PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY CERTIFIED (PTT) REV. DATE NO.

18-FebD1 08 D2 1-Jul-08

PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED ONSHORE COMPRESSOR STATION 4 PROJECT

REVISED BY

APPROVED BY ISSUED FOR ITB

DESCRIPTION

REVISION ISSUED FOR ITB

SPECIFICATION FOR PIPING GROUP EQUIPMENT SPACING

AREA CODE OF SITE LOCATION GENERAL AREA: 010 PTT PLC. CONTRACT NO.

PTT PLC. PROJECT NO. 0804.02

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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CONTENT SECTION 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 SCOPE ..................................................................................................... 3 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................... 3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................ 4 STANDARDS AND GUIDES......................................................................... 5 SPACING OF UNITS AND AREAS ................................................................ 6 ON SITE SPACING ....................................................................................12 OFFSITE SPACING....................................................................................22 TANKAGE................................................................................................27

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 1.0 SCOPE

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The scope of this standard is to define the basic design, equipment spacing criteria and standards to be used in the layout of plant and equipment. The recommendations are based on current practice within the industry and are intended, as a minimum, to satisfy the requirements of all relevant Government safety recommendations. Where applicable this standard is to be read and utilised in conjunction with relevant National mandatory standards, listed codes and regulations which also apply to the location of the project. In the event of any conflict, Contractor shall seek clarification from the Client before proceeding. Generally, the most stringent requirements shall apply. This standard is not applicable for the following: 2.0 Toxic Materials Handling Plant Explosives Plant Nuclear Plant Pharmaceutical Plant Equipment within Enclosed Buildings Offshore Facilities Well Drilling Sites for Oil or Gas

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The objective of the spacing recommendations is to ensure that maximum economical use is made of available plot areas, compatible with the safety of personnel and vulnerability of plant. In achieving this end, consideration shall be given to: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) Accessibility for normal operation and maintenance Accessibility for fire fighting Accessibility for emergency shutdown Accessibility for evacuation of personnel Segregation of high-risk facilities and sources of ignition Protection of critical emergency facilities Protection of adjacent facilities in event of fire Security of installations from outside hazards Minimising danger and inconvenience to personnel and property beyond the boundary fence.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION j) k) l) m)

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n) 2.2

Ergonomic Factors Escape access ways shall be as straight and obstruction free as possible. Hazardous area classification Ensuring that flammable vapour generated from one facility will diffuse to a concentration well below the lower explosive level (LEL) before it reaches any other facility or area where a source of ignition may exist. Providing a reasonable degree of protection (distance) against heat radiation

Circumstances will arise where it will be difficult to adhere to the minimum spacing requirements; e.g. where there are severe limitations on plot availability. In such cases a reduction of minimum spacing (less than 10%) shall only be acceptable, after agreement with PTT/CONSULTANT. Any reductions in the proposed distances between equipment shall be subject to a Risk Assessment or Hazard Analysis. In this case extra safety features such as Firewalls, Sprinklers, Emergency Shutdown Facilities etc., shall be required to be incorporated into the design in order to compensate for the reduction in the distances between the equipment. Such reductions shall not be made without prior reference to PTT/CONSULTANT. Other factors may require spacing greater than minimum recommendation of this Standard. In this category consideration should be given to: Proximity of adjacent property and the consequential environmental and public relations effects. Special process hazards, which may necessitate increased spacing. Special plant maintenance or installation considerations Future development plans both inside and outside the boundary fence. Topographical features of site and direction of prevailing winds Political security factors. Special hazard zoning plans for existing plant areas.

2.3

3.0

DEFINITIONS The following definitions are used throughout the standard.

3.1

Flash Point The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a product gives off sufficient vapour to form a mixture with air that can be ignited by a flame or spark.

3.2

Auto Ignition Temperature (AIT)

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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The auto-ignition temperature is the temperature at which a product will burn without application of any other form of ignition. The AIT of most petroleum products is between 250C and 500C. In general the AIT of petroleum hydrocarbons decrease with higher boiling fractions whereas flash points increase. 3.3 Sources of Ignition Possible sources of ignition include the following: 3.3.1 Electrical Sparks or arcs may occur when current carrying contacts are separated or through static electricity discharge. 3.3.2 Naked Lights E.g. fired heaters, fires, smoking, hot work, gas welding, etc. 3.3.3 IC Engines Spark-ignition systems, exhaust hot spots. 3.3.4 Spontaneous Combustion Pyrophoric materials, vapour leakage at temperatures above AIT. 3.3.5 Frictional Ignition Grit blasting, power tool grinding, mechanical failure of rotating machinery. 3.3.6 High Temperature Surfaces Transfer lines, HP steam lines, and other hot surfaces. 4.0 STANDARDS AND GUIDES Philosophy on plant layout is contained within various standards and guides, including; SPC-0804.02-50.01 Design Instruction for Piping Arrangement. Noise Control Eng. Std. Institute of Petroleum Model Codes of Safety Practice, Part 3 LP GAS Association Code of Practice 1 Institute of Petroleum Model Codes of Safety Practice, Part 9, LPG

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installations,(IP15) Model Code of Safe Practise in the Petroleum Industry Part 15 NFPA-30 (Flammable & Combustible Liquids Code) NFPA-58 (Storage and Handling of LPG) NFPA-59 (Storage and Handling of LPG) NFPA-59A (Storage and Handling of LNG) Fire Fighting Systems European Standard EN 1473, Installation and equipment for LNG Design of onshore installations. European Model Code of Safe Practices in the Storage and Handling of Petroleum Products. Part 1, Operations. API Standard 2510 Design and Construction of LPG Installations Thai Fuel Oil Storage Act 2474 Announcement of the ministry of liquid petroleum gas containment

Note: Reference should be made to these documents when producing the optimum layout of the relevant plant facilities. 5.0 SPACING OF UNITS AND AREAS Fig.1 Show a typical overall PLOT PLAN 5.1 Process Unit A process complex consists of a combination of plants, each carrying out a specific processing duty. These plants are defined as PROCESS UNITS. Equipment items within the process unit limits are referred to as on-site equipment. On-site Spacing Chart, Fig. 4, gives the recommended spacing between these items of equipment. Equipment limits are determined by an imaginary line drawn around the outer edge of equipment within the Process Unit. 5.2 Process Area Several process units may be combined to form a PROCESS AREA. These units may be integrated, i.e. by no spacing between units other than basic equipment spacing, or may be laid out as separate units with spacing between equipment limits (as defined above) based on fire fighting access, process hazard or separate shut-down requirements; depending on overall plant philosophy.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 5.3 Process Block

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A number of process areas may be combined to form a PROCESS BLOCK. Fig. 2 indicates an example of a Process Block showing the arrangement of a Process Unit (integrated and separate) and Process Areas within the block. The basic minimum spacing between Units and Areas are given on Fig. 2. 5.4 Tankage Block Fig. 3 shows the basic minimum spacing between bunded areas for a TANKAGE BLOCK.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Fig. 1 Typical Overall Plot Plan.

