence partitioning tests test boundary conditions on, above, and below the edges of input and equivalence classes. tests combinations of input circumstances is used in white-box testing strategy

25. Decision/branch coverage strategy: a) b) c) d) always satisfies statement coverage is used in black-box testing means that every branch direction is traversed at least once is the same as condition coverage SAMPLE QUESTION SET D

1. The National Quality Awards provide a basis for successful benchmarking against other companies. True False

2. Information systems organizations should have standards and procedures on running meetings. True False

3. The Pareto analysis is most effective for: a) Ranking items by importance b) Showing relationships between items c) Measuring the impact of identified items 4. One of the key concepts of a task force is that the leader be an expert in leading groups as opposed to an expert in a topical area. True False

5. The more common benefits associated with a service-level agreement are: a) b) c) d) Establish two-way accountability Make complaining easy Provide the basis for an IS budget All of the above

6. The two major differences between internal auditing and quality assurance involve their respective statement of responsibilities and common body of knowledge. True False

7. Within an organization, a service-level agreement is most effective when it is an ongoing negotiation and improvement process. True False

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

8. A nonsampling error relates to characteristics of the population. True False

the

sample

properly

reflecting

the

true

9. The cost of quality is usually the: a) Cost of prototyping b) Cost of rework c) Cost of risk assessment 10. Motorola's objective of reaching "Six Sigma" translates into per million. 11. Name the seven basic quality tools: 12. Policies provide: a) Guidance to decision makers b) Broad direction to decision makers c) Detailed prescription to decision makers 13. A measurement system is established to measure the effectiveness of system and unit testing. Quality Control / Quality Assurance? 14. Which of the following test approaches is not a structured test approach? a) b) c) d) Load/stress Operations Regression None of the above defective parts

15. A quantitative measurement used to determine test completion is: a) Defect measurement b) Requirements coverage c) Statistical analysis 16. Acceptance testing means: a) Testing performed on a single stand-alone module or unit of code b) Testing after changes have been made to ensure that no unwanted changes were introduced c) Testing to ensure that the system meets the needs of the organization and the end user. 17. Consensus means: a) b) c) d) Majority rules You dont have to like it, you just have to be able to accept it Whatever the boss says Compromise

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

18. Joe is performing a test to see that it complies with the user requirement that a certain field be populated by using a dropdown box containing a list of values. Joe is performing: a) b) c) d) White-box testing Black-box testing Load testing Regression testing

19. Sue is told to prepare a report on the most commonly occurring product defects. She reviews the software defect reports, which categorize the defects as coding errors, requirements errors, documentation errors, etc. The best tool to report this information is: a) b) c) d) A A A A histogram Pareto diagram cause and effect diagram scatter plot

20. Which of the following is NOT included in ISO guidelines? a) b) c) d) Purchaser and Supplier Internal Quality System Audits Documentation Management principles ANSWER KEY SAMPLE QUESTION SET A 14. B 15. True 16. True 17. A, D 18. A 19. True 20. True 21. True 22. True 23. True 24. True 25. False 26. False ANSWER KEY SAMPLE QUESTION SET B Author/producer Reader Inspector Recorder 10. False 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. True 27. True 28. Preventive, Failure, and Appraisal 29. Appraisal 30. Failure 31. Preventive 32. Failure 33. Quality control 34. Quality control 35. Quality assurance 36. Quality control

1. B 2. False 3. B 4. True 5. C 6. False 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. B 12. True 13. True

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

C No Checklist True True True True False Moderator

15. True 16. External Input type External Inquiry type External Interface File type External Output type

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

Logical Internal file type 17. B 18. False

19. C 20. B 21. A 22. B ANSWER KEY SAMPLE QUESTION SET C

23. D 24. B 25. C

1. True 2. True 3. A 4. True 5. D 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. B 10. 3.4 11. Histogram Control Chart/Run Chart Stratification

Scatter Diagram Fishbone (Cause-Effect) Diagram Pareto Chart Check Sheet 12. A, B 13. Quality assurance 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. D

MOST DEFINITIONS ARE FROM CSTE GUIDE BOOK 1. What is the percent of the total cost of quality that comes from rework? 15-50% 2. What is the percent of the total gross of sales that come from product failure? 20% (Manufacturing Business) 30% (Service Sector) 3. What is the cost of quality? Prevention Cost + Appraisal Cost + Failure Cost (Total cost in multiple iterations cost of doing things right first time) 4. What is management by fact? Management by fact is using quantitative measures and metrics to manage the planning, execution, and reporting of software testing. 5. What are the three types of interfaces? Interfaces o Person/Machine - Interfaces that include the operating system and the development languages that are available, as well as the input/output facilities. Communications Interfaces - Interfaces that include transmission of information between computers and remote equipment (e.g., transmission of computer data over networks.) Program Interfaces - Interfaces for the exchange of information, whether on the same computer, or distributed across multiple tiers of the application architecture.

