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IP Address (Network Layer)

This document discusses IP addresses and classful addressing. It explains that an IP address is a 32-bit address and describes how classful addressing divides the address space into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. It also discusses subnetting IP networks and how this can be done to organize networks, use different physical media, preserve address space, and improve security and network performance.

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406 views

IP Address (Network Layer)

This document discusses IP addresses and classful addressing. It explains that an IP address is a 32-bit address and describes how classful addressing divides the address space into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. It also discusses subnetting IP networks and how this can be done to organize networks, use different physical media, preserve address space, and improve security and network performance.

Uploaded by

MugiwaraRevi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IP Address (Network Layer)

An IP address is a 32-bit address.

Hexadecimal Notation
0111 0101 1001 0101 0001 1101 1110 1010
75 95 1D EA

0x75951DEA

CLASSFUL ADDRESSING

In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E.

00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111

??

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11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111

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Find the class of the address: 227.12.14.87

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Find the class of the address: 193.14.56.22

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Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and for internal testing on a local machine; [You can test this: you should always be able to ping 127.0.0.1, which points to yourself]

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Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting; Class E addresses are reserved for future use. They should not be used for host address

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Subnetting
Subnetting an IP Network can be done for a variety of reasons, including organization, use of different physical media (such as Ethernet, FDDI, WAN, etc.), preservation of address space, and security.

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The most common reason is to control network traffic. In an Ethernet network, all nodes on a segment see all the packets transmitted by all the other nodes on that segment.
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Performance can be adversely affected under heavy traffic loads, due to collisions and the resulting retransmissions. A router is used to connect IP networks to minimize the amount of traffic each segment must receive.
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