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CRUDE OIL TANKAGE

GRADE PIPETRACK

FIRE TRAINING

FUTURE TANKAGE

TANKAGE BLOCKPRODUCT STORAGE

FUTURE UTILITY AREA

UTILITY AREA

EFFLUENT TREATMENT.

STORM DRAIN INTERMEDIAT TANKS

ELEVATED PIPERACK

PROCESS UNITS

LPG SPHERES ADMIN BLDG.

FUTURE PROCESS UNITS

FUTURE EXPANSION

GATE HOUSE

REFINERY BOUNDARY FENCE LINE

PROCESS BLOCK

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Fig. 2 Example of a Process Block

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Shows the process block divided into areas: and an area divided into units. Also show the dimensions of the clearances required.

10m 10m

50m

15m

50m

15m

50m

10m

A
SEPARATE UNIT

B
PROCESS AREA

CC
SEPARATE UNIT ALL EQUIPT WITHIN LINES

80m

UNIT LIMIT EQUIPT. LIMITS

UNIT LIMIT EQUIPT. LIMITS ACCESS

30m RESTRICT TO 300m (approx) 80m

EQUIPMENT LIMIT

SINGLE LARGE UNIT

30m

ACCESS

INTEGRATED UNITS (No Physical Separation) 60m

C B

10m

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Fig. 3 typical Tankage Block

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ACCESS ROAD

30m

30m

30m

Dimensions are from the inside of the top bund wall. Bund should not be less than 15 m. from the outer boundary of the installation or the protection belt. This is to allow for an access for fire fighting and also to create a safe distance from the boundary.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Fig. 4 On Site Spacing Chart
This chart to be used with On-site spacing guide. Note:

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All distances in metres N.A. Not applicable. X Provide spacing based on access for operation and maintenance. Y As required see On-site spacing guide.

Basic spacing is the recommended distance required between a given facility and other general processing equipment. This spacing is not required between items in similar service, (i.e. pumps and spare etc). See notes in section 7.1: On-site spacing guide.

ITEM REF. RA1 3 4.5 1.5 7.5 7.5 1.5 1.5 4.5 7.5 1.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 10 7.5 15 15 7.5 22.5 X 4.5 4.5 7.5 4.5 22.5 15 1 1 3 X Y X RB1 RC1 RD1 RE1 RF1 RG1 RH1 RI1 RJ1 RK1 TOWERS 1.5
REACTORS ABOVE AIT EXTERNALLY 4.5 INSULATED REACTORS ABOVE AIT INTERNALLY INSULATED

BASIC SPACING

7.5 1.5 22.5 7.5 4.5 1.5 3 15

DRUMS

ON-SITE PRESSURE STORAGE VESSEL

BLOWDOWN AND DISENGAGING DRUMS

EXCHANGERS OPERATING ABOVE AIT

EXCHANGERS OPERATING BELOW AIT

AIR FIN COOLERS FIRED HEATERS

1.5 4.5 7.5 1.5 22.5 7.5 4.5 3 4.5 7.5 3 22.5 7.5 4.5

COOLING TOWERS PUMPS ABOVE AIT RL1 RM1 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RN1

15 4.5 7.5 15 22.5 15 7.5 15 15

4.5

15 15 15 15 22.5 15 15 15 15 30

4.5 4.5 7.5 4.5 22.5 15 4.5 4.5 4.5 7.5 15 1.5 3 4.5 7.5 3 22.5 7.5 4.5 3 3 15 15 4.5

7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 22.5 15 7.5 7.5 7.5 22.5 15 7.5 7.5

PUMPS HANDLING FLAMMABLE 3 MATERIALS GAS COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDERS 7.5 HANDLING FLAMMABLE MATERIALS COMPRESSOR DRIVERS (OTHER THAN 10.5 STEAM OR MOTOR) EQUIPMENT HANDLING NONFLAMMABLES RO1

X 30 15 15 N.A. 4.5 7.5

10.5 4.5 7.5 10.5 22.5 15 4.5 10.5 10.5 7.5 15 4.5 10.5 X X 4.5 4.5 X X X 4.5 X X 4.5 X 4.5 X X

RP1 RQ1 RR1

CENTRAL CONTROL HOUSE UNIT CONTROL HOUSE

30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 15 15 15 15 22.5 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 22.5 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 X 3 4.5 4.5 X 22.5 X 4.5 X X 3 15 15 4.5 6 4.5 3 3 7.5 X X

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION RS1 RT1 X X X X X RU1 RV1

MAIN EQUIPMENT STRUCTURES

EMERGENCY VALVES ETC ON SITE PIPE RACKS

30 15 15 7.5 4.5 4.5 X

EMERGENCY VALVES FOR SHUT-OFF, ISOLATING, SNUFFING ETC

4.5 4.5 1.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 1.5

1.5 4.5 4.5

7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 22.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 N.A. 15 N.A. 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5

X N.A. 7.5

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 6.0 ON SITE SPACING

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The recommended spacing for on-site equipment is indicated in On-site Spacing Chart Fig. 4. The information on this chart is supplemented by explanatory notes which are contained in Section 7.1 On-Site Spacing Guide. It is essential that reference is made to Section 7.1 when using On-Site Spacing Chart Fig. 4. Against each type a basic spacing dimension is quoted. This basic spacing is the recommended distance in metres between the item and other general process equipment. The recommended spacing between different items is given at the intersection of the horizontal line for one item and the vertical line from another. In general, this shall be the greater of the basic spacing dimensions for the two items. Explanatory notes can be found in Section 7.1. The spacing between two similar items is given in the first box adjacent to the item. Note that basic spacing is not required between items in the same service. 6.1 On-Site Spacing Guide (Use with on-site spacing chart Fig. 4)

