%'

%& ! "#
!$
 
 

  
 
 


&
$%" # !


%
() *+,'
01 -21/*- .

[email protected]53 34+

-36

+%!%!
"# $!%&' ( )!%# *  


$8 $ 7  06 5  &1 2 3# 4/!%
)
 / (0*,-.
#/>?<!=##100; !%%0&'.: 
+* 9)/09(

+* 9 )4 -0; 
A4 %- @!%!
"06
 $FI/  H* 
(,1,G* 
FED!%? C!!%9%
 3 B$%
OFI/ HKLGN 
09%8M
/ (0KL+*$!FJ
R $!'  0?$4 /+ #N)%PK/Q!$'K @NM,? 
N,0?$
 &1!%K=
!%NM,?$$
/!%PK/Q!?$@>!%'K ?$&)S
#T 3#U $N'0
$9)I
I,H0*
(V%$L!%
* 
+* * '"4/
4A
 )XY ; !Z/ $Rb/Sr*M' !% 9%N +* %/WNM'0?I/ ?
 0?Rb/Sr*M'@0; 4/!%;!Z/?%>%$
* 
 09%
* $ 09%+!&'NA?M,$RK" 
09%4/[,@* 4/A
# !%\ ]! B04/
^! +9)I

.!A\]Z0IN' V%$L!%
+% )9/%
.!A*$!$*$0; !%Z/9
0#

<!$B!%#(!<!=#Z/%$@
#!%Z$\]!B0%$
0 )@# /!`; KA_$ !%R $PK/Q!?$P/?0
0$

c

 a
Ha !%!
.! AZ IN' P/!b7 N7#N'0
+

?
/$
)@
.!AZ@* 
@
578- 

%

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .

=/01 >6  < (6

N  * #
 T, :7 4 $

9

* <- (16 G*  N 


V<DE<W @

  ' "(6 789 #:$  ;533 /01

>6<Z T4YX#3( 66NH( N*S5

 '" < '"- ($  ' " <

\  1< [ ;533 /01 (13 * I-

"19* )?&=/01>64$(,


* ^13
  - V< - #)< #<] #36

(3 34FDEC #3B$- (@A

#N13 #N M7N (, E,G D  *S5

=67 H=6I#@<H= , 53G 9=/01=@

4#3 #-R R<) - #-R #

9<

M6 =67 * 3-  4#3  ) KL ;J =@

`/ *S5 * < @ _[< (6

N  * ;P

/01 =@  ) ?? ;J =@ (3 3  9

4Y?X#3= 3 ,G* - DE<(a

-P=/01>64#36NOI;533
4 @(

 *QJ#)(7  )
1@
)  (2R9 ;533 /01
=- D!N ;
  =) #3 *S5 H( 5<G


YX;533/01=@(3 3* -(6

789#:$HDE

%?

%& ! "#
!$
 
 
(3-7   (3 1>
   `c@  F%''' W

 (@A H($ 1@

) >6 (,
 

4

bcF @( 3D!NM6=)C 1E<D!N

e @3 - ^13 F(6 

2+C * =
 6R< 4n

D!N >6  (,
 = I * ^13 41)(


Ni, Bi, Sb, Mo, Cu, Pb, a 1 *@ *= l-

MG 
 =@ #1  .3  @ 6 #N@  

Aqua C (  3 g-   5 3 @ As, Hg, Zn

>, !6) * MG - #6]6 - M6+Q.

(
< "o9   3 @ Au - ICP-AR FRegia

>6 * #6]6  9 * D!7 41 @(



41,6) M#)_3<



bc ^13 >6 *@  > d ) >3 =/01

R8,   D!N 1@
) >6  (@19  41)(


@?
@ / =>< *

e @3 D!N>6(@19= I 4#3=-

9%1A+.


 )  D!N >6 4 g !N <) - +f

>@-P @Gp7

\'''''=/k 3@
 @<( 5<G#T, :7=-- 1E<D!N-
h- ( 6[
16  N - < * !) l * V<
( 6oGq)< @^ 3*  N @-N


(
 * 6 # cr I->6*-4((

* V< ( 5<G * g@ s^53 * V<

#
3=@ 
 ) - 3h i#
3=@
j 4 @( d R8,   h  "A
* = <(D!N>669* #
 T, :7
4) =/019


9:;%

$ (.] V< - #6[

16 - ^ * !) l

* 3( ) - 3 ,G (3 1>  =/< =< 4

(E 3Q)-.* ^13 

@-Q4N(


4F\''''k /C

  N >6 4 

1l R ( 6oG  *  oN

- (7N- . e :, 0 *@ =

 #@ 4?

 Q)6+Q. * @ *- I - *7.

 #7 @ *

4*+,- .

