Chapter 1 Elementary Signals 1.

9 Exercises
1. Evaluate the following functions:
-a. sin t t 6 -b. cos 2t t 4 -c. cos t t 2
2

-d. tan 2t t 8

e.

t e
2

2 t

( t 2 ) dt

-f. sin t 1 t 2

2. a. Express the voltage waveform v ( t ) shown in Figure 1.24, as a sum of unit step functions for the time interval 0 < t < 7 s . b. Using the result of part (a), compute the derivative of v ( t ) , and sketch its waveform.
v(t) (V)
20
2t

v(t)

e
10 0 1 10 20

t( s)

Figure 1.24. Waveform for Exercise 2

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Chapter 2 The Laplace Transformation 2.6 Exercises

1. Find the Laplace transform of the following time domain functions: a. 12 b. 6u0 ( t ) c. 24u 0 ( t 12 ) d. 5tu 0 ( t ) e. 4t u 0 ( t ) 2. Find the Laplace transform of the following time domain functions: a. j8 b. j5 90 c. 5e
5t 5

u0 ( t ) u0 ( t )

d. 8t e

7 5t

e. 15 ( t 4 ) 3. Find the Laplace transform of the following time domain functions: a. ( t + 3t + 4t + 3 )u 0 ( t ) b. 3 ( 2t 3 ) ( t 3 ) c. ( 3 sin 5t )u 0 ( t ) d. ( 5 cos 3t )u 0 ( t ) e. ( 2 tan 4t )u 0 ( t ) Be careful with this! Comment and skip derivation. 4. Find the Laplace transform of the following time domain functions: a. 3t ( sin 5t )u 0 ( t ) b. 2t ( cos 3t )u 0 ( t ) c. 2e
5t 2 3 2

sin 5t

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Exercises
d. 8e
3t

cos 4t

e. ( cos t ) ( t 4 ) 5. Find the Laplace transform of the following time domain functions: a. 5tu 0 ( t 3 ) b. ( 2t 5t + 4 )u 0 ( t 3 ) c. ( t 3 )e
2t 2

u0 ( t 2 ) u0 ( t 3 )

d. ( 2t 4 )e e. 4te
3t

2(t 2)

( cos 2t )u 0 ( t )

6. Find the Laplace transform of the following time domain functions: a. d ( sin 3t )
dt
4t b. d ( 3e )

dt dt dt dt

2 c. d ( t cos 2t ) 2t d. d ( e sin 2t ) 2 2t e. d ( t e )

7. Find the Laplace transform of the following time domain functions:

sin t a. -------t

b.

0 ---------- d
t

sin

sin at c. ------------

d.

cos ---------- d

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

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Chapter 2 The Laplace Transformation

e.

e ------ d

8. Find the Laplace transform for the sawtooth waveform f ST ( t ) of Figure 2.8.
f ST ( t )
A

2a

3a

Figure 2.8. Waveform for Exercise 8.

9. Find the Laplace transform for the full rectification waveform f FR ( t ) of Figure 2.9.
f FR ( t )
1

Full Rectified Waveform sint

2a

3a

4a

Figure 2.9. Waveform for Exercise 9

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Chapter 3 The Inverse Laplace Transformation 3.6 Exercises

1. Find the Inverse Laplace transform of the following:
4 a. ----------s+3

4 b. -----------------2 (s + 3) 4 c. -----------------4 (s + 3) 3s + 4 d. -----------------5 (s + 3)

2

s + 6s + 3 e. ------------------------5 (s + 3)

2. Find the Inverse Laplace transform of the following:

3s + 4 a. ---------------------------2 s + 4s + 85 4s + 5 b. --------------------------------2
2

s + 5s + 18.5

s + 3s + 2 c. ----------------------------------------------3 2 s 16 d. ---------------------------------------------3 2 s+1 e. ------------------------------------------3 2

2

s + 5s + 10.5s + 9

s + 8s + 24s + 32

s + 6s + 11s + 6

3. Find the Inverse Laplace transform of the following:

3s + 2 a. ---------------2 s + 25
2

5s + 3b. -------------------- (See hint on next page) 2 (s + 4)

2

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Exercises
2 1 s ------ ( sin t + t cos t ) ----------------------- 2 2 2 2 (s + ) Hint: 1 1 -------- 3 ( sin t t cos t ) ----------------------- 2 2 2 (s + ) 2