6.1.1 Ref.: RA1 Towers (Basic Spacing 1.5 metres) The basic spacing of 1.5 metres provides access for operation and maintenance. The distance between two towers is twice the basic dimension. This provides some additional access for fire fighting and clearance for noncoincidental platforms. 6.1.2 Ref. RBI Reactors (Above AIT externally insulated) (Basic spacing 4.5 metres) The basic spacing of 4.5 metres provides access for fire fighting and minimises damage to other equipment. The external insulation protects the reactor shell from fires on other equipment. Reactors may be grouped together; in which case operational and maintenance access of 1.5 metres between shells is satisfactory. Reactors operating below AIT may be regarded as drums, i.e. drum spacing recommendations will apply (see Ref. RD1). Spacing from Ref. RF1 is in excess of the greater basic dimension as the Reactor is regarded as high-risk equipment. Since the Reactor is operating above AIT, other sources of ignition are not a spacing consideration and basic reactor spacing of 4.5 metres will apply, e.g. items Ref. RJ1 and R01.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 6.1.3 Ref. RC1 Reactors

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(Above AIT internally insulated. Basic spacing 7.5 metres) The basic spacing of 7.5 metres provides access for fire fighting, minimises damage to other equipment in event of reactor fire, and protects exposed shell. N.B. Internally lined reactor shells are more susceptible to fire damage than unlined vessels. Reactors may be grouped together; in which case operational and maintenance access of 1.5 metres between shells is satisfactory. Reactors operating below AIT may be regarded as drums, i.e. drum spacing recommendations will apply (see Ref. RD1). Spacing from RF1 is in excess of the reactor after basic dimension as the reactor is regarded as high-risk equipment. Since the reactor is operating above AIT, other sources of ignition are not a spacing consideration, basic reactor spacing of 7.5 metres will apply, e.g. items RJ1/R01. Spacing from Refs. RP1, RT1, RU1 these items are not regarded as fire hazardous the spacing of 4.5 metres will give these items protection in the event of reactor fires. 6.1.4 Ref. RD1 Drums (Basic Spacing 1.5 metres) The basic spacing of 1.5 metres access for operation and maintenance. Spacing from RU1 is the basic drum spacing as the pipe rack is not considered fire hazardous. Drums should not be located under pipe racks. 6.1.5 Ref. RE1 On-site Pressure Storage Vessels (Basic Spacing 22.5 metres) The basic spacing of 22.5 metres minimises exposure of unit equipment to a potential source of severe fire, and blast damage in the event of an explosion. Pressure storage in on-site locations shall be avoided wherever possible. It is sometimes necessary, e.g. in solvent propane dewaxing and deasphalting units to provide pressure storage facilities on-site; in such instances the inventory shall be held to a minimum and the storage vessel located at the unit battery limit and as far as possible from fired heaters and other source of ignition. For pressure storage vessels, in the same service provide a minimum of one diameter between shells for operational and maintenance access. Spacing from RU1 pipe racks is not considered as fire hazardous- spacing of 4.5 meters affords protection to these items in the event of storage vessel fire.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 6.1.6 Ref. RF1 Blow-down and Disengaging Drums (Basic spacing 7.5 metres)

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The basic spacing of 7.5 metres provides protection to the Drum in the event of fire within the unit. For high-risk equipment the spacing shall be increased to 15 metres. High risk equipment includes reactors, exchangers and pumps, operating above AIT, fired heaters, gas compressors and expanders, and their drivers, e.g. items Ref. RB1, RC1, RG1, RL1, RN1, R01. Spacing from Ref. RU1 pipe racks are not regarded as fire hazardous spacing of 4.5 metres affords protection to the pipe rack in the event of blowdown drum fire. 6.1.7 Ref. RG1 Exchangers (Operating above AIT) (Basic spacing 4.5 metres) The basic spacing of 4.5 metres minimises damage to other equipment in event of fire. Exchangers operating above AIT are high-risk items with greater probability of fire than for exchangers operating below AIT. Exchangers above AIT in the same service, i.e. connected by a common process stream, may be spaced 1.0 metres apart; for other exchangers basic spacing of 4.5 metres shall apply. Spacing from Ref. RJ1 since the fluid in the exchanger is already above its AIT, the fired heater, in this case, does not represent a source of ignition. However, a heater fire is considered likely to be more severe than other plant fires, so spacing greater than basic is applied to minimise damage to the exchanger in the event of a heater fire. Spacing from Ref. R01 since the fluid in the exchangers is above its AIT, the compressor driver does not represent a source of ignition. Therefore, exchanger basic spacing of 4.5 metres applies. Spacing from RF1 is in excess of the greater basic dimension as the exchanger (above AIT) is regarded as a high-risk item. Spacing from ref. RP1 protects equipment from a high fire risk system. 6.1.8 Ref. RH1 Exchangers (Operating below AIT) (Basic spacing 1.5 metres) The basic spacing of 1.5 metres provides access for maintenance and operation. There are no limitations on spacing exchangers from pipe racks exchanger spacing applies. 6.1.9 Ref. RI1 Air Fin Coolers

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION (Basic spacing 3 metres)