6. What three rules should be followed for all reviews? Page 11 of 17

OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

a. Review the Product not the author b. Focus on Defect c. Overall responsibility as a team. 7. What is boundary value testing? The kind of testing in which test data or test cases are selected by identified the boundaries that separate valid and invalid conditions. Tests are conducted to test the inside and outside of these boundaries, in addition to these boundary points. Experience suggest that these test have higher payoff than selecting the random values for testing.

8. What is decision/branch coverage strategy? Branch Coverage Testing seeks to ensure that every branch has been executed. Branch Coverage can be tested by probes inserted at points in the program that represent arcs from branch points in the flow graphs. 9. Which of the following is not one of the 6 Structural Test Approaches? Options not present These are six Structural Testing o o o o o o Load/Stress . Execution Recovery Operations Compliance (to process) Security Requirements Regression Error Handling Manual Support. Interfaces/Intersystem Control Parallel Acceptance Testing

10. Which of the following is not one of the 8 Functional Test Approaches? o o o o o o o o 11.

Which of the following is not a perspective of quality?

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

transcendent product-based translucent user-based value-based manufacturing based Translucent 12. True or False. Effectiveness is doing things right and efficiency is doing the right things. False 13. Which of the following is not one of Deming's 14 points for management? a. Adopt a new philosophy b. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force c. Mobility of management d. Create constancy of purpose 14. True or False. The largest cost of quality is from production failure. True 15. Defects are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle? a. Requirements b. Analysis & Design c. Construction d. Implementation 16. A review is what category of cost of quality? a. Preventive b. Appraisal c. Failure 17. True or False. A defect is related to the term fault. Not sure 18. What type of change do you need before you can obtain a behavior change? a. Lifestyle b. Vocabulary c. Internal d. Management 19. Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs? a. 10-20 b. 40-50 c. 70-80 d. 5-10 20. The purpose of software testing is to: a. Demonstrate that the application works properly b. Detect the existence of defects c. Validate the logical design 21. True or False. One of the key concepts of a task force is that the leader be an expert in leading groups as opposed to an expert in a topical area. True 22. Match the following terms with their definitions: a. Black box testing b. White box testing c. Conversion testing d. Thread testing e. Integration testing Definitions not found : Here are the definitions as per CSTE Guide Book Black Box Testing : A test techniques that focuses on testing the functionality of the program , component, or application against its specifications without the knowledge

a. b. c. d. e. f.

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

of how the system is constructed ; usually data or business process driven. Logic or path is unknown. White Box Testing : A test technique that assumes that path of the logic of the program is known. White box testing is usually consists of testing paths, branch by branch, to produce predictable results. This test technique is usually used by the development team in testing units and components. Conversion Testing : A test technique that validates the effectiveness of data conversion process, includes fields to field mapping, and data transaction. Thread Testing : Test technique in which a string of unit which accomplish a specific function is tested. Integration Testing: Testing two or more programs or components that interact with each other to validate the quality and correct data transfer and interfaces. Demings 14 Points of Effective Management 1. Create constancy of purpose toward the improvement of products and services in order to become competitive, stay in business, and provide jobs. 2. Adopt the new philosophy. Management must learn that it is a new economic age and awaken to the challenge, learn their responsibilities, and take on leadership for change. 3. Stop depending on inspection to achieve quality. Build in quality from the start. 4. Stop awarding contracts on the basis of low bids. 5. Improve continuously and forever the system of production and service, to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly reduce costs. 6. Institute training on the job. 7. Institute leadership. The purpose of leadership should be to help people and technology work better. 8. Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively.

