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Oracle 9i Program With PLSQL Vol3 Practices)

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Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL

Additional Practices

40054GC11 Production 1.1 October 2001 D34006

Authors
Nagavalli Pataballa Priya Nathan

Copyright Oracle Corporation, 1999, 2000, 2001. All rights reserved. This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is applicable: Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS 252.227-7013, Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988). This material or any portion of it may not be copied in any form or by any means without the express prior written permission of Oracle Corporation. Any other copying is a violation of copyright law and may result in civil and/or criminal penalties. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency not within the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights, as defined in FAR 52.227-14, Rights in Data-General, including Alternate III (June 1987). The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them in writing to Education Products, Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Box SB-6, Redwood Shores, CA 94065. Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error-free. All references to Oracle and Oracle products are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Technical Contributors and Reviewers

Anna Atkinson Bryan Roberts Caroline Pereda Cesljas Zarco Coley William Daniel Gabel Dr. Christoph Burandt Hakan Lindfors Helen Robertson John Hoff Lachlan Williams Laszlo Czinkoczki Laura Pezzini Linda Boldt Marco Verbeek Natarajan Senthil Priya Vennapusa Roger Abuzalaf Ruediger Steffan Sarah Jones Stefan Lindblad Susan Dee

Publisher
Sheryl Domingue

Additional Practices

Additional Practices Overview These additional practices are provided as a supplement to the course Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL. In these practices, you apply the concepts that you learned in Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL. The additional practices comprise of two parts: Part A provides supplemental practice declaring variables, writing executable statements, interacting with the Oracle server, writing control structures, and working with composite data types, cursors and handle exceptions. In part A, you also create stored procedures, functions, packages, and triggers, and to use the Oracle-supplied packages with iSQL*Plus as the development environment. The tables used in this portion of the additional practices include EMPLOYEES, JOBS, JOB_HISTORY, and DEPARTMENTS. Part B is a case study which can be completed at the end of the course. This part supplements the practices for creating and managing program units. The tables used in the case study are based on a video database and contain the TITLE, TITLE_COPY, RENTAL, RESERVATION, and MEMBER tables. An entity relationship diagram is provided at the start of part A and part B. Each entity relationship diagram displays the table entities and their relationships. More detailed definitions of the tables and the data contained in each of the tables is provided in the appendix Additional Practices: Table Descriptions and Data.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 3

Part A: Entity Relationship Diagram

Human Resources

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 4

Part A Note: These exercises can be used for extra practice when discussing how to declare variables and write executable statements. 1. Evaluate each of the following declarations. Determine which of them are not legal and explain why. a. DECLARE v_name,v_dept b. c. d. 2. DECLARE v_test DECLARE V_MAXSALARY DECLARE V_JOINDATE a. b. c. d. e. f. BOOLEAN := SYSDATE; NUMBER(7,2) = 5000; NUMBER(5); VARCHAR2(14);

In each of the following assignments, determine the data type of the resulting expression. v_email := v_firstname || to_char(v_empno); v_confirm := to_date('20-JAN-1999', 'DD-MON-YYYY'); v_sal := (1000*12) + v_test := FALSE; v_temp := v_temp1 < (v_temp2/ 3); v_var := sysdate; 500

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 5

Part A 3. DECLARE v_custid v_custname BEGIN DECLARE v_custid v_custname v_new_custid v_new_custname BEGIN v_custid := v_new_custid; v_custname := v_custname || ' ' || v_new_custname; NUMBER(4) := 0; VARCHAR2(300) := 'Shape up Sports Club'; NUMBER(3) := 300; VARCHAR2(300) := 'Jansports Club'; NUMBER(4) := 1600; VARCHAR2(300) := 'Women Sports Club';

v_new_custid NUMBER(3) := 500;

1
END; v_custid := (v_custid *12) / 10;

2
END; / Evaluate the PL/SQL block above and determine the data type and value of each of the following variables according to the rules of scoping: a. The value of V_CUSTID at position 1 is: b. The value of V_CUSTNAME at position 1 is: c. The value of V_NEW_CUSTID at position 2 is: d. The value of V_NEW_CUSTNAME at position 1 is: e. The value of V_CUSTID at position 2 is: f. The value of V_CUSTNAME at position 2 is: Note: These exercises can be used for extra practice when discussing how to interact with the Oracle server and write control structures. 4. Write a PL/SQL block to accept a year and check whether it is a leap year. For example, if the year entered is 1990, the output should be 1990 is not a leap year. Hint: The year should be exactly divisible by 4 but not divisible by 100, or it should be divisible by 400.

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Part A Test your solution with the following years:

1990 2000 1996 1886 1992 1824 Not a leap year Leap year Leap year Not a leap year Leap year Leap year

5. a. For the exercises below, you will require a temporary table to store the results. You can either create the table yourself or run the labAp_05.sql script that will create the table for you. Create a table named TEMP with the following three columns:
Column Name Key Type Nulls/Unique FK Table FK Column Datatype Length Number 7,2 VARCHAR2 35 Date NUM_STORE CHAR_STORE DATE_STORE

b. Write a PL/SQL block that contains two variables, MESSAGE and DATE_WRITTEN. Declare MESSAGE as VARCHAR2 data type with a length of 35 and DATE_WRITTEN as DATE data type. Assign the following values to the variables: Variable MESSAGE DATE_WRITTEN Contents This is my first PL/SQL program Current date

Store the values in appropriate columns of the TEMP table. Verify your results by querying the TEMP table.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 7

Part A 6. a. Store a department number in a iSQL*Plus substitution variable b. Write a PL/SQL block to print the number of people working in that department. Hint: Enable DBMS_OUTPUT in iSQL*Plus with SET SERVEROUTPUT ON.

7. Write a PL/SQL block to declare a variable called v_salary to store the salary of an employee. In the executable part of the program, do the following: a. Store an employee name in a iSQL*Plus substitution variable b. Store his or her salary in the variable v_salary c. If the salary is less than 3,000, give the employee a raise of 500 and display the message '<Employee Name>s salary updated' in the window. d. If the salary is more than 3,000, print the employees salary in the format, '<Employee Name> earns ...' e. Test the PL/SQL for the following last names:
LAST_NAME Pataballa Greenberg Ernst Philtanker SALARY 4800 12000 6000 2200

Note: Undefine the variable that stores the employees name at the end of the script. 8. a. Store the salary of an employee in a iSQL*Plus substitution variable. b. Write a PL/SQL block to use the above defined salary and perform the following: Calculate the annual salary as salary * 12. Calculate the bonus as indicated below:

Annual Salary >= 20,000 19,999 - 10,000 <= 9,999

Bonus 2,000 1,000 500

Display the amount of the bonus in the window in the following format: The bonus is $..
Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 8

Part A

Test the PL/SQL for the following test cases:

SALARY 5000 1000 15000 BONUS 2000 1000 2000

Note: These exercises can be used for extra practice when discussing how to work with composite data types, cursors and handling exceptions.

9. a. Write a PL/SQL block to store an employee number, the new department number, and the percentage increase in the salary in iSQL*Plus substitution variables. b. Update the department ID of the employee with the new department number, and update the salary with the new salary. Use the EMP table for the updates. Once the update is complete, display the message, 'Update complete' in the window. If no matching records are found, display No Data Found. Test the PL/SQL for the following test cases:
EMPLOYEE_ID 100 10 126 NEW_DEPARTMEN T_ID 20 30 40 % INCREASE 2 5 3 MESSAGE Updation Complete No Data found Updation Complete

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Part A 10. Create a PL/SQL block to declare a cursor EMP_CUR to select the employee name, salary, and hire date from the EMPLOYEES table. Process each row from the cursor, and if the salary is greater than 15,000 and the hire date is greater than 01-FEB-1988, display the employee name, salary, and hire date in the window in the format shown in the sample output below:

11. Create a PL/SQL block to retrieve the last name and department ID of each employee from the EMPLOYEES table for those employees whose EMPLOYEE_ID is less than 114. From the values retrieved from the EMPLOYEES table, populate two PL/SQL tables, one to store the records of the employee last names and the other to store the records of their department IDs. Using a loop, retrieve the employee name information and the salary information from the PL/SQL tables and display it in the window, using DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE. Display these details for the first 15 employees in the PL/SQL tables.