2s + 3 c. --------------------------------2
3 2

s + 4.25s + 1

s + 8s + 24s + 32 d. ---------------------------------------------2 s + 6s + 8

e. e

2s

3 --------------------3 ( 2s + 3 )

4. Use the Initial Value Theorem to find f ( 0 ) given that the Laplace transform of f ( t ) is
2s + 3 -------------------------------2 s + 4.25s + 1

Compare your answer with that of Exercise 3(c). 5. It is known that the Laplace transform F ( s ) has two distinct poles, one at s = 0 , the other at s = 1 . It also has a single zero at s = 1 , and we know that lim f ( t ) = 10 . Find F ( s ) and f ( t ) .
t

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Chapter 4 Circuit Analysis with Laplace Transforms 4.6 Exercises

1. In the circuit of Figure 4.22, switch S has been closed for a long time, and opens at t = 0 . Use the Laplace transform method to compute i L ( t ) for t > 0 .
t = 0 S 20 L 1 mH

R1
10

R2

iL ( t )

32 V

Figure 4.22. Circuit for Exercise 1

2. In the circuit of Figure 4.23, switch S has been closed for a long time, and opens at t = 0 . Use the Laplace transform method to compute v c ( t ) for t > 0 .
R1
6 K t = 0 S

R3
30 K 60 K
C

R4
20 K

72 V

R2

v (t) C 40 ----- F 10 K 9

R5

Figure 4.23. Circuit for Exercise 2

3. Use mesh analysis and the Laplace transform method, to compute i 1 ( t ) and i 2 ( t ) for the circuit of Figure 4.24, given that i L (0 ) = 0 and v c (0 ) = 0 .
L1
2H

R2
3

R1
+

L2
+

1H

v1 ( t ) = u0 ( t )

i1 ( t )

1F

i2 ( t )

v 2 ( t ) = 2u 0 ( t )

Figure 4.24. Circuit for Exercise 3

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Exercises
4. For the s domain circuit of Figure 4.25, a. compute the admittance Y ( s ) = I 1 ( s ) V 1 ( s ) b. compute the t domain value of i 1 ( t ) when v 1 ( t ) = u 0 ( t ) , and all initial conditions are zero.
I1 ( s )
R1 1

VC ( s )
1s R2

R3 3 1 R4 2

V1 ( s )

Figure 4.25. Circuit for Exercise 4

5. Derive the transfer functions for the networks (a) and (b) of Figure 4.26.
R L

+
V in ( s )
(a)
C

+
V out ( s )

+
V in ( s )
(b) R

Figure 4.26. Networks for Exercise 5

6. Derive the transfer functions for the networks (a) and (b) of Figure 4.27.
C

+
V in ( s )
(a) R

+
V out ( s )

+
V in ( s )
(b) L

Figure 4.27. Networks for Exercise 6

7. Derive the transfer functions for the networks (a) and (b) of Figure 4.28.

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

+
V 2 ( s ) = 2V C ( s )

+
V out ( s )

+
V out ( s )

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Chapter 4 Circuit Analysis with Laplace Transforms

+
V in ( s )

+
R

+
V in ( s )

R L

+
V out ( s )

V out ( s )

(a)

(b)

Figure 4.28. Networks for Exercise 7

8. Derive the transfer function for the networks (a) and (b) of Figure 4.29.
C R1 V in ( s ) R2 V in ( s ) (b) Figure 4.29. Networks for Exercise 8 R1 C R2

V out ( s ) (a)

V out ( s )

9. Derive the transfer function for the network of Figure 4.30. Using MATLAB, plot G ( s ) versus frequency in Hertz, on a semilog scale.
R4 R3 R1 V in ( s ) R2 C1 C2 Figure 4.30. Network for Exercise 9 V out ( s ) R1 = 11.3 k R2 = 22.6 k R3=R4 = 68.1 k C1=C2 = 0.01 F

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Chapter 6 The Impulse Response and Convolution 6.7 Exercises

1. Compute the impulse response h ( t ) = i L ( t ) in terms of R and L for the circuit of Figure 6.36. Then, compute the voltage v L ( t ) across the inductor.
R

iL ( t )