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Air fin coolers by virtue of their design and operations are particularly vulnerable to fire hazard. For this reason grade mounted units isolated from other equipment are preferred. However, because of restrictions on area availability, it is common practice to mount air fin coolers on top of the pipe rack. In such cases consideration shall be given to the following: Air fin coolers shall not be mounted over pumps, compressors, drums or heat exchangers, containing flammable materials. There shall be no flanges or valves in any hydrocarbon lines on the rack beneath an air fin cooler. Horizontal spacing requirements of on site spacing chart, Fig.4, shall be met. Support legs for the air fin cooler shall be fireproofed in accordance with the relevant Project Engineering Standard. Access shall be provided for tube bundle removal by mobile equipment. The basic spacing of 3.0 metres (horizontal) minimises exposure to fire hazard air fins are more vulnerable to fire damage than shell and tube exchangers. Ref. RU1 the basic spacing of 3.0 metres is applicable to grade mounted air fin coolers only. 6.1.10 Ref. RJ1 Fired Heaters (Basic spacing 15 metres) A fired heater by its nature is a permanent source of ignition while operating. A heater fire is likely to be of maximum severity. The basic spacing of 15 metres separates equipment handling flammable vapours from a permanent source of ignition and affords protection in the event of a major heater fire. Heater location will sometimes be predetermined by the requirement of grouping to a common stack with heaters from other process units. Where such restrictions are not applied, the heater location shall be selected on the windward side of the unit with reference to the prevailing wind, close to the battery limit and as far as practicable from other equipment. Consideration shall also be given to the proximity of plant and equipment outside the unit battery limit. When the heater has an individual stack, the top of the stack shall be at least 3 metres higher than equipment within a horizontal distance of 15 metres and at least 3 metres higher than any operating platform within a horizontal distance of 65 metres.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Ref. RJ1 - If all heaters in a group shutdown together at plant turnaround, spacing between shells can be for normal maintenance only. If heaters are required to shutdown individually, spacing of 7.5 metres between shells is required for LP operation (less than 7 kg/cm2g) and 15 metres between shells for HP operation (7 kg/cm2g and above). Refs. RB1, RC1, RG1, RL1 are items operating above their AIT and in these cases the fired heater is not considered to be the primary source of ignition, spacing is based on affording protection in the event of heater fire. For reformer heater/reactor installations, where vapour only is present in heater tubes and reactors, spacing may be further reduced to 3 metres in the case of Ref. RB1 and 5 metres in the case of Ref. RC1. Ref. RN1 the compressor area is regarded as a special risk area in view of the potential release of large vapour quantities. Spacing greater than the basic dimensions are required. Ref. R01 the compressor driver is not considered a source of ignition in this case. The spacing of 7.5 metres minimises damage to the compressor driver in the event of heater fire. Ref. RP1 a spacing of 4.5 metres minimises damage in the event of the heater fire. For equipment higher than 3 metres, spacing shall be increased to 7.5 metres from heaters with liquid in their tubes. Reduced spacing is permitted because there is no flammable material release in the event of damage. Ref. RU1 because of severity of heater fire, spacing to pipe racks is greater than basic. N.B. This does not apply to heaters own pipe rack 6.1.11 Ref. RK1 Cooling Towers (Basic spacing 15 and 30 metres) Basic spacing of 15 metres applies to equipment lower than the cooling tower; basic spacing of 30 metres to equipment higher than the cooling tower. The cooling tower becomes a source of hazard in the event of tube failure in a water cooler. Basic spacing provides for dispersion of hazardous vapours, minimises corrosive effects of spray impingement and visibility problems from exhaust plume. The cooling towers shall be located on the leeward side of a process unit with reference to the prevailing wind. Ref. RU1 the factors above are not consideration in the case of a pipe rack. Pipe rack basic spacing will apply.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 6.1.12 Ref. RL1 Pumps (Above AIT) (Basic spacing 4.5 metres)

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Pumps operating above AIT are a high fire risk. Basic spacing of 4.5 metres provides fire-fighting access and minimises damage to other equipment. Ref. RF1 because of the high fire risk, spacing greater than basic shall be provided from this item. Ref. RJ1 the fired heater is not considered a source of ignition in this case. Spacing of 7.5 metres is provided between two high-risk items. Ref. RL1 pumps in the same service shall be spaced at 1.5 metres. pumps in different services basic spacing of 4.5 metres applies. For

Ref. R01 the compressor driver is not considered a source of ignition in this case. Basic spacing for pump applies. Ref. RP1 a spacing of 4.5 metres minimises damage in the event of a pump fire. Ref. RU1 spacing is horizontal from edge of rack to pump stuffing box. 6.1.13 Ref. RM1 Pumps handling Flammable Materials (Basic spacing 3.0 metres) The basic spacing provides for fire fighting and minimises damage in the case of fire. Pumps in the same service may be spaced at 1 metre, which provides access for operation and maintenance. Ref. RU1 spacing is horizontal from edge of rack to pump stuffing box. 6.1.14Ref. RN1 Gas Compressor and Expanders (Basic spacing 7.5 metres) When there is more than one compressor on a process unit, it is usual to locate these, together with their auxiliaries, in a designated area. Basic spacing is not applied between the compressors or their auxiliaries, access for operation and maintenance is provided. Compressors are costly items so basic spacing is greater to allow additional protection in the event of a fire. Small compressors (200 HP and less) shall be treated as pumps for spacing purposes. Ref. RF1 and RJ1 spacing greater than basic is provided because of the highrisk nature of these items.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Ref. RU1 is not a hazard producing item. The basic spacing of 4.5 metres provides protection in the event of compressor fire. 6.1.15 Ref. R01 Compressor Drivers(Other than steam or motor) (Basic spacing 10.5 metres) Basic spacing is not applicable between Compressor and driver. Gas turbine, gas engine or internal combustion engine drivers are sources of ignition. Basic spacing of 10.5 metres affords safe spacing from a source of ignition. For items RB1, RC1, RG1, RL1, which are operating above AIT, the driver is not considered to be the primary source of ignition. The basic spacing for these items therefore applies. Ref. RJ1 spacing of 7.5 metres protects driver in event of heater fire. Ref. RF1 spacing greater than basic provides additional protection to critical item. Ref. RU1 the pipe rack is not a hazard rack basic spacing applies. 6.1.16 Ref. RP1 Equipment Handling Non Flammables (Spacing provided for operational and maintenance access) Ref. RB1, RC1, RG1, RJ1, RL1 spacing of 4.5 metres provides protection to equipment in the event of fire at likely sources of ignition. 6.1.17 Ref. RQ1 Central Control House (Basic spacing 30 metres) Basic spacing of 30 metres affords protection to personnel and critical control equipment from plant fire or explosion hazard. Consideration shall be given in special circumstances to blast-resistant design of building. Ref. RU1 on site pipe racks shall not be nearer than 30 metres to the Control House. Provided lines are fully welded with no valves or flanges, a pipe rack may be brought to 7.5 metres from one side only of a central control house. 6.1.18 Ref. RR1 Unit Control House (Basic spacing 15 metres) The location of a unit control house is obviously less critical than a central control house. It should be located at the battery limit adjacent to a roadway. Basic spacing minimises risk to personnel and equipment in the event of a unit fire.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Ref. RU1 pipe rack basic spacing applies provided lines are fully welded without valves or flanges. 6.1.19 Ref. RS1 Electrical Sub-station (Basic spacing 15 metres) Electrical sub-stations are located close to the battery limit and near to a roadway. The basic spacing is fixed by Area Classification considerations and provides protection to the electrical equipment in the event of unit fire. Ref. RU1 pipe racks do not present a major hazard. applies. 6.1.20 Ref. RT1 Main Equipment Structures (Basic spacing not applicable) Sufficient spacing shall be allowed from ignition sources of high-risk RC1 items to prevent damage to structure in event of fire or explosion. Items RB1, RC1, RE1, RG1, RJ1, RL1, RN1 are in this category. In most other cases the equipment in the structure will govern its location with respect to other equipment. 6.1.21 Ref. RU1 On-site Pipe Racks (Basic spacing 4.5 metres) Pipe rack basic spacing gives protection to the pipe rack in the event of equipment fires within a process unit. Items Ref. RB1, RC1, RE1, RG1, RK1, RN1 and R01 are located on this basis. Item Ref. RJ1 fired heater is a possible source of a major fire. Spacing greater than basic is required in this case. N.B. This limitation does not apply to the pipe rack serving the heater area. The pipe rack in itself is not considered highly hazardous. In general equipment which is not hazardous may be located on access and operability considerations relative to the pipe rack. Items Ref. RA1, RD1, RH1, RI1 (grade mounted) are in this category. In special cases where the hazard from the pipe rack shall be minimised, fittings and flanges which could be sources of leakage shall be eliminated from the pipe rack in the vicinity, e.g. from pipe racks under air fin exchangers and from pipe racks in the vicinity of control houses, i.e. items RI1, RQ1 and RR1. Pumps are also considered as a special case as, for layout purposes, access and operability, it is usual to have pumps in close proximity to the pipe rack, e.g. items Ref. RL1 and RM1 spacing is horizontal distance from pump stuffing box to edge of pipe rack. Basic rack spacing