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Part A 12. a. Create a PL/SQL block that declares a cursor called DATE_CUR. Pass a parameter of DATE data type to the cursor and print the details of all employees who have joined after that date. DEFINE P_HIREDATE = 08-MAR-00

b. Test the PL/SQL block for the following hire dates: 08-MAR-00, 25-JUN-97, 28-SEP-98, 07-FEB-99.

13. Create a PL/SQL block to promote clerks who earn more than 3,000 to the job title SR CLERK and increase their salary by 10%. Use the EMP table for this practice. Verify the results by querying on the EMP table. Hint: Use a cursor with FOR UPDATE and CURRENT OF syntax. 14. a. For the exercise below, you will require a table to store the results. You can create the ANALYSIS table yourself or run the labAp_14a.sql script that creates the table for you. Create a table called ANALYSIS with the following three columns:
Column Name Key Type Nulls/Unique FK Table FK Column Datatype Length VARCHAR2 20 Number 2 Number 8,2 ENAME YEARS SAL

b. Create a PL/SQL block to populate the ANALYSIS table with the information from the EMPLOYEES table. Use an iSQL*Plus substitution variable to store an employees last name. c. Query the EMPLOYEES table to find if the number of years that the employee has been with the organization is greater than five, and if the salary is less than 3,500, raise an exception. Handle the exception with an appropriate exception handler that inserts the following values into the ANALYSIS table: employee last name, number of years of service, and the current salary. Otherwise display Not due for a raise in the window. Verify the results by querying the ANALYSIS table. Use the following test cases to test the PL/SQL block:
LAST_NAME Austin Nayer Fripp Khoo MESSAGE Not due for a raise Not due for a raise Not due for a raise Due for a raise
Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 11

Part A

Note: These exercises can be used for extra practice when discussing how to create procedures. 15. In this practice, create a program to add a new job into the JOBS table. a. Create a stored procedure called ADD_JOBS to enter a new order into the JOBS table. The procedure should accept three parameters. The first and second parameters supplies a job ID and a job title. The third parameter supplies the minimum salary. Use the maximum salary for the new job as twice the minimum salary supplied for the job ID. b. Disable the trigger SECURE_EMPLOYEES before invoking the procedure. Invoke the procedure to add a new job with job ID SY_ANAL, job title System Analyst, and minimum salary of 6,000. c. Verify that a row was added and remember the new job ID for use in the next exercise. Commit the changes.

16. In this practice, create a program to add a new row to the JOB_HISTORY table for an existing employee. Note: Disable all triggers on the EMPLOYEES, JOBS, and JOB_HISTORY tables before invoking the procedure in part b. Enable all these triggers after executing the procedure. a. Create a stored procedure called ADD_JOB_HIST to enter a new row into the JOB_HISTORY table for an employee who is changing his job to the new job ID that you created in question 15b. Use the employee ID of the employee who is changing the job and the new job ID for the employee as parameters. Obtain the row corresponding to this employee ID from the EMPLOYEES table and insert it into the JOB_HISTORY table. Make hire date of this employee as the start date and today's date as end date for this row in the JOB_HISTORY table. Change the hire date of this employee in the EMPLOYEES table to today's date. Update the job ID of this employee to the job ID passed as parameter (Use the job ID of the job created in question 15b) and salary equal to minimum salary for that job ID + 500. Include exception handling to handle an attempt to insert a nonexistent employee. b. Disable triggers (Refer to the note at the beginning of this question.) Execute the procedure with employee ID 106 and job ID SY_ANAL as parameters. Enable the triggers that you disabled. c. Query the tables to view your changes, and then commit the changes.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 12

Part A 17. In this practice, create a program to update the minimum and maximum salaries for a job in the JOBS table. a. Create a stored procedure called UPD_SAL to update the minimum and maximum salaries for a specific job ID in the JOBS table.

c. Query the JOBS table to view your changes, and then commit the changes.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 13

Part A

18. a.

In this practice, create a procedure to monitor whether employees have exceeded their average salary limits. Add a column to the EMPLOYEES table by executing the following command: (labaddA_18.sql)
ALTER TABLE employees ADD (sal_limit_indicate VARCHAR2(3) DEFAULT 'NO' CONSTRAINT emp_sallimit_ck CHECK (sal_limit_indicate IN ('YES', 'NO')));

Write a stored procedure called CHECK_AVG_SAL. This checks each employee's average salary limit from the JOBS table against the salary that this employee has in the EMPLOYEES table and updates the SAL_LIMIT_INDICATE column in the EMPLOYEES table when this employee has exceeded his or her average salary limit. Create a cursor to hold employee IDs, salaries, and their average salary limit. Find the average salary limit possible for an employee's job from the JOBS table. Compare the average salary limit possible for each employee to exact salaries and if the salary is more than the average salary limit, set the employees SAL_LIMIT_INDICATE column to YES; otherwise, set it to NO. Add exception handling to account for a record being locked.

c. Execute the procedure, and then test the results. Query the EMPLOYEES table to view your modifications, and then commit the changes.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 14

Part A

Note: These exercises can be used for extra practice when discussing how to create functions. 19. Create a program to retrieve the number of years of service for a specific employee. a. Create a stored function called GET_SERVICE_YRS to retrieve the total number of years of service for a specific employee. The function should accept the employee ID as a parameter and return the number of years of service. Add error handling to account for an invalid employee ID. b. Invoke the function. You can use the following data: EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(get_service_yrs(999)) Hint: The above statement should produce an error message because there is no employee with employee ID 999.
EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Approximately .... ' || get_service_yrs(106) || ' years')

Hint: The above statement should be successful and return the number of years of service for employee with employee ID 106. c. Query the JOB_HISTORY and EMPLOYEES tables for the specified employee to verify that the modifications are accurate.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 15

Part A 20. In this practice, create a program to retrieve the number of different jobs that an employee worked during his or her service. a. Create a stored function called GET_JOB_COUNT to retrieve the total number of different jobs on which an employee worked.

Note: These exercises can be used for extra practice when discussing how to create packages. 21. Create a package specification and body called EMP_JOB_PKG that contains your ADD_JOBS, ADD_JOB_HIST, and UPD_SAL procedures, as well as your GET_SERVICE_YRS function. a. Make all the constructs public. Consider whether you still need the stand-alone procedures and functions that you just packaged. b. Disable all the triggers before invoking the procedure and enable them after invoking the procedure, as suggested in question 16b. Invoke your ADD_JOBS procedure to create a new job with ID PR_MAN, job title Public Relations Manager, and salary of 6,250. Invoke your ADD_JOB_HIST procedure to modify the job of employee with employee ID 110 to job ID PR_MAN. c. Hint: All of the above calls to the functions should be successful. Query the JOBS, JOB_HISTORY, and EMPLOYEES tables to verify the results.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 16

Part A

Note: These exercises can be used for extra practice when discussing how to use Oracle-supplied packages. 22. In this practice, use an Oracle-supplied package to schedule your GET_JOB_COUNT function to run semiannually. a. Create an anonymous block to call the DBMS_JOB Oracle-supplied package. Invoke the package function DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT and pass the following four parameters: a variable to hold the job number, the name of the subprogram you want to submit, SYSDATE as the date when the job will run, and an interval of ADDMONTHS(SYSDATE , 6) for semiannual submission. Note: To force the job to run immediately, call DBMS_JOB.RUN(your_job_number) after calling DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT. This executes the job waiting in the queue. Execute the anonymous block. b. Check your results by querying the EMPLOYEES and JOB_HISTORY tables and querying the USER_JOBS dictionary view to see the status of your job submission. Your output should appear similar to the following output:

Note: These exercises can be used for extra practice when discussing how to create database triggers. 23. In this practice, create a trigger to ensure that the job ID of any new employee being hired to department 80 (the Sales department) is a sales manager or representative. a. Disable all the previously created triggers as discussed in question 16b. b. Create a trigger called CHK_SALES_JOB. Fire the trigger before every row that is changed after insertions and updates to the JOB_ID column in the EMPLOYEES table. Check that the new employee has a job ID of SA_MAN or SA_REP in the EMPLOYEES table. Add exception handling and provide an appropriate message so that the update fails if the new job ID is not that of a sales manager or representative. c. Test the trigger. You can use the following data: UPDATE employees SET job_id = 'AD_VP' WHERE employee_id = 106;
UPDATE employees SET job_id = 'AD_VP' WHERE employee_id = 179; UPDATE employees SET job_id = 'SA_MAN' WHERE employee_id = 179;

Hint: The middle statement should produce the error message specified in your trigger.
Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 17

Part A d. Query the EMPLOYEES table to view the changes. Commit the changes.