_3-I q)< @ DE=
 < DEea =@

(6 
2+ e 7  ) *@ *@=
 4%

 ,G e-. - #33 #6) =@ ( N =) #3

4F*= l-e @3-(13* =


 C

 ^13>6t)>!)-.@4


- (a * !) *@ *S5 * < =6R< 4

 ^13 >6 1  4 ( 6) - (<-. u6

   5 3 @ V, Cr Co, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zra 1

 ( 33 =)  d37 M) * @ 

X, ; md7 #l 3C XRF   3 g-

 ^13>6#
!$>6<>2 .4#3DE<

- 11) =6R< ; !6)  =@ R Unique II

< Z
6R)  @ (7- (a a 1 6R<  E
1-Omac

%%

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .

D6- - +f l- ( 5<G * ^13



Nummulites. cf ,D!7 *- I (7< 6]

- ^6 @ >@ =6I #@< (@A ;

  <)

>32 @@ (13 =) (   perforatus

* 3- "A ;
 < i ;
  @Cy 

* =6]46
(bc#
!$>6*@( 

 9@ @( 5<G#T, :7>64(6


F=67

( 6 ^13 >6 Dl  u < =) (EG

(:3-u [! I  -h- ] (  cr 

Numulites cf globules,  * D!7-E * P

D@ $ 6 / #

 T, :7 >6   41)(; 8 

Discocylina sp, Operculina sp, Rotalia sp,

Amphistegina sp, Ditrupa sp, Miliolhda,
>32 ; : (13 =) #3 Nummulites sp,


 G *- ^  3 ( , @ *  N *=zIQ
41)(. 69



4(  <(12 .

( 5<G * #
 T, :7 ;vP >6lG

  *


(, E,G - #6 G >!)-.    >6 =@ w@

(1  (13 * I- * ;533 /01

l* @G;

* #6 G()<-#, @

(13* I-y/P<>6 {6 k 3@=)#3

- *7. ^13


>6 #7 @ 4 @(
 =I  i

| \  1< [ =) ) Z!/< = 3 n =@ <( 

 Q)6+Q.

* @ * - #3 *7.-N


H% y
 =
 *S5 * ^13 |?  V<

 ^13>6=1  1 !>6,-->!)-.-* @


16G7  Da I * ^13 H *S5 * ^13



>, E,G   d37 - Q)6+Q.  DE  ( ,-E



4M6Hn-3 ,G

4#3

/01 (@A ;
 - (@A * #
!$  58C
=@B

S5 @ >32  :@ Z!<

N 

4F? DEC #3  . V<  ;533

- ( 5<G * ^13


Dl =@ #66N

^ @ - 1 ! *3 q)< * V< >6

 @Gp7

I  R) - ;
  +f, . *-GSG


4(b

cVJ* ^13 >-R[3

R)  *S5 < >6<xR@ 4( bc

eS   4(

   *1@=6]
 V< >6

@-Q4
1l=-D!N;
=I 

(}:@  - #3  (


?  <Z) u [, A G

RN))#vR* E)* <>6



-(6G

*<xR@eSR #
!$


B0$  +f, . e @3 =1< * @G ;

 -

>6 4  V< (.]  #

!$ >6  <(


(,
  I;533-
))

4



*1< (7N.< * ;533 /01  `c@

>6 #3 ( N q)< * ( 66N <

#
!$>61<* q @y
* -#3

-*7.#7 @ @@


#()
 J=@ ^13

4(6


*  d37  Q)6+Q.  - 1 ! *=

  6
4DE<R<)-;[5GM3 .

%

%& ! "#
!$
 
 
=1   R<) / 41)( 8<  (

 <

`c@ ^13 >6 5FG 9 ?

 8E @D

=1  * @   43( a ' =@ ^13

k 3 @4 .


;533 /01 (:3-

e  ( ) 4 @(  (
 ''n  <M)u

[, A

>6 * ~ * =vc - (7N- . e :, 0

  ^13 >6  a % <  R =@ R

4ME5<=

3=3=@ ^13

/@  <6 ^13 >6 3 ,G 4(



 ^13 >6 5 %

 4I
 7H%
8
 

3 ,G 4#3 =/01 y

 =
 *S5 * ^13


4F? DEC (   =/01 (  * #

!$

>6 j  4 @(

 ( .-. R ^13 >6 q, A

=
 *S5 * ^13 6 3  ^13 >6 
1l

e-. =@ Q)6+Q. * @  (c@ 3 ,G

*7.
 ^13 >6 #7 @  4#3  @ =/01 y


^13>6BJ /=)*J=@#3 3N



(
u [6/<4#!6)17a' <%n-#3

4(   e-. a ' < n u [, A

6 (
 -  d37 (, E,G #!6)17 

* @ */ 3 ,G >6 j  >1



'K < '  G

    - 1 @( Q)6+Q.