+
(t)

Figure 6.36. Circuit for Exercise 1

2. Repeat Example 6.4 by forming h ( t ) instead of u ( t ) , that is, use the convolution integral

u( )h ( t ) d
3. Repeat Example 6.5 by forming h ( t ) instead of u ( t ) . 4. Compute v 1 ( t )*v 2 ( t ) given that
4t v1 ( t ) = 0 t0 t<0 e 2t v2 ( t ) = 0 t0 t<0

5. For the series RL circuit shown in Figure 6.37, the response is the current i L ( t ) . Use the convolution integral to find the response when the input is the unit step u 0 ( t ) .
R

iL ( t )
L 1H

+
u0 ( t ) i(t)

Figure 6.37. Circuit for Exercise 5

6. Compute v out ( t ) for the network of Figure 6.38 using the convolution integral, given that
v in ( t ) = u 0 ( t ) u 0 ( t 1 ) .

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Exercises
L
+

1H R

v in ( t )

v out ( t )
1

Figure 6.38. Network for Exercise 6

7. Compute v out ( t ) for the circuit of Figure 6.39 given that v in ( t ) = u 0 ( t ) u 0 ( t 1 ) .

R
+

1
L 1H

v in ( t )

v out ( t )

Figure 6.39. Network for Exercise 7

Hint: Use the result of Exercise 6.

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

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Exercises 7.14 Exercises

1. Compute the first 5 components of the trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform of Figure 7.47. Assume = 1 .
f(t)
A

Figure 7.47. Waveform for Exercise 1

2. Compute the first 5 components of the trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform of Figure 7.48. Assume = 1 .
f(t)
A t 0

Figure 7.48. Waveform for Exercise 2

3. Compute the first 5 components of the exponential Fourier series for the waveform of Figure 7.49. Assume = 1 .
f(t)
A

0 Figure 7.49. Waveform for Exercise 3

4. Compute the first 5 components of the exponential Fourier series for the waveform of Figure 7.50. Assume = 1 .
f( t)
A2

0
A 2

Figure 7.50. Waveform for Exercise 4

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

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Chapter 7 Fourier Series

5. Compute the first 5 components of the exponential Fourier series for the waveform of Figure 7.51. Assume = 1 .
f( t)
A

0 Figure 7.51. Waveform for Exercise 5

6. Compute the first 5 components of the exponential Fourier series for the waveform of Figure 7.52. Assume = 1 .
f(t)
A t

0 A Figure 7.52. Waveform for Exercise 6

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Exercises 8.10 Exercises

1. Show that

u ( t ) ( t ) dt
0

= 12

2. Compute

{ te

at

u0 ( t ) } a > 0

3. Sketch the time and frequency waveforms of

f ( t ) = cos 0 t [ u 0 ( t + T ) u 0 ( t T ) ]

4. Derive the Fourier transform of

f ( t ) = A [ u 0 ( t + 3T ) u 0 ( t + T ) + u 0 ( t T ) u 0 ( t 3T ) ]

5. Derive the Fourier transform of

A f ( t ) = -- t [ u 0 ( t + T ) u 0 ( t T ) ] T

6. Derive the Fourier transform of

A A T f ( t ) = -- t + A [ u 0 ( t + T ) u 0 ( t ) ] + -- t + A u 0 ( t ) u 0 t -- T T 2

7. For the circuit of Figure 8.21, use the Fourier transform method to compute v C ( t ) .
R1 1 C
1F

vC ( t )
0.5

R2

v in ( t )

v in ( t ) = 50 cos 4tu 0 ( t ) Figure 8.21. Circuit for Exercise 7

8. The input-output relationship in a certain network is

d d2 ------ v out ( t ) + 5 ---- v out ( t ) + 6v out ( t ) = 10v in ( t ) 2 dt dt

Use the Fourier transform method to compute v out ( t ) given that v in ( t ) = 2e u 0 ( t ) .

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

8-47

Chapter 8 The Fourier Transform

9. In a bandpass filter, the lower and upper cutoff frequencies are f 1 = 2 Hz , and f 2 = 6 Hz respectively. Compute the 1 energy of the input, and the percentage that appears at the output, if the input signal is v in ( t ) = 3e
2t

u 0 ( t ) volts.