Enable all the triggers that you previously disabled, as discussed in question 16b.

24. In this practice, create a trigger to ensure that the minimum and maximum salaries of a job are never modified such that the salary of an existing employee with that job ID is out of the new range specified for the job. a. Create a trigger called CHECK_SAL_RANGE. Fire the trigger before every row that is changed when data is updated in the MIN_SALARY and MAX_SALARY columns in the JOBS table. For any minimum or maximum salary value that is changed, check that the salary of any existing employee with that job ID in the EMPLOYEES table falls within the new range of salaries specified for this job ID. Include exception handling to cover a salary range change that affects the record of any existing employee. b. Test the trigger. You can use the following data: SELECT * FROM jobs WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL';

SELECT employee_id, job_id, salary FROM employees WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL'; UPDATE jobs SET min_salary = 5000, max_salary = 7000 WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL'; UPDATE jobs SET min_salary = 7000, max_salary = 18000 WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL';

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Part B: Entity Relationship Diagram

for RESERVATION #* reservation date set up for the subject of

TITLE #* ID * title * description o rating o category o release date available as

a copy TITLE_COPY #* ID * status the subject of responsible for MEMBER #* ID * last name o first name o address o city o phone * join date made against responsible for created for RENTAL #* book date o act ret date o exp ret date

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 19

Part B In this exercise, create a package named VIDEO that contains procedures and functions for a video store application. This application allows customers to become a member of the video store. Any members can rent movies, return rented movies, and reserve movies. Additionally, create a trigger to ensure that any data in the video tables is modified only during business hours. Create the package using iSQL*Plus and use the DBMS_OUTPUT Oracle supplied package to display messages. The video store database contains the following tables: TITLE, TITLE_COPY, RENTAL, RESERVATION, and MEMBER. The entity relationship diagram is shown on the previous page.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 20

Part B 1. Run the script buildvid1.sql to create all of the required tables and sequences needed for this exercise. Run the script buildvid2.sql to populate all the tables created through by the script buildvid1.sql

Create a package named VIDEO with the following procedures and functions: a.
NEW_MEMBER: A public procedure that adds a new member to the MEMBER table. For the member ID number, use the sequence MEMBER_ID_SEQ; for the join date, use SYSDATE. Pass all other values to be inserted into a new row as parameters. NEW_RENTAL: An overloaded public function to record a new rental. Pass the title ID number for the video that a customer wants to rent and either the customers last name or his member ID number into the function. The function should return the due date for the video. Due dates are three days from the date the video is rented. If the status for a movie requested is listed as AVAILABLE in the TITLE_COPY table for one copy of this title, then update this TITLE_COPY table and set the status to RENTED. If there is no copy available, the function must return NULL. Then, insert a new record into the RENTAL table identifying the booked date as today's date, the copy ID number, the member ID number, the title ID number and the expected return date. Be aware of multiple customers with the same last name. In this case, have the function return NULL, and display a list of the customers' names that match and their ID numbers. RETURN_MOVIE: A public procedure that updates the status of a video (available, rented, or damaged) and sets the return date. Pass the title ID, the copy ID and the status to this procedure. Check whether there are reservations for that title, and display a message if it is reserved. Update the RENTAL table and set the actual return date to todays date. Update the status in the TITLE_COPY table based on the status parameter passed into the procedure. RESERVE_MOVIE: A private procedure that executes only if all of the video copies requested in the NEW_RENTAL procedure have a status of RENTED. Pass the member ID number and the title ID number to this procedure. Insert a new record into the RESERVATION table and record the reservation date, member ID number, and title ID number. Print out a message indicating that a movie is reserved and its expected date of return. EXCEPTION_HANDLER: A private procedure that is called from the exception handler of the public programs. Pass to this procedure the SQLCODE number, and the name of the program (as a text string) where the error occurred. Use RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR to raise a customized error. Start with a unique key violation (-1) and foreign key violation (-2292). Allow the exception handler to raise a generic error for any other errors.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 21

Part B

You can use the following data to test your routines: SET ECHO ON
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON EXECUTE video.new_member ('Haas', 'James', 'Chestnut Street', 'Boston', '617-123-4567')

EXECUTE video.new_member ('Biri', 'Allan', 'Hiawatha Drive', 'New York', '516-123-4567')

EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(video.new_rental(110, 98))

EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(video.new_rental(109, 93))

EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(video.new_rental(107, 98))

EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(video.new_rental('Biri', 97))

EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(video.new_rental(97, 97))

SET ECHO OFF

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 22

Part B EXECUTE video.return_movie(98, 1, 'AVAILABLE')

EXECUTE video.return_movie(95, 3, 'AVAILABLE')

EXECUTE video.return_movie(111, 1, 'RENTED')

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 23

Part B

The business hours for the video store are 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., Sunday through Friday, and 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. on Saturday. To ensure that the tables can only be modified during these hours, create a stored procedure that is called by triggers on the tables. a. Create a stored procedure called TIME_CHECK that checks the current time against business hours. If the current time is not within business hours, use the RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure to give an appropriate message. b. Create a trigger on each of the five tables. Fire the trigger before data is inserted, updated, and deleted from the tables. Call your TIME_CHECK procedure from each of these triggers. c. Test your trigger. Note: In order for your trigger to fail, you need to change the time to be outside the range of your current time in class. For example, while testing, you may want valid video hours in your trigger to be from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m.

Oracle9i : Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practices - 24

Additional Practice Solutions

Part A: Additional Practice 1 and 2 Solutions 1. Evaluate each of the following declarations. Determine which of them are not legal and explain why. a. DECLARE v_name,v_dept b. VARCHAR2(14); This is illegal because only one identifier per declaration is allowed. DECLARE v_test This is legal. c. DECLARE V_MAXSALARY d. NUMBER(7,2) = 5000; This is illegal because the assignment operator is wrong. It should be :=. DECLARE V_JOINDATE BOOLEAN := SYSDATE; This is illegal because there is a mismatch in the data types. A Boolean data type cannot be assigned a date value. The data type should be date. 2. In each of the following assignments, determine the data type of the resulting expression. a. v_email := v_firstname || to_char(v_empno); b. c. d. e. f. Character string v_confirm := to_date('20-JAN-1999', 'DD-MON-YYYY'); Date v_sal := (1000*12) + 500 Number v_test := FALSE; Boolean v_temp := v_temp1 < (v_temp2/ 3); Boolean v_var := sysdate; Date NUMBER(5);

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 3

Part A: Additional Practice 3 Solutions 3. DECLARE v_custid v_custname v_new_custid BEGIN DECLARE v_custid v_custname v_new_custid BEGIN v_custid := v_new_custid; v_custname := v_custname || ' ' || v_new_custname; NUMBER(4) := 0; VARCHAR2(300) := 'Shape up Sports Club'; NUMBER(3) := 300; NUMBER(4) := 1600; VARCHAR2(300) := 'Women Sports Club'; NUMBER(3) := 500;

v_new_custname VARCHAR2(300) := 'Jansports Club';

1 2

END; v_custid := (v_custid *12) / 10; END; / Evaluate the PL/SQL block above above and determine the data type and value of each of the following variables, according to the rules of scoping: a. The value of V_CUSTID at position 1 is: 300, and the data type is NUMBER b. c. d. e. f. The value of V_CUSTNAME at position 1 is: Shape up Sports Club Jansports Club, and the data type is VARCHAR2 The value of V_NEW_CUSTID at position 1 is: 500, and the data type is NUMBER (or INTEGER) The value of V_NEW_CUSTNAME at position 1 is: Jansports Club, and the data type is VARCHAR2 The value of V_CUSTID at position 2 is: 1920, and the data type is NUMBER The value of V_CUSTNAME at position 2 is: Women Sports Club, and the data type is VARCHAR2

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 4

Part A: Additional Practice 4 Solutions 4. Write a PL/SQL block to accept a year and check whether it is a leap year. For example, if the year entered is 1990, the output should be 1990 is not a leap year. Hint: The year should be exactly divisible by 4 but not divisible by 100, or it should be divisible by 400. Test your solution with the following years:
1990 2000 1996 1886 1992 1824 Not a leap year Leap year Leap year Not a leap year Leap year Leap year