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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6.1.22 Ref. RV1 Emergency Valves for Shut-off, Isolation, Snuffing, etc. (Basic spacing 7.5 metres) The basic spacing is the distance between the emergency valve and the equipment it controls. It can be located adjacent to other equipment. Ref. RE1 and RJ1 are exceptionally hazardous items. these items there applies. The basic spacing for

Where it is necessary for reasons of plant layout to locate emergency shut-off valve manifolds closer to a heater than 15 metres, a fire wall shall be provided between the manifold and the heater at a minimum distance of 7.5 metres from the heater. 6.1.23 Roads of width 6 metres or more Maintain a minimum of 10m between roads and any hydrocarbon containing equipment.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Fig. 5 Off-Site Spacing Chart

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This chart to be used with Off-site spacing guide. Note: All distances in metres N.A. Not applicable X Provide spacing based on access for operation and maintenance.

Basic spacing is the recommended distance required between a given facility and other general processing equipment.

See notes in section 8.1: Off-site spacing guide.

FACILITY REF. RA2 X 30 X X 45 60 15 60 15 60 30 45 X 30 30 X X X RB2 RC2 RD2 RE2 X X N.A. X X X RF2 RG2 RH2 RJ2 RK2 RL2
BOILER HOUSES AND POWER 30 STATIONS BUILDINGS, MAIN OFFICES, WORKSHOPS, LABORATORIES, ETC

BASIC SPACING 45
15/30

COOLING TOWERS

JETTIES (LOADING ARM MANIFOLD)

60 45 45 45 45 45 4.5 45 45 15 60 15 30

MAIN ELECTRICAL SUB-STATIONS

60 60 60 N.A.

FIRE STATION

MAIN FIRE WATER PUMPS FIRE TRAINING AREA

LOADING RACKS FOR LOW FLASH PRODUCTS

45 45 45 60 45 45 45 N.A. 45 60 30 60 45 45 45 45 N.A. 6 45

MAJOR OFFSITE PIPE TRACKS

PROCESS AREAS BOUNDARY FENCE RM2 RN2 X RO2 RP2 RQ2 X RR2

15 4.5 X 7.5 4.5 4.5 45 15 N.A. X 30 60 X X X

45 60 30 60 45 45 45 45 45 4.5 15 45 45 4.5 45 N.A. 30 45 15 15 45 45 30 45 15 4.5 15 45

MAJOR PUMP AREAS RAILWAY MAIN LINES

PLANT RAIL FACILITIES

30 7.5 30 60 7.5 7.5 7.5 60 45 7.5 60 N.A. 45 N.A. 15 7.5 15 15 7.5 7.5 7.5 45 N.A. 4.5 45 N.A. 15 N.A. N.A. 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 4.5 45 45 30 60 30

MAIN EFFLUENT TREATMENT 45

30 45 30 60 45 45 45 45 45 4.5 45 45 30 60 15 30 N.A.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 7.0 OFFSITE SPACING