=@ 

D6[< M. ( ) - #6) =@ ;[5G

 a n R =@ R<) 41)( 8<  (



^13>6u [, AR#6)a% <?=)*J

^13=1 * @ 


4(6^13=1

4(6


>6* ( )6 34#3 (

 ''n 
)u [, A





1l 5 %
 4)%
)1I
 7H%
8

e  ( ) - a n < ? R =@ ;[5G ^13

-$($(!3- ;
^13>6

q, A3 ,G 4 @(a |%R=@ FM.C

y
 =
 *S5 * ^13 
1l >6 E)

- #6) =@ ;[5G #3 M .-. ^13 >6

M) #U =@ 4F? DEC( "!P =/01

 4  ,G e-. =@  Q)6+Q.  (c@

G*7.#7 @^13>6* 

#!6)

17@


e-.a <%-#6)a? <h



^13>6^4#!bc(@l=@( 3=


4(  


^13>6

4(R6
 ^13 /@ ( I=@-#3<

\*7. #-R R<) 1[



R - #3 *7. #7 @ * ^13 >6

( 6 =/01 i ^13 >6 

1l

a Ln 43( a ' =@ G #!6)17

>-^ -*7.#7 @ @^13>6


4F? DEC

a n < ' 1 @( Q)6+Q. #!6)



17

#7 @ * ^13 >6 4( R6

 ^13 =/@ 

 #!6)17
 =/@ - 1 ! ;[5G * @ G

a n' =@ G #!6)17 R - #3 *7.



* @   41 @(  d37

 (, E,G * @


%n  Q)6+Q.

#!6)

17 a L' 43(


'L < '  #!6)17

- 1)( 8<  (


 #!6)

17 a n -  d37 (, E,G G a

41 @(  (

  '   E) =1   * @

'  #!6)17 * @   41 @(

 ;[5G


%n

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .

DE<  d37 (, E,G * @  (}:@ Dl 

4#3a -IR^13>6 e ( ) R

4#3

=
 *S5 * ^13 6  ^13 >6 3 ,G

DP 1  54 . K) 

 . 3>

M .-.3 ,Gj 4#3

)=/01 y


4
1l;533=/01(13I->6

( 3N    e-. a ? <  -I

;
 - (@A "19 #
!$  G >6<xR@


a  -I - #3  Da I  Q)6+Q.

R)R*<M)* 

<- $=/01

3 ,G =)(6^13>6R#6)



(, E,G4F? DEC

1l=/01i;
-

4#3Da I ;[5G



(6 ( !E * =/01 "A "19 #N

D  =/01 *S5 * ^13 5?

 8E @J

(N6->6- .m3_3< =)#3

M67N 1[

#N M67N (, E,G

  =/01 #N  (, E,G * < 6 3

*7. #-R R<) 1[ - #N

*;533 /01* #N (, E,G


4(



41 @(


(, E,G-R<)( )- -1 @(]N#7 @



^13 >6 \#N M67N 1[



( N - 53 G ^ 4 DE<  d37

 .  =/01 i "19 -  "19 #

!$

 @ ^13 >6 *[

 e :, 0 4 @(  (<a

- ]N ^13 >6 #7 @ 4F? DEC#3

(, E,G =) (

   M E,- " 3 * ^13

R<) d37* ( )*- I-#3M67N

^13 >6 (a #7 @ 41 @(  9 #N

;533 =/01  #
!$ >6 4 @( 1[ -

4 @(M67NG-#7 @

#3]N

-1@* =$G-#3>l

(7N.<*

#3 (
 'n_3 J=@G* @ 


>6  c * @

  4( 6 y
 * 

R<) a n -  d37(, E,G a nn  -

 <'n  G -e- 5 *  ^13

- 6M6BJ /(}:@( N4#3DE<

D ^13>6* ( )41)(8< (

  n

3 ,G 4(6M.( ) 6-;[5G@



(, E,G a %n QE6+Q. a %n R<)

03(2R9( 33=@-#3Z)^13>6

 e ( )-a &;[5Ga ?' d37

4(-P 

 d37(, E,G


^13 >6 q, A 3 ,G 4 @( a ? <



R=@  Q)6+Q.Gj=)#3M .-.

"
 >)> AM,8E@L

R ;[5GD6[<e-.=


@an <

(!3W @F;533/01C3 ,G16G7

4 D6[< #6) =@ a % < ? R =@

  (:3- * `c@  F(6+GC(3 - 

^13 >6  R  d37 (, E,G  ( 33

 `c@>6 ?DE4#3=/01* ^13

#33a % < ?=)*J=@( 



%L

%& ! "#
!$
 
 
i|;
|( [,G- #:$?DE4(

(!3- 
 - ( [,G -  M6+G -  *   @

=|@#[!|R|-|3 ,G* - 6=@#[!

4bc


=|)0
4( #N(, E,G^13

-6  M6+G* -  5K7) %>"

*] |@(| [,G- |N(| |DE|>6

4F?DEC $ (!3 * -  VJ

4$M6+G- 6 -#N(, E,G

=@ >2 . ( c3 - 53 ^ @ M6+G * ^13



Al7(BO3)(SiO4)3O3#|6<-( )

(6 #
!$  4F? DEC( bc ( I

_|3<|3 ,G* |- ;5|33/01

#3 ] @ (E6+G * ^13  R<) R =)

-#3  [!( )>64(6 3 1Y%X(z

R G ^ -  *<] @ ( c3 * ^13

gR|N|3 ,G* |-  |w /6 3

4(*

!) lD6


( |||)-(||| [,G- k |||3@4YX#|||3|||

#
!$  xR@ (!3 -  - 5+7 "

@B-Z63 (1A(6
N ;P#6<-

 M) (!3 -  1 - ($ - *R)

4#3

4F? DEC 9- *R) - (,

 * #
!$



e  5< (6] @ * #!