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

9. Break down barriers between departments so that people can work as a team. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for work force. They create adversarial relationships. 11. Eliminate quotas and management by objectives. Substitute leadership. 12. Remove barriers that rob employees of their pride of workmanship. 13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement. 14. Make the transformation everyone's job and put everyone to work on it. 1) Subjective Questions: 2) What are the differences between Quality Assurance and Quality Control 3) What is the difference between Verification and Validation 4) Define Boundary Value Analysis, Error Guessing, Equivalence Partitioning (10 Points) 5) Your customer does not have experience in writing Acceptance Test Plan. How will you do that in co-ordination with customer? What will be the contents of Acceptance Test Plan? (15 Points) 6) You company is going to create first E-Commerce application. How will you test this application? (10 Points) 7) An application program will run on a standalone workstation and on connected workstations. Describe what additional testing is requires where workstations are connected? (15 Points) 8) Unit testing has been introduced newly in the policy. What are objectives of Unit Testing, and what are the various techniques of unit testing. What are the measures used to measure it. How can u assure that it is compliance with your company Test Policy (25 Points) 9) You find that the senior testers are making more mistakes then junior testers; you need to communicate this aspect to the senior tester. Also, you don't want to loose this tester. How should one go about the constructive criticism? (10 Points) 10)There is a new model made with lots of fields, data, and interdependent paths between them. How will you ensure effectiveness, efficiency and total coverage in the testing of this model? (30 Points) 11)Explain any 5 Test Metrics (10 Points) 12)List 4 purposes of what you think are the primary goals of testing (15 Marks) 13)What are the criterion for test completion 14)Define Test Effectiveness and Test Efficiency

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

15)It is being observed that in a project cost of testing is very high. After going in detail it was found that the testers are testing the software which is not left with many defects. How will you make sure that this is correct? Any three ways? What are the disadvantages of Over Testing? 16)What are the product standards for the following: a. Test Plan b. Test Script c. Test Report 17)You are running out of time but you have to test the software. What will be your approach? 18)What is the purpose/objective of a test plan? 19)What are the contents of a Software/Test Matrix? 20)Name any 5 structural attributes of the software, which you might have worked upon, that may be impacted and thus require testing. 21)List the input(s) used in developing the test plan. 22)What is meant by error seeding and fault injection? 23)What are the rules that should be followed for all reviews? 24)What qualities must an individual possess to test effectively a software application? 25)Due to a change in design, the requirements for an already coded (built) software component (i.e., 1 software component among 10 software components in an application) got modified in its entirety. The developer had to modify the code based on the new requirements. Your role as a test manager is to choose the appropriate type of regression test to minimize the impact to the project schedule. What are the types and which type of regression test would you choose 26)List the considerations in Developing Testing Methodologies. 27)What fields would you include in creating a new defect-tracking program (used by QA, developers, etc)? (25 points) a. Draw a pictorial diagram of a report you would create for developers to determine project status. b. Draw a pictorial diagram of a report you would create for users and management to show project status. 28)What 3 tools would you purchase for your company for use in testing and justify why you would want them? (this question is in both parts, only rephrased. I think 10 points each time) 29)Put the following testing types in order and give a brief description of each. System testing, acceptance testing, unit testing, integration testing, benefits realization testing. (10 points) 30)Describe automated capture/playback tools and list the benefits of using them. (10 points) 31)The QAI is starting a project to put the CSTE certification online. They will use an automated process for recording candidate information, scheduling candidates for exams, keeping track of results and sending out certificates. Write a brief test plan for this new project. (30 points) 32)If you company is going to conduct a review meeting, what position would u select in the review committee and why? 33)What are the three factors will effect the Testing to stop? When you should stop testing? (10) 34)Write any three attributes which will impact the Testing Process? 35)What activity is done in Acceptance Testing, which is not done in System testing to ensure the Customer requirements? (10)

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OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

13. Prepare a checklist for the developers on Unit Testing before the application comes to Testing Department? 36)What is acceptance testplan and what is should include (15 points) 37)Draft testplan for an e-business software. what are the major points you will consider while testing e-business s/w (15) 16. How will you manage testing of a software if you are not getting enough resources to test it and development manager wants to release the software as soon as possible. What testing strategy you will implement? (15) 17. What are the product standards for testplan, test script and test report? (10) 38)What do u test in a system which accepts inputs from multiple nodes that you will not test in a system which has only one system? (10) 39)Joan is a PL. Each time she held a project meeting, she noticed that Sam seemed to have trouble setting priorities. Sam was one of the better programmers on the project, but never seemed to have the important tasks completed when needed. Joan realized it was time to talk to Sam about the problem. How she should perform this criticism? 40)What are 3 reasons why people do not listen well? 41)What do you believe is the most important of the 4 step complaint resolution process and why? 42)Project A is under very tight schedule. PL is responsible for writing 3 programs and only 2 developers assigned to meet the deadline the PL gives the other 2 developers a program and a deadline and takes the 3rd program himself. All contact with the end user is through the PL, who passes commands and deadlines on to the other 2 developers. As workload increases and deadline approaches, morale break downs. What went wrong 43)Project B PL wants her group to comply with all dept standards. To make sure this happen, one project member is appointed to review all the work products produced by the project to make sure they comply with standards. No worker can complete a task until the standards checker has reviewed the product and sign off on it. In a short time many Project people resent the standard checker and practice method designed to circumvent the standard checking. What went wrong? 44)

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