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Facilities outside the confines of a Process Block, e.g. boiler houses and power stations, administration offices, workshops, effluent treatment, flare stacks, jetty and rail loading, blending facilities etc., are referred to as off-site facilities. It is customary to combine the utility type facilities, e.g. steam generation, water treatment, plant air etc., within a utility area or block. Effluent treatment, flare and similar high hazard off-site facilities are generally located remote from process facilities, utility areas and administration areas. Spacing of flare stacks requires special consideration based on relief loads and thermal radiation levels. Reference shall be made to the Process Engineer. The recommended spacing off-site equipment is indicated in Off-site Spacing Chart, Fig. 5. The information on this chart is supplemented by explanatory notes contained in Section 7.1 Off-site Spacing Guide. It is essential that reference is made to Section 7.1 when using Off-site Spacing Chart, Fig. 5. Against each item a basic spacing dimension is quoted. This basic spacing is the recommended distance in metres between the item and other equipment/facilities. The recommended spacing between different items is given at the intersection of the horizontal line from one item and the vertical line from another. In general, this shall be the greater of the basic spacing dimensions for the two items, otherwise explanatory notes can be found in Section 7.1. The spacing between similar equipment/facilities is given in the first box adjacent to the item. 7.1 Off-site Spacing Guide (Use with off-site spacing chart Fig. 5) 7.1.1 Ref. RA2 Boiler Houses and Power Stations (Basic spacing 30 metres) The basic spacing protects critical equipment from fire or explosion in process equipment. Ref. RB2 buildings are not considered hazardous to boilers and generating plant and vice versa. Therefore, spacing less than basic for buildings is acceptable.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Ref. RK2 spacing protects pipe track from possible fire in boiler house. Ref. RO2 railway main lines are not at risk from facilities and do not present a risk to facilities. Boiler basic spacing applies. Ref. RP2 rail sidings present a minimum risk to facilities. Siding basic spacing applies. Note that steam generators forming an integral part of a process unit are considered as fired heaters. In such cases, on-site basic spacing will apply. 7.1.2 Ref. RB2 Buildings, Main Office Block, Workshops, Laboratories etc. (Basic spacing 45 metres) The basic spacing protects personnel from fires and explosions in process equipment. For high hazard process equipment, spacing in excess of basic is applied. Items Ref. RD2, RJ2, RL2 fall into this category. Items Ref. RA2, RK2, RO2, RP2 are not considered high-risk items. Spacing less than basic building space is applied. 7.1.3 Ref. RC2 Cooling Towers (Basic spacing 15 metres and 30 metres) Two basic spacing are given for Cooling Towers. The lower basic spacing is for equipment that is lower than the cooling tower. The higher basic spacing is for equipment that is taller than the cooling tower and where it is necessary to minimise the corrosion, visibility and ice formation problems, resulting from the impingement of the cooling tower exhaust plume. A cooling tower can become a source of hazard due to release at atmosphere of flammable vapours, caused by tube failure in water cooled exchangers. The higher basic spacing distance is considered adequate for dispersal of these vapours. Spacing greater than cooling tower basic is applied from highly hazardous sources, e.g. items Ref. RD2 and RH2. Items Ref. RF2, RG2 and RO2 do not present a hazard to these cooling towers. Cooling tower basic spacing is therefore applied. Items Ref. RJ2 and RL2 are possible sources of fire. Higher cooling tower basic spacing is applied to these items. Items Ref. RM2 and RO2 do not present a hazard to the cooling tower. Cooling tower higher basic spacing is applied for environmental considerations.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Item Ref. RK2 the cooling tower is not considered to be at risk from the pipe track. Pipe track basic spacing is applied. 7.1.4 Ref. RD2 Jetties (Loading arm manifold basic spacing 60 metres) The basic spacing protects facilities from fires at loading manifolds or on tankers and vice versa. Items Ref. RN2, RP2, RQ2 are not considered as sources of hazard. spacing for these items will apply. 7.1.5 Ref. RE2 Main Electrical Sub-stations (Basic spacing 45 metres) The basic spacing protects electrical equipment from explosion or fire in process areas. By using blast resistant construction, this basic spacing may be reduced. Items Refs. RK2, RO2, RP2 are not considered as major sources of hazard. Spacing less than basic is allowed. 7.1.6 Ref. RF2 Fire Station (Basic spacing 45 metres) The basic spacing provides protection to the fire station and equipment in the event of fire in the process areas. Items Ref. RA2, RC2, RK2, RO2 and RP2 are not considered as major sources of hazard. Spacing less than basic is allowed. Items Ref. RB2, RE2, RG2 and RM2 are not hazardous to the fire station. Location is determined by access and maintenance considerations. 7.1.7 Ref. RG2 Main Fire Pumps (Basic spacing 45 metres) The basic spacing provides protection to prevent loss of pumps from fire exposure. Items Ref. RA2, RC2, RK2, RN2, RO2 and RP2 are not considered sources of major hazard. Spacing less than basic is allowed. Items Ref. RB2, RE2, RF2 and RM2 are not hazardous to fire pumps. Location is determined by access and maintenance considerations. Basic

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 7.1.8 Ref. RH2 Fire Training Area (Basic spacing 45 metres)