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON UNDEFINE DECLARE V_YEAR NUMBER(4) := &P_YEAR; V_REMAINDER1 NUMBER(5,2); V_REMAINDER2 NUMBER(5,2); V_REMAINDER3 NUMBER(5,2); BEGIN V_REMAINDER1 := MOD(V_YEAR,4); V_REMAINDER2 := MOD(V_YEAR,100); V_REMAINDER3 := MOD(V_YEAR,400); IF ((V_REMAINDER1 = 0 AND V_REMAINDER2 <> 0 ) OR V_REMAINDER3 = 0) THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(V_YEAR || ' is a leap year'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (V_YEAR || ' is not a leap year'); END IF; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 5

Part A: Additional Practice 5 Solutions 5. a. For the exercises below, you will require a temporary table to store the results. You can either create the table yourself or run the labAp_05.sql script that will create the table for you. Create a table named TEMP with the following three columns:

Column Name Key Type Nulls/Unique FK Table FK Column Datatype Length

NUM_STORE

CHAR_STORE

DATE_STORE

Number 7,2

VARCHAR2 35

Date

CREATE TABLE temp (num_store NUMBER(7,2), char_store VARCHAR2(35), date_store DATE); b. Write a PL/SQL block that contains two variables, MESSAGE and DATE_WRITTEN. Declare MESSAGE as VARCHAR2 data type with a length of 35 and DATE_WRITTEN as DATE data type. Assign the following values to the variables: Variable MESSAGE DATE_WRITTEN Contents 'This is my first PL/SQL program' Current date

Store the values in appropriate columns of the TEMP table. Verify your results by querying the TEMP table. DECLARE MESSAGE VARCHAR2(35); DATE_WRITTEN DATE; BEGIN MESSAGE := 'This is my first PLSQL Program'; DATE_WRITTEN := SYSDATE; INSERT INTO temp(CHAR_STORE,DATE_STORE) VALUES (MESSAGE,DATE_WRITTEN); END; / SELECT * FROM TEMP;

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 6

Part A: Additional Practice 6 and 7 Solutions

6. a. Store a department number in a iSQL*Plus substitution variable SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DEFINE P_DEPTNO = 30 b. Write a PL/SQL block to print the number of people working in that department. Hint: Enable DBMS_OUTPUT in iSQL*Plus with SET SERVEROUTPUT ON.
DECLARE V_COUNT NUMBER(3); V_DEPTNO DEPARTMENTS.department_id%TYPE BEGIN SELECT COUNT(*) INTO V_COUNT FROM employees WHERE department_id = V_DEPTNO; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (V_COUNT || ' employee(s) work for department number ' ||V_DEPTNO); END; / := &P_DEPTNO;

b. Store his or her salary in the v_salary variable c. If the salary is less than 3,000, give the employee a raise of 500 and display the message '<Employee Name>s salary updated' in the window. d. If the salary is more than 3,000, print the employees salary in the format, '<Employee Name> earns ...' e. Test the PL/SQL for the last names
Note: Undefine the variable that stores the employees name at the end of the script. DECLARE V_SALARY NUMBER(7,2); V_LASTNAME EMPLOYEES.LAST_NAME%TYPE; BEGIN SELECT salary INTO V_SALARY FROM employees WHERE last_name = INITCAP('&&P_LASTNAME') FOR UPDATE of salary;

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 7

Part A: Additional Practice 7 and 8 Solutions V_LASTNAME := INITCAP('&P_LASTNAME'); IF V_SALARY < 3000 THEN UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 500 WHERE last_name = ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (V_LASTNAME TO_CHAR(V_SALARY)); END IF; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF UNDEFINE P_LASTNAME || ' earns ' || INITCAP('&P_LASTNAME') ; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (V_LASTNAME || '''s salary updated');

8. a. Store the salary of an employee in a iSQL*Plus substitution variable. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

DEFINE P_SALARY = 5000

Write a PL/SQL block to use the above defined salary and perform the following: Calculate the annual salary as salary * 12. Calculate the bonus as indicated below:

Annual Salary >= 20,000 19,999 - 10,000 <= 9,999

Bonus 2,000 1,000 500

Display the amount of the bonus in the window in the following format: The bonus is $..

DECLARE V_SALARY V_BONUS NUMBER(7,2) := &P_SALARY; NUMBER(7,2);

V_ANN_SALARY NUMBER(15,2);

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 8

Part A: Additional Practice 8 and 9 Solutions BEGIN V_ANN_SALARY := V_SALARY * 12; IF V_ANN_SALARY >= 20000 THEN V_BONUS := 2000; ELSIF V_ANN_SALARY <= 19999 AND V_ANN_SALARY >=10000 THEN V_BONUS := 1000; ELSE V_BONUS := 500; END IF; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('The Bonus is $ END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF ' || TO_CHAR(V_BONUS));

9. a. Write a PL/SQL block to store an employee number, the new department number and the percentage increase in the salary in iSQL*Plus substitution variables. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DEFINE P_EMPNO = 100 DEFINE P_NEW_DEPTNO = 10 DEFINE P_PER_INCREASE = 2 b. Update the department ID of the employee with the new department number, and update the salary with the new salary. Use the EMP table for the updates. Once the update is complete, display the message, Update complete in the window. If no matching records are found, display the message, No Data Found. Test the PL/SQL. DECLARE V_EMPNO emp.EMPLOYEE_ID%TYPE := &P_EMPNO; V_NEW_DEPTNO emp.DEPARTMENT_ID%TYPE := & P_NEW_DEPTNO; V_PER_INCREASE NUMBER(7,2) := & P_PER_INCREASE; BEGIN UPDATE emp SET department_id = V_NEW_DEPTNO, salary = salary + (salary * V_PER_INCREASE/100) WHERE employee_id = V_EMPNO; IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('No Data Found'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Update Complete'); END IF; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 9

Part A: Additional Practice 10 Solutions

10. Create a PL/SQL block to declare a cursor EMP_CUR to select the employee name, salary, and hire date from the EMPLOYEES table. Process each row from the cursor, and if the salary is greater than 15,000 and the hire date is greater than 01-FEB-1988, display the employee name, salary, and hire date in the window.
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DECLARE CURSOR EMP_CUR IS SELECT V_SAL BEGIN OPEN EMP_CUR; FETCH EMP_CUR INTO V_ENAME,V_SAL,V_HIREDATE; WHILE EMP_CUR%FOUND LOOP IF V_SAL > 15000 AND V_HIREDATE >= YYYY') THEN TO_DATE('01-FEB-1988','DD-MONlast_name,salary,hire_date FROM EMPLOYEES; NUMBER(7,2); V_ENAME VARCHAR2(25); V_HIREDATE DATE;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (V_ENAME || ' earns ' || TO_CHAR(V_SAL)|| ' and joined the organization on ' || TO_DATE(V_HIREDATE,'DD-Mon-YYYY')); END IF; FETCH EMP_CUR INTO V_ENAME,V_SAL,V_HIREDATE; END LOOP; CLOSE EMP_CUR; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 10

Part A: Additional Practice 11 Solutions

BINARY_INTEGER :=0; WHERE employee_id < 115; V_COUNT NUMBER := 15;

CURSOR C_Namedept IS SELECT last_name,department_id from employees

BEGIN FOR emprec in C_Namedept LOOP i := i +1; V_Tename(i) := emprec.last_name; V_Tdept(i) := emprec.department_id; END LOOP; FOR i IN 1..v_count LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Employee Name: ' || V_Tename(i) || ' Department_id: ' || V_Tdept(i)); END LOOP; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 11

Part A: Additional Practice 12 Solutions

12. a. Create a PL/SQL block that declares a cursor called DATE_CUR. Pass a parameter of DATE data type to the cursor and print the details of all employees who have joined after that date. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DEFINE P_HIREDATE = 08-MAR-00

b. Test the PL/SQL block for the following hire dates: 08-MAR-00, 25-JUN-97, 28-SEP-98, 07-FEB-99.
DECLARE CURSOR DATE_CURSOR(JOIN_DATE DATE) IS SELECT employee_id,last_name,hire_date FROM employees WHERE HIRE_DATE >JOIN_DATE ; V_EMPNO V_ENAME employees.employee_id%TYPE; employees.last_name%TYPE; V_HIREDATE employees.hire_date%TYPE; V_DATE employees.hire_date%TYPE := BEGIN OPEN DATE_CURSOR(V_DATE); LOOP FETCH DATE_CURSOR INTO V_EMPNO,V_ENAME,V_HIREDATE; EXIT WHEN DATE_CURSOR%NOTFOUND; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (V_EMPNO || ' ' || V_ENAME || ' ' || V_HIREDATE); END LOOP; END; / SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF; '&P_HIREDATE';

