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Operant Conditioning Theory of Learning

Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment in response to the consequences of that behavior. Psychologist B.F. Skinner described operant conditioning and identified four contexts: positive reinforcement which increases behavior through rewarding stimuli, negative reinforcement which increases behavior through removing unpleasant stimuli, positive punishment which decreases behavior through unpleasant stimuli, and negative punishment which decreases behavior through removing pleasant stimuli. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement of desired behaviors and reduction of incentives for undesirable behaviors to change human behavior.

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324 views

Operant Conditioning Theory of Learning

Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment in response to the consequences of that behavior. Psychologist B.F. Skinner described operant conditioning and identified four contexts: positive reinforcement which increases behavior through rewarding stimuli, negative reinforcement which increases behavior through removing unpleasant stimuli, positive punishment which decreases behavior through unpleasant stimuli, and negative punishment which decreases behavior through removing pleasant stimuli. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement of desired behaviors and reduction of incentives for undesirable behaviors to change human behavior.

Uploaded by

Prajwal Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERANT CONDITIONING THEORY OF LEARNING

THEORIES OF LEARNING
CLASSSICAL CONDITIONING

SOCIAL LEARNING

LEARNING

OPERANT CONDITIONNING

CONGNITIVE LEARNING

INTRODUCTION

Operant conditioning is a form of learning during which an individual modifies the occurrence and form of its own behavior due to the consequences of the behavior.

Psychologist B.F. Skinner was the first to describe operant conditioning.

REINFORCEMENT, PUNISHMENT, AND EXTINCTION

Reinforcement and punishment, the core tools of operant conditioning, are either positive (delivered following a response), or negative (withdrawn following a response). This creates a total of four basic consequences, with the addition of a fifth procedure known as extinction(i.e. no change in consequences following a response)

FOUR CONTEXTS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING

Positive reinforcement (Reinforcement): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus that is appetitive or rewarding, increasing the frequency of that behavior. Negative reinforcement (Escape): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing that behavior's frequency.

THE SKINNER BOX EXPERIMENT

Positive punishment (Punishment) (also called "Punishment by contingent stimulation"): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus. Negative punishment (Penalty) (also called "Punishment by contingent withdrawal"): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of a stimulus.

OPERANT CONDITIONING TO CHANGE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

State Goal (aims for the study) Monitor Behaviour (log conditions) Reinforce desired behaviour(give reward for proper behaviour) Reduce incentives to perform undesirable behaviour

A SKIT SHOWING THE THEORY AT WORK

THANK YOU ! !

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