$  (!3 * -

9@@8-1
@=84 .3>
 

-i;
(!3* - 4(6=/01


FG

=  >6 =) #3 R$ ^ * =/01 ;



* < (E6+,- . e avl (3@ z1 =@

=/01 y
 =
[ *S5 * ^13 - ( N
4#7N   *@ =
 DP 1  ;533
XRF   3 @ ^13 >6 (7 - (a a 1
g- @  (3-7   (3 1>  -N

4 @( `c@ >6 m3  >G !) }I

 @(53^* #
!$6 3m3
R  G * (v, l  6 3 - >G !) R 4#3
=||/01(|| [,G- =||31) ||<5@@H>"

_6  (a a 1C  k. . - "-S

- |>|6 =|) #|3 (6 3 1;533

   F k. .  (7 a 1 - "-S

*R|)#|16N(, |E,G<"A-i-

 gRN=6R<{6   ;-9  4 *N

#N(, E,G<e- 6- -B$-

4#3

=|)( [,G- 4F?DEC$=/01i;



* < YnX) @ 

   5 3 @

- |6 u

/ !||$|<>|6i

( N * < 4F% DEC *oN 

 *S5

 |@(|@A#|[,G- (|
-|$(!3

#
9<-P#[,GR@] @D,=@

4* |@(3@=@ 3 ,G* - 6 3

(|
M|6+G-  |@i|;
|( [,G-

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .

(!3 3 ,G * -  DE< q9 =)

-P--Ny
=
*S5* <-

q)<*--N4#3( [,G-M6+G



Z3< #66N < #-R R<)

 Cu-Au * 3( ) q9 - 1 ! ( -R

D$I ;533/01  k 3>6@4F%DEC

4=/01

;T- -N 4 

1l *S5 < =
 -

YLXe PPv< @F%&'(zC;533/01(3 1> 

 /H?DE

#3F#
9<CZ63 (1A * #ND 



%&

%& ! "#
!$
 
 





 <#-RR<)-Py
=
*<-#
9<-P( N* <H%DE
4YnXZ3<#66N

 =
 Z!3 !) R Z1,G !) R


 6  [! ( N * <  SiO2 R

Z1,G !) (, #[! k 3@ 4@ 6( ` )

4F;-9C1)(8<aK <n>@4-#3

m6CZ!)-Z3 .Z63* !)h

=@

 < n>@- 6  u [!R <>6  Na2OR

    m6 ;533 * #N  F 

Z1,G !) 4F ;-9C#3 T8  a n

8<SF-14
?n <SF-1=
'

 a L < SF-4 

  a ?&? 

-P  #N >6 q<< >6 =@ 41)(

!) e8< (3@ @ 41)( 8< SF-1 



4F DECN( $ Z1,G i7 * #N

`6R7 @ =) (   Z!3 - Z1,G






>, E,Gi7-Z1,G Z1,Gi7* #NME5<
HDE
4N($Z1,Gi7-P;533/01* #N

%K

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .

>|6< |* |( |)-FSFMC #-R-FSFC;533/01* #N(6 

R, G{6 H;-9
Ilm #|1
6Co|-)An #|<GOr |<-Ab #[,GQtzR<)C ^13
FMt# 1Hy > 3d
SF-1

SF-4

SF-7 SF-14 SFM-6 SFM-10 SFM-11  !)a

n' K? nL'  LnK

L?

L

SiO2

'?n ' 'n 'K '%L

'%%

'?%

TiO2

L' ?&? %n' %& L

?

L&

Al2O3

'nL '? 'n% 'L %L

%&

%nL

(FeO)t

''n '' ''? ''% 'L

&

'L

MnO

' ''? '?n '? ?%

%n

%

MgO

'%n '?? '? '%% ?%

?n

?%

CaO

n'  LKn nL 

%

?

Na2O

'nL ?nK ''?  ??%

? n

?

K2O

''% ''? '' '' ''K

''?

''

P2O5

'L  K 'K nL

n

nn

L.O.I

KKL
%
???
?L'
?n
%'
?nn

%
?
K&?
%LK
n'?
K&'
n'??

?&L
n
?KK
'K
Kn?L
L?L?
?&&







%'' L'
 '%L
n? KL
%% Kn
?Kn ?%
L??' ?K
? n

(ppm)(7a 1

nL?

%n
?
%n
?%
%

Ln
?
?%
?%
%?%
??
%?

V
Co
Zn
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr





 ( )

?& %'K % %K ?n

??

?n

Qtz

%% n% '? L %L

%



Or

L%L %n n&&  %n?n %L%n

%nn

Ab

n 'KL ? n %L ?n

n

An





'K ?%L n& ?&' ?L

?K

%

Co

' ''? '' ''L 'L&

'L%

'

Ilm

'? ''n 'L? 'n n

n

nn%

Hy

?n

??