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 12

Part A: Additional Practice 13 Solutions

13. Create a PL/SQL block to promote clerks who earn more than 3,000 to SR. CLERK and increase their salary by 10%. Use the EMP table for this practice. Verify the results by querying on the EMP table.
Hint: Use a cursor with FOR UPDATE and CURRENT OF syntax. DECLARE CURSOR C_Senior_Clerk IS SELECT employee_id,job_id FROM emp WHERE job_id = 'ST_CLERK' AND salary > 3000 FOR UPDATE OF job_id; BEGIN FOR V_Emrec IN C_Senior_Clerk LOOP UPDATE emp SET job_id = 'ST_CLERK', salary = 1.1 * salary WHERE CURRENT OF C_Senior_Clerk; END LOOP; COMMIT; END; / SELECT * FROM emp;

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 13

Part A: Additional Practice 14 Solutions 14. a. For the exercise below, you will require a table to store the results. You can create the ANALYSIS table yourself or run the labAp_14a.sql script that creates the table for you. Create a table called ANALYSIS with the following three columns:

Column Name Key Type Nulls/Unique FK Table FK Column Datatype Length

ENAME

YEARS

SAL

VARCHAR2 20

Number 2

Number 8,2

CREATE TABLE analysis (ename Varchar2(20), years Number(2), sal Number(8,2));

b. Create a PL/SQL block to populate the ANALYSIS table with the information from the EMPLOYEES table. Use an iSQL*Plus substitution variable to store an employees last name. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DEFINE P_ENAME = Austin c. Query the EMPLOYEES table to find if the number of years that the employee has been with the organization is greater than five, and if the salary is less than 3,500, raise an exception. Handle the exception with an appropriate exception handler that inserts the following values into the ANALYSIS table: employee last name, number of years of service, and the current salary. Otherwise display Not due for a raise in the window. Verify the results by querying the ANALYSIS table. Test the PL/SQL block.
DECLARE DUE_FOR_RAISE EXCEPTION; V_HIREDATE EMPLOYEES.HIRE_DATE%TYPE; V_ENAME EMPLOYEES.LAST_NAME%TYPE := INITCAP( '& P_ENAME'); V_SAL EMPLOYEES.SALARY%TYPE; V_YEARS NUMBER(2);

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 14

Part A: Additional Practice 14 Solutions (continued) BEGIN SELECT LAST_NAME,SALARY,HIRE_DATE INTO V_ENAME,V_SAL,V_HIREDATE FROM employees WHERE last_name = V_ENAME; V_YEARS := MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,V_HIREDATE)/12; IF V_SAL < 3500 AND V_YEARS > 5 THEN RAISE DUE_FOR_RAISE; ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Not due for a raise'); END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN DUE_FOR_RAISE THEN INSERT INTO ANALYSIS(ENAME,YEARS,SAL) VALUES (V_ENAME,V_YEARS,V_SAL); END; /

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 15

Part A: Additional Practice 15 Solutions 15. In this practice, create a program to add a new job into the JOBS table.

Create a stored procedure called ADD_JOBS to enter a new order into the JOBS table. The procedure should accept three parameters. The first and second parameters supplies a job ID and a job title. The third parameter supplies the minimum salary. Use the maximum salary for the new job as twice the minimum salary supplied for the job ID. CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_jobs (p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%TYPE, p_jobtitle IN jobs.job_title%TYPE, p_minsal IN jobs.min_salary%TYPE ) IS v_maxsal jobs.max_salary%TYPE; BEGIN v_maxsal := 2 * p_minsal; INSERT INTO jobs (job_id, job_title, min_salary, max_salary) VALUES (p_jobid, p_jobtitle, p_minsal, v_maxsal); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Added the following row into the JOBS table ...'); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (p_jobid || ' ' || p_jobtitle || ' '|| p_minsal || ' ' || v_maxsal); END add_jobs; /

b. Disable the trigger SECURE_EMPLOYEES before invoking the procedure. Invoke the procedure to add a new job with job ID SY_ANAL, job title System Analyst, and minimum salary of 6,000.
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON ALTER TRIGGER secure_employees DISABLE; EXECUTE add_jobs ('SY_ANAL', 'System Analyst', 6000)

Verify that a row was added and remember the new job ID for use in the next exercise. Commit the changes. SELECT * FROM jobs WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL';

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 16

Part A: Additional Practice 16 Solutions 16. In this practice, create a program to add a new row to the JOB_HISTORY table, for an existing employee. Note: Disable all triggers on the EMPLOYEES, JOBS, and JOB_HISTORY tables before invoking the procedure in part b. Enable all these triggers after executing the procedure.

Create a stored procedure called ADD_JOB_HIST to enter a new row into the JOB_HISTORY table for an employee who is changing his job to the new job ID that you created in question 15b. Use the employee ID of the employee who is changing the job and the new job ID for the employee as parameters. Obtain the row corresponding to this employee ID from the EMPLOYEES table and insert it into the JOB_HISTORY table. Make hire date of this employee as start date and today's date as end date for this row in the JOB_HISTORY table.

Change the hire date of this employee in the EMPLOYEES table to today's date. Update the job ID of this employee to the job ID passed as parameter (Use the job ID of the job created in question 15b) and salary equal to minimum salary for that job ID + 500. Include exception handling to handle an attempt to insert a nonexistent employee. CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_job_hist (p_empid IN employees.employee_id%TYPE, p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%TYPE) IS BEGIN INSERT INTO job_history SELECT employee_id, hire_date, SYSDATE, job_id, department_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_empid; UPDATE employees SET hire_date = SYSDATE, job_id = p_jobid, salary = (SELECT min_salary+500 FROM jobs WHERE job_id = p_jobid) WHERE employee_id = p_empid; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Added employee ' ||p_empid|| ' details to the JOB_HISTORY table'); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Updated current job of employee ' ||p_empid|| ' to '|| p_jobid); EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'Employee does not exist!'); END add_job_hist; /

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 17

Part A: Additional Practice 16 Solutions (continued)

b. Disable triggers. (See the note at the beginning of this question.) Execute the procedure with employee ID 106 and job ID SY_ANAL as parameters. Enable the triggers that you disabled. ALTER TABLE employees DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS;
ALTER TABLE jobs DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS; ALTER TABLE job_history DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS; EXECUTE add_job_hist(106, 'SY_ANAL') ALTER TABLE employees ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS; ALTER TABLE jobs ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS; ALTER TABLE job_history ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS;

c. Query the tables to view your changes, and then commit the changes.
SELECT * FROM job_history WHERE employee_id = 106; SELECT job_id, salary FROM WHERE employee_id = 106; employees

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 18

Part A: Additional Practice 17 Solutions 17. In this practice, create a program to update the minimum and maximum salaries for a job in the JOBS table. a. Create a stored procedure called UPD_SAL to update the minimum and maximum salaries for a specific job ID in the JOBS table.

Pass three parameters to the procedure: the job ID, a new minimum salary, and a new maximum salary for the job. Add exception handling to account for an invalid job ID in the JOBS table. Also, raise an exception if the maximum salary supplied is less than the minimum salary. Provide an appropriate message that will be displayed if the row in the JOBS table is locked and cannot be changed. CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE upd_sal (p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%type, p_minsal IN jobs.min_salary%type, p_maxsal IN jobs.max_salary%type) IS v_dummy VARCHAR2(1); e_resource_busy EXCEPTION; sal_error EXCEPTION; PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (e_resource_busy , -54); BEGIN IF (p_maxsal < p_minsal) THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ERROR. MAX SAL SHOULD BE > MIN SAL'); RAISE sal_error; END IF; SELECT '' INTO v_dummy FROM jobs WHERE job_id = p_jobid FOR UPDATE OF min_salary NOWAIT; UPDATE jobs SET min_salary = p_minsal, max_salary = p_maxsal WHERE job_id = p_jobid; EXCEPTION WHEN e_resource_busy THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'Job information is currently locked, try later.'); WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'This job ID does not exist'); WHEN sal_error THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001,'Data error..Max salary should be more than min salary'); END upd_sal; /

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 19

Part A: Additional Practice 17 and 18 Solutions b. Execute the procedure. You can use the following data to test your procedure: Note: Disable triggers SALARY_CHECK and AUDIT_EMP_VALUES, if you get an error while executing the second EXECUTE statement. EXECUTE upd_sal('SY_ANAL', 7000, 140) (This statement should raise an exception.)