10. In Example 8.4, we derived the Fourier transform pair

sin T A [ u 0 ( t + T ) u 0 ( t T ) ] 2AT -------------T

F() f( t)
A
0 2 T

t
T

Figure 8.22. Figure for Exercise 10

Compute the percentage of the 1 energy of f ( t ) contained in the interval T T of F() .

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Chapter 9 Discrete Time Systems and the Z Transform 9.10 Exercises

1. Find the Z transform of the discrete time pulse p [ n ] defined as
1 p[ n] = 0
n

n = 0, 1, 2, , m 1 otherwise

2. Find the Z transform of a p [ n ] where p [ n ] is defined as in Exercise 1. 3. Prove the following Z transform pairs: a. [ n ] 1 b. [ n 1 ] z
n m

c. na u 0 [ n ] ----------------2 (z a) d. n a u 0 [ n ] --------------------3 (z a) z
2 2 n

az

az ( z + a )

e. [ n + 1 ]u 0 [ n ] ----------------2 (z 1)

4. Use the partial fraction expansion to find f [ n ] = Z

[ F ( z ) ] given that

A F ( z ) = ------------------------------------------------1 1 ( 1 z ) ( 1 0.5z )

5. Use the partial fraction expansion method to compute the Inverse Z transform of
z F ( z ) = -----------------------------------------2 ( z + 1 ) ( z 0.75 )
2

6. Use the Inversion Integral to compute the Inverse Z transform of

1 + 2z + z F ( z ) = ------------------------------------------------1 1 ( 1 z ) ( 1 0.5z )
1 3

7. Use the long division method to compute the first 5 terms of the discrete time sequence whose Z transform is
z +z z F ( z ) = ---------------------------------------------1 2 3 1 + z + z + 4z
1 2 3

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Exercises
8. a. Compute the transfer function of the difference equation
y [ n ] y [ n 1 ] = Tx [ n 1 ]

b. Compute the response y [ n ] when the input is x [ n ] = e 9. Given the difference equation

naT

T y [ n ] y [ n 1 ] = -- { x [ n ] + x [ n 1 ] } 2

a. Compute the discrete transfer function H ( z ) b. Compute the response to the input x [ n ] = e
naT

10. A discrete time system is described by the difference equation

y[n] + y[n 1] = x[n]

where
y [ n ] = 0 for n < 0

a. Compute the transfer function H ( z ) b. Compute the impulse response h [ n ] c. Compute the response when the input is x [ n ] = 10 for n 0 11. Given the discrete transfer function
z+2 H ( z ) = ---------------------------2 8z 2z 3

write the difference equation that relates the output y [ n ] to the input x [ n ] .

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

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Exercises 10.8 Exercises

1. Compute the DFT of the sequence x [ 0 ] = x [ 1 ] = 1 , x [ 2 ] = x [ 3 ] = 1 2. A square waveform is represented by the discrete time sequence
x [ 0 ] = x [ 1 ] = x [ 2 ] = x [ 3 ] = 1 and x [ 4 ] = x [ 5 ] = x [ 6 ] = x [ 7 ] = 1

Use MATLAB to compute and plot the magnitude X [ m ] of this sequence. 3. Prove that
a. x [ n ] cos 2kn -- { X [ m k ] + X [ m + k ] } -----------N b. x [ n ] sin 2kn ---- { X [ m k ] + X [ m + k ] } -----------N 1 j2 1 2

4. The signal flow graph of Figure 10.6 is a decimation in time, natural-input, shuffled-output type FFT algorithm. Using this graph and relation (10.69), compute the frequency component X [ 3 ] . Verify that this is the same as that found in Example 10.5.
x[0] x[1] x[2] x[3] x[4] x[5] x[6] x[7]
W0 W0 W0 W0 W4 W4 W4 W4 W0 W0 W4 W4 W2 W2 W6 W6 W0 W4 W2 W6 W1 W5 W3 W7

X[ 0] X[4 ] X[2] X[ 6] X[1] X[5 ] X[ 3] X[7]

Figure 10.6. Signal flow graph for Exercise 4

5. The signal flow graph of Figure 10.7 is a decimation in frequency, natural input, shuffled output type FFT algorithm. There are two equations that relate successive columns. The first is
Y dash ( R, C ) = Y dash ( R i , C 1 ) + Y dash ( R j , C 1 )

and it is used with the nodes where two dashed lines terminate on them.