Mt

'L?

'

'nK

'L

?%?

%& ! "#
!$
 
 

'

 =
 M6 4#3     ;533

;533 * #
9< Na2O R

-P6
=3-_3 Z3 . -P

 a n < SF-4 

  a  

 CaO R 4N( $ >6 . Z3 .

 Na2O >  - 1)( 8< SF-1 



'??  - #3 >6 . ;533 * #

9<

a nn =/01 >6 * #

9< * =


Z3 . R 41)( 8< a '%n < a

>@;533* #
9< #[,GR 4#3

  g- =@  =[3 P e d37

R4F;-9C1)(8<aL%L <%n

1)(8< a n% < %%>@ #

9

<

 < SF-4 

  a ''?  K2O e8<

4F;-9C

 4Fn DEC @( SF-14 

 a 
* #
9<* =
 K2Oe8< L DE



;533* #-R- #
9<Z63!)-Z3 .!)e8<`6
HnDE


;533* #
9<Z3 .!)e8<`6
HLDE



444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .

hr>6(
2+WP[4Zr>6<Z)

(1||3* ||=||
 Zn - Zr(||-7R||

4#7Nl$(3@-WP@ @

Z|3<FDE|C
#-R-#
9<



-Zn R|>6|<`|@ |#|-R4#|3



;533* #
9<Zr Zne8<`6
HDE
)M#)=@R, G*@-F" c 

)
 N

4 371,6

* =/ T<  :@ \*= l- e @3

   5 3 @ *= l- e @3 * =



z1 =@ * 3( ) - 3 ,G (3 1>



{6  4 =6R< ICP-AR FAqua RegiaC g-

  (6 
32+ * * 1  (@ 6  - (6 3 1

-G ? ;-9  =/01 *= l- * =

 R, G

(13 * 
1l - *= l- e @3

Ag-BiSbSMoa 1(-7R4#3

  Da I e QJ k 3@ 4 *@=




4F? ;-9C#3 *  I  = l- e @3 

 5 3 @ * 3( ) * -  - 3 ,G * -

  * 1   Fe - Mn Pb Zn Cu a 1

#@*@ q3 1* =@G(7N.< / 

 =
 (
<  *- v1 4F? ;-9C1(


  4F& DEC " c  *= l- e @3

K% v1>6/4( R


>6<`@


 @=
M6F l  !6C=@Ge @3

w@*-/ >6<`@
 41)(8<

K ppm <

eS   4 #@ N) n  `@  -

* = l-  =) #3 ' - & L n * =



=@

e @3 4@ =3   <Z)  #@ e @3

4F&DEC#3#@=/01i-R)

H&'C  9 ` &' M, _3< *= l-

?

%& ! "#
!$
 
 
*= l-e @3* =
6R<{6 H?;-9
'

&

'n

'n

'n

'n

'  n

'  n

'  n

'  n

%

?

%

'

'

?

'



As

'n

'n

'n

'n

'  n

'  n

'  n

'  n

'n

'n

Bi

%L

nn

%n

%'

?&

%L

n'

%n

Cu

LK

%K

?n

L&'

???

%L&

K'%

Mn





Mo

Kn



'K



''

&'

n?

n

K

Pb

K

''

&K



LK

n

K%

K

?n

?

Zn

'n

'n

'n

'n

'  n

'  n

'  n

'  n

'n

'n

Sb

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

%S

?L

%'

%n

%nn

?L?

%?

%%

?K

%Fe

'? %'L n&



'n 'n

Ag



YLX;533*= l-

e @3* =

 Cu-ZnPba 1(
2+H&DE
#@=/01R)-i q<<=@=)


- 1)( 8< 'K ppm < %  "3 R

 =
#:$-R, G{6 =@=9< @ 4F&DEC

#3 &- L* =

=@w@GR

>6<`@


%

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .

 bc =/01 *R) #

!$  K - 

($* = l-*-


 -"3R >6<`@


 (@l ( ![
 >G - *- 4F& DEC#3

e8< R 4(   =/01 *R) -

- m  >G - *- * 1  R 4FK DEC

 < ?& =/01*= l- * =

mv1

4#3 @"3

* =
mR

>6<`@
 4 @(
 nn ppm

10
9
8



7
6

Fe
Zn

5
4
3
2
1
0

100

200

300

400

ppm



FFe 100RC*= l-e @3Zn-Fee8<R!6 /HKDE

=6R<*= l-e @3=@  ICP-AR (  3

* 
1l  =
 ' 52 89





 -G  ;-9  R, G - >6 {6  4

R-(  


G*R7* 


( )=)(13

4#3

 (6 ( ) ;

I (3 1>  z  =) (J / 

 
)  (13 * =


 QJ /

* -  - (!3 * =N 1 C 9- G

h
 4F;-9C1)(8<

 %K? ppb < ?ppb

=@ *@=


4F% ;-9C #@ F3 ,G

' ppb  <] @ QJ R =

 ?  =
 '