EXECUTE upd_sal('SY_ANAL', 7000,14000) (This statement should be successful.)

c. Query the JOBS table to view your changes, and then commit the changes. SELECT * FROM jobs WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL';

18. In this practice, create a procedure to monitor whether employees have exceeded their average salary limits. a. Add a column to the EMPLOYEES table by executing the following command: (labaddA_18.sql) ALTER TABLE employees ADD (sal_limit_indicate VARCHAR2(3) DEFAULT 'NO' CONSTRAINT emp_sallimit_ck CHECK (sal_limit_indicate IN ('YES', 'NO'))); b. Write a stored procedure called CHECK_AVG_SAL which checks each employee's average salary limit from the JOBS table against the salary that this employee has in the EMPLOYEES table and updates the SAL_LIMIT_INDICATE column in the EMPLOYEES table when this employee has exceeded his or her average salary limit. Create a cursor to hold employee IDs, salaries, and their average salary limit. Find the average salary limit possible for an employee's job from the JOBS table. Compare the average salary limit possible per employee to their salary and if the salary is more than the average salary limit, set the employee's SAL_LIMIT_INDICATE column to YES; otherwise, set it to NO. Add exception handling to account for a record being locked.

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 20

Part A: Additional Practice 18 Solutions (continued) CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE check_avg_sal IS v_avg_sal NUMBER; CURSOR emp_sal_cur IS SELECT employee_id, job_id, salary FROM employees FOR UPDATE; e_resource_busy EXCEPTION; PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(e_resource_busy, -54); BEGIN FOR r_emp IN emp_sal_cur LOOP SELECT (max_salary + min_salary)/2 INTO v_avg_sal FROM jobs WHERE jobs.job_id = r_emp.job_id; IF r_emp.salary >= v_avg_sal THEN UPDATE employees SET sal_limit_indicate = 'YES' WHERE CURRENT OF emp_sal_cur; ELSE UPDATE employees SET sal_limit_indicate = 'NO' WHERE employee_id = r_emp.employee_id; END IF; END LOOP; EXCEPTION WHEN e_resource_busy THEN ROLLBACK; RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'Record is busy, try later.'); END check_avg_sal; /

Execute the procedure, and then test the results. EXECUTE check_avg_sal Query the EMPLOYEES table to view your modifications, and then commit the changes.
SELECT FROM WHERE AND e.job_id, j.min_salary, e.salary, j.max_salary employees e, jobs j e.job_id = j.job_id employee_id = 106;

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 21

Part A: Additional Practice 19 Solutions 19. Create a program to retrieve the number of years of service for a specific employee. a. Create a stored function called GET_SERVICE_YRS to retrieve the total number of years of service for a specific employee. The function should accept the employee ID as a parameter and return the number of years of service. Add error handling to account for an invalid employee ID. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_service_yrs (p_empid IN employees.employee_id%TYPE) RETURN number IS CURSOR emp_yrs_cur IS SELECT (end_date - start_date)/365 service FROM job_history WHERE employee_id = p_empid; v_srvcyrs NUMBER(2) := 0; v_yrs NUMBER(2) := 0; BEGIN FOR r_yrs IN emp_yrs_cur LOOP EXIT WHEN emp_yrs_cur%NOTFOUND; v_srvcyrs := v_srvcyrs + r_yrs.service; END LOOP; SELECT (SYSDATE - hire_date) INTO v_yrs FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_empid; v_srvcyrs := v_srvcyrs + v_yrs; RETURN v_srvcyrs; EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20348, 'There is no employee with the specified ID'); END get_service_yrs; / b. Invoke the function. You can use the following data: EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(get_service_yrs(999))

EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Approximately .... ' || get_service_yrs(106) || ' years')

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 22

Part A: Additional Practice 19 Solutions (continued)

Query the JOB_HISTORY and EMPLOYEES tables for the specified employee to verify that the modifications are accurate. SELECT employee_id, job_id, (end_date-start_date)/365 duration FROM job_history;

SELECT job_id, (SYSDATE-hire_date)/365 duration FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 106;

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 23

Part A: Additional Practice 20 Solutions

20. a.

In this practice, create a program to retrieve the number of different jobs that an employee worked during his or her service. Create a stored function called GET_JOB_COUNT to retrieve the total number of different jobs on which employee worked.

The function should accept one parameter to hold the employee ID. The function will return the number of different jobs that employee worked until now. This also includes the present job. Add exception handling to account for an invalid employee ID. Hint: Verify distinct job IDs from the Job_history table. Verify whether the current job ID is one of the job IDs on which the employee worked. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_job_count (p_empid IN employees.employee_id%TYPE) RETURN NUMBER IS v_currjob employees.job_id%TYPE; v_numjobs NUMBER := 0; n NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT job_id) INTO v_numjobs FROM job_history WHERE employee_id = p_empid; SELECT COUNT(job_id) INTO n FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_empid AND job_id IN (SELECT DISTINCT job_id FROM job_history WHERE employee_id = p_empid); IF (n = 0) THEN -- The current job is not one of the previous jobs v_numjobs := v_numjobs + 1; END IF; RETURN v_numjobs; EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20348, 'This employee does not exist!'); END get_job_count; /

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 24

Part A: Additional Practice 20 and 21 Solutions b. Invoke the function. You can use the following data: EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee worked on ' || get_job_count(176) || ' different jobs.')

21.

Create a package specification and body called EMP_JOB_PKG that contains your ADD_JOBS, ADD_JOB_HIST, and UPD_SAL procedures, as well as your GET_SERVICE_YRS function. a. Make all the constructs public. Consider whether you still need the stand-alone procedures and functions you just packaged. CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE emp_job_pkg IS PROCEDURE add_jobs (p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%TYPE, p_jobtitle IN jobs.job_title%TYPE, p_minsal IN jobs.min_salary%TYPE ); PROCEDURE add_job_hist (p_empid IN employees.employee_id%TYPE, p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%TYPE); PROCEDURE upd_sal (p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%type, p_minsal IN jobs.min_salary%type, p_maxsal IN jobs.max_salary%type); FUNCTION get_service_yrs (p_empid IN employees.employee_id%TYPE) RETURN NUMBER; END emp_job_pkg; / CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY emp_job_pkg IS PROCEDURE add_jobs (p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%TYPE, p_jobtitle IN jobs.job_title%TYPE, p_minsal IN jobs.min_salary%TYPE ) IS v_maxsal jobs.max_salary%TYPE; BEGIN v_maxsal := 2 * p_minsal; INSERT INTO jobs (job_id, job_title, min_salary, max_salary) VALUES (p_jobid, p_jobtitle, p_minsal, v_maxsal); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Added the following row into the JOBS table ...'); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (p_jobid||' '||p_jobtitle||' '||p_minsal||' '||v_maxsal); END add_jobs;
Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 25

Part A: Additional Practice 21 Solutions (continued) PROCEDURE add_job_hist (p_empid IN employees.employee_id%TYPE, p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%TYPE) IS BEGIN INSERT INTO job_history SELECT employee_id, hire_date, SYSDATE, job_id, department_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_empid; UPDATE employees SET hire_date = SYSDATE, job_id = p_jobid, salary = (SELECT min_salary+500 FROM jobs WHERE job_id = p_jobid) WHERE employee_id = p_empid; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Added employee ' ||p_empid|| ' details to the JOB_HISTORY table'); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Updated current job of employee ' || p_empid || ' to ' || p_jobid); EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'Employee does not exist!'); END add_job_hist; PROCEDURE upd_sal (p_jobid IN jobs.job_id%type, p_minsal IN jobs.min_salary%type, p_maxsal IN jobs.max_salary%type) IS v_dummy VARCHAR2(1); e_resource_busy EXCEPTION; sal_error EXCEPTION; PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (e_resource_busy , -54); BEGIN IF (p_maxsal < p_minsal) THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ERROR..MAX SAL SHOULD BE > MIN SAL'); RAISE sal_error; END IF; SELECT '' INTO v_dummy FROM jobs WHERE job_id = p_jobid FOR UPDATE OF min_salary NOWAIT; UPDATE jobs SET min_salary = p_minsal, max_salary = p_maxsal WHERE job_id = p_jobid; EXCEPTION WHEN e_resource_busy THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'Job information is currently locked, try later.'); WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'This job ID doesn't exist'); WHEN sal_error THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001,'Data error..Max salary should be more than min salary'); END upd_sal;