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

10-31

Chapter 10 The DFT and the FFT Algorithm

The second equation is
Y sol ( R, C ) = W [ Y sol ( R i , C 1 ) Y sol ( R j , C 1 ) ]
m

and it is used with the nodes where two solid lines terminate on them. The number inside the circles denote the power of W N , and the minus () sign below serves as a reminder that the bracketed term of the second equation involves a subtraction. Using this graph and the above equations, compute the frequency component X [ 3 ] . Verify that this is the same as in Example 10.5.
x[ 0] x[1] x[2] x[ 3] x[4] x[5] x[ 6] x[7] X[ 0]

W0 W
0

X[4] X[2] X[ 6] X[1]

2 0 W W

W W W W

0 1 2 3 0 W

X[5] X[ 3] X[7]

W0
0 2 W W

Figure 10.7. Signal flow graph for Exercise 5

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Exercises 11.10 Exercises

1. The circuit of Figure 11.39 is a VCVS second-order high-pass filter whose transfer function is
2 V out ( s ) Ks G ( s ) = ---------------- = -------------------------------------------------------------2 2 V in ( s ) s + ( a b ) C s + ( 1 b ) C

and for given values of a , b , and desired cutoff frequency C , we can calculate the values of
C 1, C 2, R 1, R 2, R 3, and R 4 to achieve the desired cutoff frequency C .

C1 vin

C2

R1

R2 R4 R3

vout

Figure 11.39. Circuit for Exercise 1

For this circuit,

4b R 2 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 C 1 a + [ a + 8b ( K 1 ) ] C b R 1 = ------------------2 C1 R2 2 C KR 2 R 3 = ------------ , K1 R 4 = KR 2 K1

and the gain K is

K = 1 + R4 R3

Using these relations, compute the appropriate values of the resistors to achieve the cutoff frequency f C = 1 KHz . Choose the capacitors as C 1 = 10 f C F and C 2 = C 1 . Plot G ( s ) versus frequency. Solution using MATLAB is highly recommended.

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

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Chapter 11 Analog and Digital Filters

2. The circuit of Figure 11.40 is a VCVS second-order band-pass filter whose transfer function is
V out ( s ) K [ BW ]s G ( s ) = ---------------- = --------------------------------------2 2 V in ( s ) s + [ BW ]s + 0

R1 vin C1

C2

R2

R3 R5 R4

vout

Figure 11.40. Circuit for Exercise 2

Let 0 = center frequency , 2 = upper cutoff frequency , 1 = lower cutoff frequency , Bandwidth BW = 2 1 , and Quality Factor Q = 0 BW We can calculate the values of C 1, C 2, R 1, R 2, R 3, and R 4 to achieve the desired centered frequency 0 and bandwidth BW . For this circuit,
2Q R 1 = ---------------C1 0 K 2Q R 2 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2 C 1 0 1 + ( K 1 ) + 8Q 1 - 1 1 R 3 = ------------ ----- + ----- 2 2R R 2 C1 0 1 R 4 = R 5 = 2R 3

Using these relations, compute the appropriate values of the resistors to achieve center frequency f 0 = 1 KHz , Gain K = 10 , and Q = 10 . Choose the capacitors as C 1 = C 2 = 0.1 F . Plot G ( s ) versus frequency. Solution using MATLAB is highly recommended.

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Exercises
3. The circuit of Figure 11.41 is a VCVS second-order band elimination filter whose transfer function is
2 V out ( s ) K ( s 2 + 0 ) G ( s ) = ---------------- = --------------------------------------2 2 V in ( s ) s + [ BW ]s + 0

C1 vin R1

C2

R3

R2 C3

vout

Figure 11.41. Circuit for Exercise 3

Let 0 = center frequency , 2 = upper cutoff frequency , 1 = lower cutoff frequency , Bandwidth BW = 2 1 , Quality Factor Q = 0 BW , and gain K = 1 We can calculate the values of C 1, C 2, R 1, R 2, R 3, and R 4 to achieve the desired centered frequency 0 and bandwidth BW . For this circuit,
1 R 1 = -------------------2 0 QC 1 2Q R 2 = ----------0 C1 2Q R 3 = -----------------------------------2 C 1 0 ( 4Q + 1 )

The gain K must be unity, but Q can be up to 10. Using these relations, compute the appropriate values of the resistors to achieve center frequency f 0 = 1 KHz , Gain K = 1 and Q = 10 . Choose the capacitors as C 1 = C 2 = 0.1 F and C 3 = 2C1 . Plot G ( s ) versus frequency. Solution using MATLAB is highly recommended.