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The basic spacing protects vulnerable process equipment from a source of ignition. Spacing also allows smoke dispersal. 7.1.9 Ref. RJ2 Loading Racks (Basic spacing 45 metres) The basic spacing is considered adequate for the dispersal of spillage or vapour releases. During unloading it also protects the equipment in the event of fires at process areas and vice versa. In locating main loading racks, consideration shall be given to access from outside and to minimising the flow of traffic through process areas. Spacing shall be sufficient to allow the safe manoeuvring of road tankers and for rail sidings where applicable. Items Ref. RC2, RK2 and RN2 are not considered hazardous with respect to the loading area. Spacing less than loading rack basic is acceptable in these instances. For item Ref. RB2 spacing greater than basic is applied to reduce hazard to personnel. 7.1.10 Ref. RK2 Major Off-site Pipe Tracks (Basic spacing 4.5 metres) The basic spacing of 4.5 metres minimises hazard to off-site piping in the event of fires at major plant areas. For items Ref. RC2, RF2, RL2, RM2, RN2, RP2, RQ2 and RR2, this criterion applies. For items Ref. RA2, RB2, RE2, RH2, RJ2 and RO2 greater spacing is applied for commodity criticality or personnel hazard requirement. 7.1.11Ref. RL2 Process Areas (Basic spacing 45 metres) The basic spacing minimises damage to other areas or equipment in the event of fire or explosion in the process area and vice versa. For item Ref. RB2 spacing greater than basic is applied to reduce hazard to personnel. Items Ref. RC2, RK2 and RN2 are not considered at high hazard from process areas. The basic spacing for these items is therefore applied.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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A process to process area spacing of 15 metres is considered sufficient to permit independent shutdown at turnaround. In the case of light end units this shall be increased to 25 metres. Where several process units are integrated, the internal spacing shall be based on maintenance, operational and fire fighting access. 7.1.12 Ref. RM2 Boundary Fence (Basic spacing 45 metres) The basic spacing provides protection to personnel and property outside the boundary fence in the event of explosion or fire. It also protects the facilities inside the fence from external hazard. Item refs. RC2 and RK2 are reduced hazard items. Spacing less than the basic boundary spacing is acceptable in these instances. Item refs. RB2, RE2, RF2 and RG2 are not hazardous. Spacing from boundary fence is based on access or environmental consideration. 7.1.13 Ref. RN2 Major Pump Areas (Basic spacing 15 metres) The basic spacing affords protection to pump areas in the event of fire or explosion in process facilities and allows access for fire fighting. Pump areas, because of their low inventory, do not present a major hazard to other equipment. Spacing less than basic item spacing is therefore permitted from these items, e.g. items Ref. RD2, RG2, RJ2, RL2, RO2 and RQ2. 7.1.14 Ref. RO2 Railway Main Lines (Basic spacing 60 metres) The basic spacing protects personnel and railway property from fire or explosion inside plant. Items Ref. RA2, RC2, RJ2 and RN2 present a reduced hazard to railway property. Spacing less than basic is permitted in these cases. 7.1.15 Ref. RP2 Rail Sidings (Basic spacing 15 metres) A rail siding can be considered as a source of ignition from a locomotive engine. The basic spacing protects flammable equipment or sources of vapour emission from this hazard. Items Ref. RC2, RD2, RN2 and RR2 fall in this category.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Non-hazardous items may be located at less than the basic spacing. Items Ref. RB2, RE2, RF2, RG2 and RK2 fall in this category. For item Ref. RQ2, additional spacing is required to permit dispersal of vapours. 7.1.16 Ref. RQ2 Main Effluent Treatment (Basic spacing 45 metres) A basic spacing of 45 metres from process areas or other sources of ignition allows for dispersal of vapours, which are likely to be emitted at a separator. Items Ref. RA2 to RJ2, RL2, RM2 and RR2 fall in this category. Lower risk facilities, not representing a source of ignition, may be located not less than 30 metres from a separator. Items Ref. RN2 and RP2 fall in this category. Item Ref. RK2, off-site pipe tracks, is a minimum risk item. Its basic spacing applies. 7.1.17 Ref. RR2 Facilities for Heat Sensitive Materials (Basic spacing 30 metres) Heat sensitive materials are liable to decomposition explosions on prolonged exposure to heat. The basic spacing of 30 metres protects the facilities from such exposure. Items Ref. RK2 and RP2 are not sources of fire. Spacing less than basic 30 metres will be acceptable in these instances. 8.0 TANKAGE This section gives basic guidance for the spacing and bund capacities of storage tanks, storage spheres and cylinders. In cases where a conflict may occur between this document and the Thai Fuel Storage act B.E. 2474, then that Act shall always take precedence. For specific spacing direction, particularly for LPG and LNG duties, refer to the relevant listed standard(s). Other types of bulk storage, e.g. underground caverns, are not covered by this standard. 8.1 Flammable Liquids Petroleum products by their nature are potentially hazardous, the degree of hazard being directly related to their volatility and flash point.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION These are classified: Class 0 Class I Class II (1) Class II (2) Class III (1) Class III (2) Unclassified 8.2 Types of Tankage

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Liquified petroleum gas Liquids having flash points below 21C Liquids with flash points from 21C to 55C stored below flash point Liquids with flash points from 21C to 55C stored at or above flash point Liquids with flash points from 56C to 100C stored below flash point Liquids with flash points from 56C to 100C stored at or above flash point Liquids which have flash points above 100C

8.2.1 The type of tank used to store a particular product is generally specified by Clients requirements. In the absence of such requirements, type selection should be referred to the Process Design Co-ordinator. 8.2.2 Fixed or Cone Roof Tanks (CR) For the storage of Class III (1) and Class III (2) and Unclassified products. Other classes of product may be stored in this type of tank, provided that the vapour pressure at storage temperature is less than atmospheric pressure (e.g. refrig. atmosphere storage of LPG/LNG). 8.2.3 Floating Roof Tanks (FR) For the storage of Class II (1) and Class II (2) flammable products in the middle flash point range. 8.2.4 Spheres and Cylinders (SP and CYL) For the storage of Class 0 and Class I highly flammable products, which have flash points below 21C, e.g. pressure storage of LPG products. 8.2.5 Table 1 This table gives typical examples: Product C3 C4 C3 C4 LPG/LNG Benzene Xylene Type of Tank or Vessel CYL SP CR CR CR FR FR Class 0 0 0 0 0 I I Comments Pressure Storage Pressure Storage Refrig. Atmos. Storage Refrig. Atmos. Storage Refrig. Atmos. Storage

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Product Reformate Gasoline Naphtha Kerosene Jet Fuel Crude Oil Type of Tank or Vessel FR FR FR FR FR FR Class I I I II (1) II (1) II (2)

SPC-0804.02-50.03 PAGE: 29 OF 41 REV: D2 Comments

Boil/roll Over Tendencies

Gas Oil/Diesel FR III (1) LFO CR III (2) MFO CR III (2) HFO CR III (2) Heavy Oil/Residue CR III (2) Asphalt/Bitumen CR Unclassified Note: Certain produce classifications may change if operational temperatures are increased. 8. 3 Definitions

8.3.1 Bund or Firewall A wall of pre- determined height constructed of concrete, earth, or any other suitable material and designed to confine spillage of tank contents. 8.3.2 Bunded Area An area bounded by bund walls to confine spillage. 8.3.3 Exposed Bunded Area The nett effective area bounded by a bund wall after the deduction of tank areas contained within the bunded area. 8.3.4 Secondary or Intermediate Bunds As for bund above, but usually no higher than 600mm in order to contain local spillage within a sub-area of the main bunded area. 8.3.5 Bund Capacity The volume in cubic metres that can be contained within the exposed bunded area. 8.3.6 Tank Group A number of tanks contained within a common bund. 8.3.7 Small Tanks A tank of 10 metres diameter or less and capacity of 8000 cubic metres of water or less is deemed to be a small tank.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION 8.4 Grouping and Spacing of Tanks

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8.4.1 It is desirable to group tanks for the storage of the same products in one group within a bund area, subject to the prescribed limitations of the bunded capacity. 8.4.2 It is desirable that LPG or other liquefied flammable gases should be stored remote from other products. 8.4.3 Intermediate and component tankage should be located in areas local to their respective units where possible so that lines can be kept to a minimum length. 8.4.4 Account should be taken of the possibility of storing more than one class of material in certain tanks or of changing the tank service at some future date. Where future changes of service of the storage tanks are anticipated, the layout and spacing should be for the most stringent case. 8.4.5 Wherever possible storage tanks should not be located on high ground overlooking the facilities. This prevents spillage of flammable liquid flowing downhill and endangering the operating plant. 8.4.6 For fire fighting reasons there should be no more than two rows of tanks between adjacent access roads. 8.4.7 Intermediate bunds may be provided to divide the tankage into groups of a convenient size so as to contain small spillage and act as firebreaks. 8.4.8 For Class III (1) and Unclassified petroleum stocks spacing of tanks is governed only by constructional and operational convenience. Note that the spacing of Class III (1) tankage from Class I, II or III (2) tankage is governed by the latter. 8.5 Sizing of Bunds