Oracle9i: Program with PL/SQL - Additional Practice Solutions - 26

Part A: Additional Practice 21 Solutions (continued) FUNCTION get_service_yrs (p_empid IN employees.employee_id%TYPE) RETURN number IS CURSOR emp_yrs_cur IS SELECT (end_date - start_date)/365 service FROM job_history WHERE employee_id = p_empid; v_srvcyrs NUMBER(2) := 0; v_yrs NUMBER(2) := 0; BEGIN FOR r_yrs IN emp_yrs_cur LOOP EXIT WHEN emp_yrs_cur%NOTFOUND; v_srvcyrs := v_srvcyrs + r_yrs.service; END LOOP; SELECT (SYSDATE - hire_date) INTO v_yrs FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_empid; v_srvcyrs := v_srvcyrs + v_yrs; RETURN v_srvcyrs; EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20348, 'There is no employee with the specified ID'); END get_service_yrs; END / emp_job_pkg;

b. Disable all the triggers before invoking the procedure and enable them after invoking the procedure, as suggested in question 16b. Invoke your ADD_JOBS procedure to create a new job with ID PR_MAN, job title Public Relations Manager, and salary of 6,250. Invoke your ADD_JOB_HIST procedure to modify the job of employee with employee ID 110 to job ID PR_MAN.
Hint: All of the above calls to the functions should be successful. EXECUTE emp_job_pkg.add_jobs ('PR_MAN', 'Public Relations Manager', 6250) EXECUTE emp_job_pkg.add_job_hist(110, 'PR_MAN')

Query the JOBS, JOB_HISTORY, and EMPLOYEES tables to verify the results.
SELECT * FROM jobs WHERE job_id = 'PR_MAN'; SELECT * FROM job_history WHERE employee_id = 110; SELECT job_id, salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 110;

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Part A: Additional Practice 22 Solutions 22. In this practice, use an Oracle-supplied package to schedule your GET_JOB_COUNT function to run semiannually.

Create an anonymous block to call the DBMS_JOB Oracle-supplied package. Invoke the package function DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT and pass the following four parameters: a variable to hold the job number, the name of the subprogram you want to submit, SYSDATE as the date when the job will run, and an interval of ADDMONTHS(SYSDATE , 6) for semiannual submission.
DECLARE v_job USER_JOBS.job%TYPE; BEGIN DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT ( v_job, 'BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (get_job_count(110)); END; ', SYSDATE, 'ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, 6)'); DBMS_JOB.RUN(v_job); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('JOB: '|| v_job || ' COMPLETED AT - ' || SYSDATE); END; /

Note: To force the job to run immediately, call DBMS_JOB.RUN(your_job_number) after calling DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT. This executes the job waiting in the queue.

Execute the anonymous block.

b. Check your results by querying the EMPLOYEES and JOB_HISTORY tables and querying the USER_JOBS dictionary view to see the status of your job submission.
SELECT job, what, schema_user, last_date, next_date, interval FROM USER_JOBS;

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Part A: Additional Practice 23 Solutions

23. a.

In this practice, create a trigger to ensure that the job ID of any new employee being hired to department 80 (the Sales department) is a sales manager or representative. Disable all the previously created triggers as discussed in question 16b. ALTER TABLE employees DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS;
ALTER TABLE jobs DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS; ALTER TABLE job_history DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS;

b. Create a trigger called CHK_SALES_JOB. Fire the trigger before every row that is changed after insertions and updates to the JOB_ID column in the EMPLOYEES table. Check that the new employee has a job ID of SA_MAN or SA_REP in the EMPLOYEES table. Add exception handling and provide an appropriate message so that the update fails if the new job ID is not that of a sales manager or representative. CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER chk_sales_job BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF job_id ON employees FOR EACH ROW DECLARE e_invalid_sales_job EXCEPTION; BEGIN IF :new.department_id = 80 THEN IF (:new.job_id NOT IN ( 'SA_MAN' , 'SA_REP')) THEN RAISE e_invalid_sales_job; END IF; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN e_invalid_sales_job THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20444, 'This employee in department 80 should be a Sales Manager or Sales Rep!'); END chk_sales_job; /

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Part A: Additional Practice 23 Solutions (continued)

Test the trigger. You can use the following data: UPDATE employees SET job_id = 'AD_VP' WHERE employee_id = 106;
UPDATE employees SET job_id = 'AD_VP' WHERE employee_id = 179; UPDATE employees SET job_id = 'SA_MAN' WHERE employee_id = 179; Hint: The middle statement should produce the error message specified in your trigger.

Query the EMPLOYEES table to view the changes. Commit the changes.
SELECT job_id, department_id, salary FROM WHERE employees employee_id = 179;

Enable all the triggers previously that you disabled, as discussed in question 16b. ALTER TABLE employees ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS;
ALTER TABLE jobs ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS; ALTER TABLE job_history ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS;

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Part A: Additional Practice 24 Solutions 24. In this practice, create a trigger to ensure that the minimum and maximum salaries of a job are never modified such that the salary of an existing employee with that job ID is out of the new range specified for the job. a. Create a trigger called CHECK_SAL_RANGE. Fire the trigger before every row that is changed when data is updated in the MIN_SALARY and MAX_SALARY columns in the JOBS table. For any minimum or maximum salary value that is changed, check that the salary of any existing employee with that job ID in the EMPLOYEES table falls within the new range of salaries specified for this job ID. Include exception handling to cover a salary range change that affects the record of any existing employee. CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER check_sal_range BEFORE UPDATE OF min_salary, max_salary ON jobs FOR EACH ROW DECLARE v_minsal employees.salary%TYPE; v_maxsal employees.salary%TYPE; e_invalid_salrange EXCEPTION; BEGIN SELECT MIN(salary), MAX(salary) INTO v_minsal, v_maxsal FROM employees WHERE job_id = :NEW.job_id; IF (v_minsal < :NEW.min_salary)OR(v_maxsal > :NEW.max_salary) THEN RAISE e_invalid_salrange; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN e_invalid_salrange THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20550, 'There are employees whose salary is out of the specified range. Can not update with the specified salary range.'); END check_sal_range; /

b. Test the trigger. You can use the following data: SELECT * FROM jobs WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL'; SELECT employee_id, job_id, salary FROM employees WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL'; UPDATE jobs SET min_salary = 5000, max_salary = 7000 WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL'; UPDATE jobs SET min_salary = 7000, max_salary = 18000 WHERE job_id = 'SY_ANAL';

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Part B: Additional Practice 1 Solutions 1. Run the script buildvid1.sql to create all of the required tables and sequences needed for this exercise.

Run the script buildvid2.sql to populate all the tables created through by the script buildvid1.sql

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Part B: Additional Practice 2 Solutions 2. Create a package named VIDEO with the following procedures and functions:

NEW_MEMBER: A public procedure that adds a new member to the MEMBER table. For the member ID number, use the sequence MEMBER_ID_SEQ; for the join date, use SYSDATE. Pass all other values to be inserted into a new row as parameters. b. NEW_RENTAL: An overloaded public function to record a new rental. Pass the title ID number for the video that a customer wants to rent and either the customers last name or his member ID number into the function. The function should return the due date for the video. Due dates are three days from the date the video is rented. If the status for a movie requested is listed as AVAILABLE in the TITLE_COPY table for one copy of this title, then update this TITLE_COPY table and set the status to RENTED. If there is no copy available, the function must return NULL. Then, insert a new record into the RENTAL table identifying the booked date as today's date, the copy ID number, the member ID number, the title ID number and the expected return date. Be aware of multiple customers with the same last name. In this case, have the function return NULL, and display a list of the customers' names that match and their ID numbers. c. RETURN_MOVIE: A public procedure that updates the status of a video (available, rented, or damaged) and sets the return date. Pass the title ID, the copy ID and the status to this procedure. Check whether there are reservations for that title, and display a message if it is reserved. Update the RENTAL table and set the actual return date to todays date. Update the status in the TITLE_COPY table based on the status parameter passed into the procedure. d. RESERVE_MOVIE: A private procedure that executes only if all of the video copies requested in the NEW_RENTAL procedure have a status of RENTED. Pass the member ID number and the title ID number to this procedure. Insert a new record into the RESERVATION table and record the reservation date, member ID number, and title ID number. Print out a message indicating that a movie is reserved and its expected date of return. e. EXCEPTION_HANDLER: A private procedure that is called from the exception handler of the public programs. Pass the SQLCODE number to this procedure, and the name of the program (as a text string) where the error occurred. Use RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR to raise a customized error. Start with a unique key violation (-1) and foreign key violation (-2292). Allow the exception handler to raise a generic error for any other errors.

