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    Fact Box: 22412 Chemspider

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    This document provides information about chromium in three paragraphs. It discusses the discovery of chromium, its uses in steel production and other applications, and its role in human biology. Some key facts are that chromium was discovered in 1780, is used to produce stainless steel and harden regular steel, and is an essential nutrient for humans that helps the body use glucose.

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    Fact Box: 22412 Chemspider

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    This document provides information about chromium in three paragraphs. It discusses the discovery of chromium, its uses in steel production and other applications, and its role in human biology. Some key facts are that chromium was discovered in 1780, is used to produce stainless steel and harden regular steel, and is an essential nutrient for humans that helps the body use glucose.

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    This document provides information about chromium in three paragraphs. It discusses the discovery of chromium, its uses in steel production and other applications, and its role in human biology. Some key facts are that chromium was discovered in 1780, is used to produce stainless steel and harden regular steel, and is an essential nutrient for humans that helps the body use glucose.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    41 views9 pages

    Fact Box: 22412 Chemspider

    Uploaded by

    Dion Tri
    This document provides information about chromium in three paragraphs. It discusses the discovery of chromium, its uses in steel production and other applications, and its role in human biology. Some key facts are that chromium was discovered in 1780, is used to produce stainless steel and harden regular steel, and is an essential nutrient for humans that helps the body use glucose.

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    1780 Discovery date N.L.

    Vauquelin Discovered by Origin of the nameThe name is derived from the Greek 'chroma', meaning colour. Allotropes 24

    51.996

    Fact Box
    Group Period Block Atomic number State at room temperature Electron configuration ChemSpider ID 6 4 d 24 Solid [Ar] 3d54s1 22412 Melting point 1907 oC, 3464.6 oF, 2180.15 K Boiling point 2671 oC, 4839.8 oF, 2944.15 K Density (kg m-3) 7194 Relative atomic 51.996 mass Key isotopes CAS number
    52

    Cr

    7440-47-3

    ChemSpider is a free chemical structure database

    Penemuan tanggal 1780 Ditemukan oleh N.L. Vauquelin Asal nama Nama ini berasal dari bahasa Yunani 'kroma', yang berarti warna. alotrop 24 Cr 51.996 fakta Kotak Grup 6 Titik lebur 1907 oC, oF 3464,6, 2180,15 K Periode 4 Titik didih 2671 oC, oF 4839,8, 2944,15 K Blok d Densitas (kg m-3) 7194 Nomor 24 massa atom atom relatif 51,996 Negara di isotop Kunci suhu kamar Padat 52Cr Konfigurasi elektron [Ar] 3d54s1 Nomor CAS 7440-47-3 ChemSpider ID 22412 ChemSpider adalah database bebas kimia struktur

    Uses / Interesting Facts


    Image explanation The image reflects the toxic nature of the metal and its high reflectivity when polished particularly in car hub caps and motorbikes. Appearance A hard, silvery metal with a blue tinge. Chromium is added to steel to produce stainless steel, so called as the mixture does not rust. Chromium is also used in alloys and ceramics, and is an essential element for humans because it helps us to use glucose. We take in about 1 milligramme a day; foods such as brewers yeast, wheat germ and kidney are rich in chromium. However it is poisonous in excess. Uses Chromium is used to harden steel, to manufacture stainless steel (named as it wont rust) and to produce several alloys. It is also used in plating as it prevents corrosion and gives a high-lustre finish. It is also used as a catalyst. Chromium compounds are valued as pigments for their vivid green, yellow, red and orange colours. The ruby takes its colour from chromium, and chromium added to glass imparts an emerald green colour. Biological role Chromium is an essential trace element for humans because it helps us to use glucose. We take in about 1 milligramme a day; foods such as brewers yeast, wheat germ and kidney are rich in chromium. However it is poisonous in excess. Natural abundance Chromium is found principally in the ore chromite, which is found in many places including Kazakhstan, South Africa, Iran, Finland and India. Chromium metal is usually produced commercially by reduction of chromium(III) oxide by aluminium, or by electrolysis of chrome alum. Menggunakan / Fakta menarik gambar penjelasan Gambar mencerminkan sifat beracun dari logam dan reflektifitas tinggi ketika dipoles terutama di topi hub mobil dan sepeda motor. penampilan A, logam keras keperakan dengan semburat biru. Kromium ditambahkan ke baja untuk memproduksi baja stainless, yang disebut sebagai campuran tidak berkarat. Kromium juga digunakan dalam paduan dan keramik, dan merupakan elemen penting bagi manusia karena membantu kita untuk menggunakan glukosa. Kami mengambil sekitar 1 miligram sehari; makanan seperti ragi, bibit gandum dan ginjal kaya kromium. Namun itu adalah beracun berlebihan. menggunakan Kromium digunakan untuk mengeras baja, untuk memproduksi stainless steel (bernama karena tidak akan berkarat) dan untuk memproduksi paduan beberapa. Hal ini juga digunakan dalam pelapisan karena mencegah korosi dan memberikan hasil akhir yang tinggi berkilau. Hal ini juga digunakan sebagai katalis. Senyawa kromium dinilai sebagai pigmen untuk hidup hijau mereka,