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

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Chapter 11 Analog and Digital Filters

4. The circuit of Figure 11.42 is a MFB second-order all-pass filter whose transfer function is
V out ( s ) K ( s 2 a 0 s + b 0 ) G ( s ) = ---------------- = --------------------------------------------2 2 V in ( s ) s + a 0 s + b 0
2

where the gain K = cons tan t , ( 0 < K < 1 ) , and the phase is given by
a 0 1 ( ) = 2tan --------------------- 2 2 b 0

C2 R1 vin R3 R4 C1 R2 vout

Figure 11.42. Circuit for Exercise 4

The coefficients a and b can be found from

a 1 0 = ( 0 ) = 2tan ----------- b 1

For arbitrary values of C 1 = C 2 , we can compute the resistances from

2 R 2 = --------------a 0 C 1 ( 1 K )R 2 R 1 = ----------------------4K R2 R 3 = ----K R2 R 4 = -----------1K

For 0 < 0 < 180 , we compute the coefficient a from

4K 1K 2 a = -------------------------------- 1 + 1 + ------------ tan ( 0 2 ) 1K 2K tan ( 0 2 )

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Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

Exercises
and for 180 < 0 < 0 , from
4K 1K 2 a = -------------------------------- 1 1 + ------------ tan ( 0 2 ) 1K 2K tan ( 0 2 )

Using these relations, compute the appropriate values of the resistors to achieve a phase shift 0 = 90 at f 0 = 1 KHz with K = 0.75 . Choose the capacitors as C 1 = C 2 = 0.01 F and plot phase versus frequency. Solution using MATLAB is highly recommended. 5. The Bessel filter of Figure 11.43 has the same configuration as the low-pass filter of Example 11.3, and achieves a relatively constant time delay over a range 0 < < 0 . The second-order transfer function of this filter is
2 V out ( s ) 3K 0 G ( s ) = ---------------- = -------------------------------------2 2 V in ( s ) s + 3 0 s + 3 0

R2 R1 vin C1

C2 R3 vout

Figure 11.43. Circuit for Exercise 5

where K is the gain and the time delay T 0 at 0 = 2f 0 is given as

12 T 0 = T ( 0 ) = ----------- sec onds 13 0

We recognize the transfer function G ( s ) above as that of a low-pass filter where a = b = 3 and the substitution of 0 = C . Therefore, we can use a low-pass filter circuit such as that of Figure 11.43, to achieve a constant delay T 0 by specifying the resistor and capacitor values of the circuit. The resistor values are computed from

Signals and Systems with MATLAB Applications, Second Edition Orchard Publications

11-77

Chapter 11 Analog and Digital Filters

2(K + 1) R 2 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2 ( aC 1 + a C 1 4 bC 1 C 2 ( K 1 ) ) 0 R2 R 1 = ----K 1 R 3 = ---------------------------2 bC 1 C 2 R 2 0

Using these relations, compute the appropriate values of the resistors to achieve a time delay T 0 = 100 s with K = 2 . Use capacitors C 1 = 0.01 F and C 2 = 0.002 F . Plot G ( s ) versus frequency. Solution using MATLAB is highly recommended. 6. Derive the transfer function of a fourth-order Butterworth filter with C = 1 rad s . 7. Derive the amplitude-squared function for a third-order Type I Chebyshev low-pass filter with 1.5 dB pass band ripple and cutoff frequency C = 1 rad s . 8. Use MATLAB to derive the transfer function G ( z ) and plot G ( z ) versus for a two-pole, Type I Chebyshev high-pass digital filter with sampling period T S = 0.25 s . The equivalent analog filter cutoff frequency is C = 4 rad s and has 3 dB pass band ripple. Compute the coefficients of the numerator and denominator and plot G ( z ) with and without pre-warping.

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