 < ? ; : ( - 

  - @ ^13 =:0$ g-

=@  =
  QJ R >6<] @ 4F'DEC#3

  =
  `. h :  4#3 =  N) ?n

  =
 >6 4#3  bc %K? ppb /

- -:<C#3@T8 B@ ? <-I

>6#3#@*R)(!3- "19

" c DP ^13=:0$#@yJ 1

=@*=/01m3
=@m(6 (
  )#
!$

=/01 G V: =

 G h
 =) @ *=N =@


 QJR4(
 6B@  '#:3-

. C`6 -`6l m.* =


 4F @

* =N  =
 >6 4#3 %K%% ppb  ppb

M#)=@R, G *@F` ?''I

#@=/01"A"19#N(, E,G(!3

_3< Au #) >6  4  37 1,6 )

4#3

g-  5 3 @a 16 3-(

<"o9  3



%& ! "#
!$
 
 
(13* =
(3 1^13e avl-#:$H%;-9
#:$
58'7"-35'32"
58'7"-35'32"
58'7"-35'32"
58'15"-35'22"
58'16"-35'26"
58'10"-35'23"
58'51"-35'39"
58 '30"-35'26"
58 '33"-35'22"
58 '11"-35'42"
58'26"-35'26"
58'29"-35'57"
58'11"-35'5"
58 '57"-35'23"
58 '46"-35'30"
58 '41"-35'28"
58 '39"-35'27"
58'22"-359'53"
58'26"-35'48"
58 '50"-35'30"
58'3"-35'32"
58'50"-35
'19"
58 '50"-359'53"
58 '53"-35'54"
58 '43"-35'55"
58 '50"-35'47"
58'25"-35
'6"
58 '29"-35'54"
58 '44"-35'22"
58'27"-35
'10"

58'20"-35
'30"
58'46"-35
'30"
58'16"-35
'2"

58'44"-35
'18"
58'11"-35'46"

58'17"-35'45"
58 '56"-35'56"
58'37"-35'41"
58'21"-35'45"

58'4"-35'38"

=
h

M6+G-
M6+G-
M6+G-
=/01"A"19#N(, E,G-(!3* =N
=/01"A"19#N(, E,G-(!3* =N
=/01"A"19#N(, E,G-(!3* =N
=/01"A"19#N(, E,G-(!3* =N
*7.#-R^13m(6 ( )
*7.#-R^13m(6 ( )
=/01"A"19#N(, E,G-(!3* =N
=/01"A"19#N(, E,G-(!3* =N
i;
(!3- #6]Ed3(6 ( )
#N(!3=N
#Nm(6 ( )
*7.#-R^13m(6 ( )
*7.#-R^13m(6 ( )
*7.#-R^13m(6 ( )
(!3^13
( !@#, I=@M E,-" 3* ^13-(6 ( )
2-d3+=[-
M6
m3
#6.E, )-#6]Ed3(6 ( )
#N(, E,G-- 3* -
#N(, E,G-- 3* -
#N(, E,G-- 3* -
 3N=[-
m3Dl#6]Ed3(6 ( )
#6)
#6]Ed3 =N
#6]Ed3(6 ( )
#6]Ed3(6 ( )
 3N=[-
#
,-#6]Ed3(6 ( )
#N(, E,G-- 3* -
#N#6]Ed3-R<)*=N(6

( )
(!3^13
M6+G-
 #N(, E,G(6

( )
 #N(, E,G(6

( )
(!3-
(!3-

=



?
%

n
L

&
K
'

?
%

n
L

&
K
?'
?
??
?%
?
?n
?L
?
?&
?K
%'
%
%?
%%
%
%n
%L
%
%&
%K
'

n

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .
YLX;533(13* =
R, G{6

H;-9
Au
ppb

?
?
%
'
n
L
?
&
&
%K%%

?&
%&
%K
?
%K?
?
%
?
?
?'
?
?
?
?
n
?
?
%
?

K
?
?
?
?
?
?
?

Hg
ppm









































As
ppm

?
n
?n
%L
n

n

L

L
K
?'
L
n

n
&
n
n

n
n

n
n
?'

?'
n
K
K
n
n
n
n
n
n
n

Zn
ppm
'
n
%
nL
L
'

&
n&
%nL

n
%
KK
&
%&%
'
n
K

K
'?
?K
K
%
n
?'%
?''
n
?
K
n%
?'?
??
L
n
L
%
n
K

Pb
ppm
L
%

?L
&
'
L?
?'
'
&?n
L
&
'K
?&
K'
?'n
K

n'

K
?nK
K
K



n'
L
?
%
L

?
L


%&
%


Cu
ppm


?

n
n
?%
K
&?
'K
L
?K

%&L?
%KK
%K'
L%K&
?L
?
??
?
%n
&
?
&
?%
???
&
K
n
K
%?

?''
K
?
n
L
L

Ag
Ppm
'n
'n
'n
?K
n
'n
'K
'n
?K
&

&
'n
?%
%%
L%
&
'n
'
'n
'n
%
'n
'n
'n
'n
'&
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n
'n

Mo
ppm
?
n



%&
?


?K

%
n
?
%
&
'
%
?