    kuning, warna merah dan oranye. Ruby mengambil warna dari kromium, dan kromium ditambahkan ke kaca mengajarkan warna zamrud hijau. hayati peran Kromium adalah elemen jejak penting bagi manusia karena membantu kita untuk menggunakan glukosa. Kami mengambil sekitar 1 miligram sehari; makanan seperti ragi, bibit gandum dan ginjal kaya kromium. Namun itu adalah beracun berlebihan. alam kelimpahan Kromium ditemukan terutama di kromit bijih, yang ditemukan di banyak tempat termasuk Kazakhstan, Afrika Selatan, Iran, Finlandia dan India. Kromium logam ini biasanya dihasilkan secara komersil dengan mereduksi Cr (III) oksida dengan aluminium, atau dengan elektrolisis tawas krom.

    Atomic Data
    Atomic radius, non-bonded ()2.060 Covalent radius ()1.3 Electronegativity 64.237 1.660 Electron affinity (kJ mol-1) (Pauling scale) st 1 652.867 2nd 1590.627 3rd 2987.184 4th 4743.215 Ionisation energies (kJ mol-1) 5th 6701.866 6th 8744.932 7th 15455.008 8th 17820.827

    Supply Risk
    Scarcity factor Country with largest reserve base Crustal abundance (ppm) Leading producer Reserve base distribution (%) Production concentration (%) Total governance factor(production) 3.5 Kazakhstan 135 Canada 21.40 33.40 6 Top 3 countries (production) Top 3 countries (mined)

    1) Kazakhstan 2) South Africa 3) India 1) Canada 2) USA 3) Mexico

    atom data

    Jari-jari atom, non-ikatan () 2,060 radius kovalen () 1,3 Elektron afinitas (kJ mol-1) 64,237 Elektronegativitas

    (Pauling skala) 1,660 ionisasi energi (kJ mol-1) 1 652.867 2 1590.627 3 2987.184 4 4743.215 5 6701.866 6 8744.932 7 15455.008 8 17820.827 pasokan Risiko

    Kelangkaan faktor 3,5 Negara dengan cadangan terbesar basis Kazakhstan Kerak kelimpahan (ppm) 135 Memimpin produsen Kanada Cadangan basis distribusi (%) 21,40 Produksi konsentrasi (%) 33,40 Pemerintahan Jumlah total faktor (produksi) 6

    Top 3 negara (ditambang)

    1) Kazakhstan 2) Afrika Selatan 3) India

    Top 3 negara (produksi)

    1) Kanada 2) Amerika Serikat 3) Meksiko

    Oxidation States / Isotopes


    Common oxidation states Isotopes 6, 3, 2, 0 Atomic Isotope mass
    50 52 53

    Natural abundance (%) 4.345 83.789 9.501 2.365

    Half life > 1.3 x 1018 y -

    Mode of decay +EC -

    Cr

    49.946 51.941 52.941 53.939

    Cr Cr 54 Cr

    Pressure / Temperature - Advanced


    Molar heat capacity 23.35 279.1 Young's modulus (GPa) (J mol-1 K-1) 160.1 Shear modulus (GPa)115.4 Bulk modulus (GPa) Vapour pressure 40060080010001200140016001800200022002400 Temperature (K) 2.45 7.59 2.39 --1.852.1774-Pressure (Pa) x 10-8x 10-5x 10-2 Oksidasi Amerika / Isotop

    Umum oksidasi 6, 3, 2, 0 Isotop Isotop kelimpahan massa Atom Alam (%) Setengah hidup Mode peluruhan 50Cr 49,946 4,345> 1,3 x 1018 y + EC 52Cr 51,941 83,789 53Cr 52,941 9,501 54Cr 53,939 2,365 Tekanan / Suhu - Lanjutan

    Molar kapasitas panas (J mol-1 K-1) 23,35 Young modulus (GPa) 279,1 Modulus geser (GPa) 115,4 Massal modulus (GPa) 160,1 tekanan uap

    Suhu (K) 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Tekanan (Pa) --- 2,45 x 10-8 7.59 x 10-5 2,39 x 10-2 1,8 52,1 774

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