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Nucleotide Monomers of DNA

DNA contains nucleotide monomers that form the double helix structure. DNA is replicated by DNA polymerase and contains the genetic code. During transcription, RNA polymerase copies DNA to form mRNA, which carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. During translation, mRNA is decoded on ribosomes by tRNA and rRNA to produce proteins according to the base pairing rules of codons and anticodons. Mutations can occur through changes in the DNA sequence.

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27 views5 pages

Nucleotide Monomers of DNA

DNA contains nucleotide monomers that form the double helix structure. DNA is replicated by DNA polymerase and contains the genetic code. During transcription, RNA polymerase copies DNA to form mRNA, which carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. During translation, mRNA is decoded on ribosomes by tRNA and rRNA to produce proteins according to the base pairing rules of codons and anticodons. Mutations can occur through changes in the DNA sequence.

Uploaded by

reallysecret
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nucleotide

Monomers of DNA.

Double Helix

Model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule to a twisted ladder

Base Pairing Rules

A=T C=G

Replication

Process by which DNA is copied

DNA polymerase

Enzyme that helps with the replication

Central dogma

Theory that states information goes from DNA , RNA and proteins

RNA

Nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis

Transcription

Process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA

RNA polymerase

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for protein synthesis

mRNA

rRNA

RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein

tRNA

Form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Translation

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

Codon

Sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for one amino acid

Stop codon

Codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation

Start codon

Codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation

Anticodon

Set of 3 nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that cinds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation

promoter

Section of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds, starting the transcription of mRNA Section of DNA that contains all of the code to begin transcription, regulate transcription, and build a protein Sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis

Operon

Exon

Intron

Segment of a gene that does not code for an amino acid

Mutation

Change in the DNA sequence

Point mutation

Mutation that involves a substitution of only one nucleotide

Frameshift mutation

Mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Mutagen

Agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in organisms

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