'
L&
?n
n

n
n'
L
&
'
%
K




?
?


Fe
%
'

'%
'K?
'?
?n?
'L%
%
nn
?n
KL
'%
K
?
L
?L?
?
'%&
? 
'
%
%L
K
?K%
???
&?
%L&
&&
'nn
LK?
%%K
??n?
?%
?
''
n?%
''L
'&
'?
''n




?
%

n
L

&
K
'

?
%

n
L

&
K
?'
?
??
?%
?
?n
?L
?
?&
?K
%'
%
%?
%%
%
%n
%L
%
%&
%K
'



L

%& ! "#
!$
 
 
(, E,G -  #
, - #6]Ed3 (6 ( )


ppm < ? (13* =

m/

4F'DEC#3#@=/01(,

* #N


CuR 
 L 4 ;-9 1)( 8< L%K&

(13 * =


 *- - "3 R  DE 

=@w@mR >6<`@
 4#3 n' ppm  @

4#3=!6 /Z @=/01

m3
=@m(6 ( ) =)#3=


* 1  @ * =

  M13G R

(!3 -  "19 *7. #-R * ^13



8< K' ppm < n' ppm>@*--"3m

n* =


mR4#3#@*R)

*  I  9(-7R4F;-9C1)(



4#3 &? ppm- %KK ppmq<<=@ L-

* 1  @* =

[,R T-#3

i ;
  #6]Ed3 
 =@ m (6 ( )


4F;-9C3('ppm <m

4 @(m

%ppm*F??=
C=/01

-(!||3(|| [,G||3 ,G* ||-+

 <% =/01(13* =



"3/



* | ||< ||@_[<||- !||N !||@M||6+G

R >6<`@
  4F ;-9C1)(
 8< ?'n ppm

|=|/01=)1 !([3 1 #

9<

m(6 ( ) =)#3 L 

=@w@"3

D! .*7.* * 3( )*@<(=:, 0

*R) (!3 -  "19 *7. #-R

4#7N$(@ 6 D! .>6o, @= 

 "3 xR@ * 1  >- 4#3  #@

^13**7.m-[,B$*  ! )


' 

- (!3* =N  =) (6

B|$*  !| ) |1^1|341 !bc 1

4#3#@=/01"A"19#N(, E,G

|[, (|- Sh|* |#|N*7|.

R
4#3&?n ppm=
>6"3R

m|41 !|I-Sh|* #N

*7.

?L ppm*#3 #@ #

!$>6  =)

||
*7||.||[,||6h||-*7||.

(6 ( ) =) ?

"3R4 @("

3

 (I)h|#66R<)-#-RR<)* <


*- I #3  #@ #6]Ed3 - #6.E, )

W| @( |3N=|) (6 |9G 4|(DE<

ppm <Z)=/01* = 

6 3 4 @(m

 ?nK

^1|3h- >:<((3 1( )e8<

4FDEC"3?''

 *=|
>6@ |1@#!|; E (, lu [, A

ppm <  (13* =

*-R

*7|.*  !| )(2R9-" 

)(aa 1

*- / >6<`@ 4F ;-9C1)( 8< ?''

4Y&-X||N(||||$=!||6 /-(||3@||

( 6]Ed3 =N =)#3 ?&=

=@w@
=/01 "A ;
 * V< -  #6) 

 *- xR@ * 1  >- 4#3  #@
 =
>64(6

n%ppmR=@%?


YLX;533(13* =
QJR-*@=
DPH'DE


444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .






&

%& ! "#
!$
 
 


;533(13* =
*--"

3Re8<HDE


 <  F8-1
=A+% <

Q"H
O7P)
* |-  (|c@ =||N4F? DECN(




(SiO2+K2O+Na2O

^

m6

w ||[<M||6+G-(!||3(|| [,G||3 ,G

DI  Rb/Sr #[! - /CaO+MgO+FeO)

 ||<>6 T DE< #

9<* <

* 3( ) h bc< #9 V  ) ,T-

D!| .|[,-> !|1<B|$* |3( )*@

*J 
4Y&- X
 5 3 <(*7.

4

*S5 <=
 -r< uQ[$=)

-P  ( -R R<) * <

 Z3< *7. *QJ Hm * Z !3

R<)F?-#
9<F
1l;533
4#-R

/01"A"19#
3=@ <>64F?DEC

;5|33* |#
9<^m6

k 3@ 4 * 6  u [! g !N =:, 0 

Rb/Sr#[!|-1)(8<%'n <nKK&>@

* <  #-R R<) (6Pa 

4#3 nK t)I- '%% D$I <>

 

mQJ* * 1 41 !<9#

9<


-] |@^|m6*;533* #

9<

R<) * <   @ a 1 6 3 - *-

^1|3-|P-1| @(>6 .Rb/Sr#[!

 w / (}:@  4 $ ( -R

|$*7|.m-[,B$*  ! ) 1

K

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .

>||64#||3M ||33HM||6+G-M|| .-.