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Part B: Additional Practice 2 Solutions

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE video IS PROCEDURE new_member (p_lname IN member.last_name%TYPE, p_fname IN member.first_name%TYPE p_address IN member.address%TYPE p_city IN member.city%TYPE p_phone IN member.phone%TYPE FUNCTION new_rental (p_member_id IN rental.member_id%TYPE, p_title_id IN rental.title_id%TYPE) RETURN DATE; FUNCTION new_rental (p_member_name IN member.last_name%TYPE, p_title_id IN rental.title_id%TYPE) RETURN DATE; PROCEDURE return_movie (p_title_id IN rental.title_id%TYPE, p_copy_id IN rental.copy_id%TYPE, p_status IN title_copy.status%TYPE); END video; /

DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT

NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

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Part B: Additional Practice 2 Solutions (continued)

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY video IS /* PRIVATE PROGRAMS */ PROCEDURE exception_handler (p_code IN NUMBER, p_context IN VARCHAR2) IS BEGIN IF p_code = -1 THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'The number is assigned to this member is already in use, try again.'); ELSIF p_code = -2291 THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, p_context || ' has attempted to use a foreign key value that is invalid'); ELSE RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20999, 'Unhandled error in ' || p_context || '. Please contact your application administrator with the following information: ' || CHR(13) || SQLERRM); END IF; END exception_handler; PROCEDURE reserve_movie (p_member_id IN reservation.member_id%TYPE, p_title_id IN reservation.title_id%TYPE) IS CURSOR rented_cur IS SELECT exp_ret_date FROM rental WHERE title_id = p_title_id AND act_ret_date IS NULL; BEGIN INSERT INTO reservation (res_date, member_id, title_id) VALUES(SYSDATE, p_member_id, p_title_id); COMMIT; FOR rented_rec IN rented_cur LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Movie reserved. Expected back on: ' || rented_rec.exp_ret_date); EXIT WHEN rented_cur%found; END LOOP; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN exception_handler(SQLCODE, 'RESERVE_MOVIE'); END reserve_movie;

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Part B: Additional Practice 2 Solutions (continued) /* PUBLIC PROGRAMS */

PROCEDURE return_movie (p_title_id IN rental.title_id%TYPE, p_copy_id IN rental.copy_id%TYPE, p_status IN title_copy.status%TYPE) IS v_dummy VARCHAR2(1); CURSOR res_cur IS SELECT * FROM reservation WHERE title_id = p_title_id; BEGIN SELECT '' INTO v_dummy FROM title WHERE title_id = p_title_id; UPDATE rental SET act_ret_date = SYSDATE WHERE title_id = p_title_id AND copy_id = p_copy_id AND act_ret_date IS NULL; UPDATE title_copy SET status = UPPER(p_status) WHERE title_id = p_title_id AND copy_id = p_copy_id; FOR res_rec IN res_cur LOOP IF res_cur%FOUND THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Put this movie on hold -- '|| 'reserved by member #' || res_rec.member_id); END if; END LOOP; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN exception_handler(SQLCODE, 'RETURN_MOVIE'); END return_movie;

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Part B: Additional Practice 2 Solutions (continued) /* PUBLIC PROGRAMS */

FUNCTION new_rental (p_member_id IN rental.member_id%TYPE, p_title_id IN rental.title_id%TYPE) RETURN DATE IS CURSOR copy_cur IS SELECT * FROM title_copy WHERE title_id = p_title_id FOR UPDATE; v_flag BOOLEAN := FALSE; BEGIN FOR copy_rec IN copy_cur LOOP IF copy_rec.status = 'AVAILABLE' THEN UPDATE title_copy SET status = 'RENTED' WHERE CURRENT OF copy_cur; INSERT INTO rental(book_date, copy_id, member_id, title_id, exp_ret_date) VALUES(SYSDATE, copy_rec.copy_id, p_member_id, p_title_id, SYSDATE + 3); v_flag := TRUE; EXIT; END IF; END LOOP; COMMIT; IF v_flag THEN RETURN (SYSDATE + 3); ELSE reserve_movie(p_member_id, p_title_id); RETURN NULL; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN exception_handler(SQLCODE, 'NEW_RENTAL'); END new_rental;

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Part B: Additional Practice 2 Solutions (continued) /* PUBLIC PROGRAMS */ FUNCTION new_rental (p_member_name IN member.last_name%TYPE, p_title_id IN rental.title_id%TYPE) RETURN DATE IS CURSOR copy_cur IS SELECT * FROM title_copy WHERE title_id = p_title_id FOR UPDATE; v_flag BOOLEAN := FALSE; p_member_id member.member_id%TYPE; CURSOR member_cur IS SELECT member_id, last_name, first_name FROM member WHERE LOWER(last_name) = LOWER(p_member_name) ORDER BY last_name, first_name; BEGIN SELECT member_id INTO p_member_id FROM member WHERE lower(last_name) = lower(p_member_name); FOR copy_rec IN copy_cur LOOP IF copy_rec.status = 'AVAILABLE' THEN UPDATE title_copy SET status = 'RENTED' WHERE CURRENT OF copy_cur; INSERT INTO rental (book_date, copy_id, member_id, title_id, exp_ret_date) VALUES (SYSDATE, copy_rec.copy_id, p_member_id, p_title_id, SYSDATE + 3); v_flag := TRUE; EXIT; END IF; END LOOP; COMMIT; IF v_flag THEN RETURN(SYSDATE + 3); ELSE reserve_movie(p_member_id, p_title_id); RETURN NULL; END IF;

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Part B: Additional Practice 2 Solutions (continued) /* NEW RENTAL CONTINUED FROM PRIOR PAGE */ EXCEPTION WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'Warning! More than one member by this name.'); FOR member_rec IN member_cur LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(member_rec.member_id || CHR(9) || member_rec.last_name || ', ' || member_rec.first_name); END LOOP; RETURN NULL; WHEN OTHERS THEN exception_handler(SQLCODE, 'NEW_RENTAL'); END new_rental;

PROCEDURE new_member (p_lname IN member.last_name%TYPE, p_fname IN member.first_name%TYPE DEFAULT NULL, p_address IN member.address%TYPE DEFAULT NULL, p_city IN member.city%TYPE DEFAULT NULL, p_phone IN member.phone%TYPE DEFAULT NULL) IS BEGIN INSERT INTO member(member_id, last_name, first_name, address, city, phone, join_date) VALUES(member_id_seq.NEXTVAL, p_lname, p_fname, p_address, p_city, p_phone, SYSDATE); COMMIT; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN exception_handler(SQLCODE, 'NEW_MEMBER'); END new_member; END video; /

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Part B: Additional Practice 3 Solutions

b. Create a trigger on each of the five tables. Fire the trigger before data is inserted, updated, and deleted from the tables. Call your TIME_CHECK procedure from each of these triggers. c. Test your trigger.
Note: In order for your trigger to fail, you need to change the time to be outside the range of your current time in class. For example, while testing, you may want valid video hours in your trigger to be from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE time_check IS BEGIN IF ((TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'D') BETWEEN 1 AND 6) AND (TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'hh24:mi'), 'hh24:mi') NOT BETWEEN TO_DATE('08:00', 'hh24:mi') AND TO_DATE('22:00', 'hh24:mi'))) OR ((TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'D') = 7) AND (TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'hh24:mi'), 'hh24:mi') NOT BETWEEN TO_DATE('08:00', 'hh24:mi') AND TO_DATE('24:00', 'hh24:mi'))) THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20999, 'Data changes restricted to office hours.'); END IF; END time_check; /

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Part B: Additional Practice 3 Solutions (continued)

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE BEGIN time_check; END; / CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE BEGIN time_check; END; / CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE BEGIN time_check; END; / CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE BEGIN time_check; END; / CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE BEGIN time_check; END; /