  * 3( ) #

9< * ( !E

 `6R7=/01"A"19#93 ,G

#
9< * <  * 3( ) >6 4(


|/01 F"A"19C* ''a 74(

* -   Zn-Cu (-7 R 4#3 <9



? ||:@C(:||3-||/01M||6=||:, 0||

j< #P< =)C M6+G - (!3 3 ,G

M |33 HM|6+G|3 ,G* -

 F )

DE< #
9< @ _[< (6
N  * ;P

*|@|@( :1|a |l*|@=)

1l

R 4#3   `6

 % DE  F

4FnDE||CF=|6 @-M|1.- ||:C||(|

n ppm  <Z)

  *- - ' ppm  <Z) m

*=|Ne|a=|@=/01>6m* 3( )


#-R  Zn-Cu (-7 R 4#3

=|oN =N4(  #-RDl

 @ _[< - 3 - #6]Ed3 * =N

H^|16- |/014
 (*@@ m*@

4#3   `6
  DE  #-R

*Q|J Hmh* 3( )*@Fn DEC =6 @

41)(8<''ppm <*-- <mR

R<||) ||@_[<||||3 ,G* ||-

4D! .*7.

 ||@(P0||3* ||||
1l ||#||-R

Y& -XRb/Sr#[!-^m6
#-RR<)-#
9<* =
#:$`6
H?DE





n'

%& ! "#
!$
 
 

  


50

Cu (ppm)

40
30
20
10
0

10

15

20

Zn (ppm)



#
9< @_[<(!3-M6+G* - Cu-Zn(-7R`6
H%DE

 

 !"

70000
60000

$

Cu (ppm)

50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0



100

200

300

400

500

Zn (ppm)

 #-R @_[<- 3-#6]Ed3#-RCu-Zn(-7R`6

HDE




n

444/01(
2+-* 3( )*+,- .



#31, g .6v<=6 @H^1.--;533-P#:$`6
HnDE


 .9R

*=|| l-e @||3-^1||3(
||2+H?

|@] |@=|@=|T9< |@#

9|<*S5* <

" |6|a 16 |3-Sn, Mo, W* |1 

|3 ,G* |- g !|NHDE-^m6

4 

B|$* |3( |)*|@M6+G-(!3( [,G

* |Z !|3 -|P( -RR<)* <

 |T4| @=  D! . <( [,-> !1<

-=|/014||Z|3<*7.*QJ Hm

 |@_[<|(6 |
N * |;|P6 D6]k 3@

* |3( |)*|@|6 D6]k 3@=6 @H^16

*|@ |ISn, Mo, W*- I #

9<

4D! .*7.*QJHmh

4#3[* 3( )

#|-RR<) H#-Ry
=
* <4

* ||< |<Z)#
9<Rb/Sr#[!H

4 6 h1< @-

*7.Sn, Mo, W*  ! ) 1^13*S5

0|3=|)( -R|* ||< :@-DE4?

Gq|)<=|  - |
N |1>6@ |1@#3

(|a*  3=)#3*6<

1l

|[* |3( |)h|>6*@ ]_6

4$y


4#3

n?

%& ! "#
!$
 
 
[4] Choose,

and

M|6+G|3 ,G* |- g !|N-DE4%

spectroscopic studies on hydrothermal

M6( $7`c@ @q3 1  M .-.-M 33

Dumortierite from an Al-rich clay deposit,

4#3*7.mZ !3

southeastern

O.K.,

Korea,

Textural

Mineralogical

Magazine 67 (2003), 799-8060.

[5] Barker, F., Trondjemite: definition,

4=/01m* 3( )
 4
-*-"|3QJa 1(6 
2+* 1 4n

environment and hypotheses or origin. In

4m

Barker, F. (ed) Trondhjemites, dacites, and

-||P(1||3* ||=||
||Z||3<4L

related rocks, New York: Elsevier, (1979),

4*7.* Z !3

D!)1($Q<DPCq3 1(
l 3#:$4

1-124

-(3 1( ) :, 0 k [k-7([6<3YLX

-|3 ,G* - -*S5* <(6 
2+
4;5|33=|/01 |G( :1aV v(3@

4'P5a%&%(3 1 )  6 .
Rb/SrSm/Eu  5 ||3 ||r||.Z6||)YX
 |@|<* |#|N>|@bc<*@Ce/Yb| Dv|7B|$* |3( )-@-B$* 3( )

 !| -R6 |.?K
|Z 5; 3> 


4P5a

FZT

OS 

''''' |3 1>|  /^+ -@ YX
4%LL63 1>   3e   @Gp7

?''''|3 1>| |/ rzY?X
4%&' *QJ#);533
||.Z6||):!|| ||
 ||r(||zY%X
 #||6<-( ||)h||$-gR||N>!||I
P

[8] Karimpour, M.H., and W. A., Bowes,

4*|r |3l |3

| );5|33 /01

Application of trace elements and isotopes

(3 1( )-(3 1@>

`6
>
 -

for discriminating between porphyry Cu,

Mo, and Sn deposits: Global Tec. and
Metallogeny, 2, (1983), 3-15.

e P5|a %&  |

 6
4?nH?'