8.5.1 Tank bund volumes shall comply with the requirements summarised below: 110% of the capacity of the largest storage vessel located within the bund after deducting the volume up to top of bund height of all other tanks in the same bunded area. (HSE ref.) 8.5.2 The effective height of the bund used in calculating the capacity of the enclosure shall be the constructed height less an amount sufficient to allow for future consolidation, settlement and possible erosion of the fill. This freeboard allowance shall be: 150mm for 0.6 to 1.2 m effective height 225 mm for 1.5 m effective height 300 mm for 1.8 m effective height, plus 50 mm for each 0.3 m of height over 1.8 m.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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8.5.3 Bund Walls shall generally be constructed using earth embankments having a crest of 600-mm minimum width. 8.5.4 For bunds over 1.2 m in height, stairs shall be provided for personnel. 8.5.5 In the event that there is inadequate space for construction of earthen bund walls due to restricted site dimensions, the use of reinforced concrete retaining walls will be permitted.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Example 1 Cone Roof Tanks (CR)

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Tanks greater than 10 metres dia. Class II and III (2) Storage

A A
CR

A B
CR

CR

B A

CR INSIDE TOP OF BUND

A D

EQUIPMENT/FACILITY REFERENCE LINE. SEE TABLE 2

Maximum Total Tankage Capacity of Group: 60,000m3 should not be exceeded (HSE ref) Minimum Bund Capacity: See Paragraph 8.5 Spacing A to suit construction and operating conditions but not less than half tank height. B The least of (i) half the diameter of largest tank (ii) diameter of the smaller tank. Shall be minimum of10 metres and need not exceed 15m C & D See Table 2

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Example 2 Floating Roof Tanks (FR)

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Class I, II and III (2) Storage

A A
FR

A B
FR

FR

FR INSIDE TOP OF BUND

A D

A C

EQUIPMENT/FACILITY REFERENCE LINE. SEE TABLE 2

Maximum Total Tankage Capacity of Group 120,000m3 should not be exceeded. (HSE ref.) Minimum Bund Capacity See Paragraph 8.5. For tanks larger than 60,000m3 not more than 2 tanks in same compound. Spacing A to suit construction and operating conditions but not less than half of tank height. B 10 metres for tanks up to and inc. 45m dia. For tanks above 45m dia., half the diameter of largest tank or the diameter of smaller tank - but not less than15 metres (HSE ref.) C & D See Table 2

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Example 3

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Cone Roof (CR) and Floating Roof (FR) in a Common Bund Class I and II

A A
CR

A B
CR

FR

B A

FR INSIDE TOP OF BUND

A D

EQUIPMENT/FACILITY REFERENCE LINE. SEE TABLE 2

Maximum Total Tankage Capacity of Group x 60,000 No of FR Tanks No of Tanks in group Minimum Bund Capacity: See Paragraph 8.5. Spacing A Distance equal to not less than height of tank. B The least of (i) half the diameter of largest tank (ii) diameter of the smaller tank. Shall be minimum of10 metres and need not exceed 15m C & D See Table 2 +60, 000m3

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Example 4 Class I and II.

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Cone and Floating Roof Tanks not exceeding 10 metres diameter

A B A

GROUP OF TANKS NOT EXEEDING 8000m3 TREATED AS ONE TANK (ref. HSE doc.)

OTHER TANKAGE IN COMMON BUND

INSIDE TOP OF BUND

Fixed or floating roof tanks not exceeding 10 metres diameter may be grouped together up to a total of 8000m3 and treated as one tank if grouped with other tanks. Total overall tank capacity including other tanks in common bund not to exceed 60,000m3 if other tanks are fixed roof type, or 120,000m3 if other tanks are floating roof type. (HSE ref.) Spacing A to suit construction or operating requirements B Half the diameter of larger tank but not less than 10 metres and need not be more than 15 metres.

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Example 5 Refrigerated Storage (LPG Products at low temperatures) Fixed Roof Tanks (CR) not more than 3 tanks in one compound.

A A
CR

A B
CR

CR

INSIDE TOP OF BUND

EQUIPMENT/FACILITY REFERENCE LINE. SEE TABLE 2

No refrigerated LPG storage tank shall be located within a bund enclosing any other tank. Each refrigerated storage tank shall have an individual bund unless spills can be directed safely away from adjacent tanks and equipment by means of drainage and diversion walls (as required) to an impounding basin located within the site boundary. Double containment storage tanks do not require a bund except for local containment of leakage from pipework, valves etc. Total recommended maximum tank capacity for bund not greater than 60,000m3 . Minimum Bund Capacity: See Paragraph 8.5. Spacing: A Minimum 30 metres B (Dia. of large tank + dia. of small tank) divided by two. C & D See Table 2

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION Example 6 Spheres

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Group of LPG pressure storage vessels (Class 0 products) Bullets and A A

d1

d1

A d1 SP SP

BL

BL

BL

d2

3 m (API 2510)

EDGE OF CATCHMENT AREA

EQUIPMENT/ FACILITY REFERENCE LINES. SEE TABLE 2

Notes: 1. Horizontal LPG tanks with capacities of 45 cu.m or greater shall not be formed into groups of more than six tanks each. Horizontal vessels used to store LPG shall be oriented so that their longitudinal axes do not point towards other containers, process equipment, control rooms loading or unloading facilities, or flammable or combustible liquid storage facilities located within the vacinity of the horizontal vessel. 2. Grading of the area under and surrounding the vessels shall direct any leaks or spills to a remote impoundment area. The remote impoundment area shall be located at least 15 metres from the vessels draining to it and from any hydrocarbon piping or other equipment. Maximum number of vessels in any one group 6. Recommended maximum capacity of all vessels within one group = 3 times capacity of largest vessel with in the group. Spacing: A = sum of diameters of 2 adjacent tanks, but not less than 2 metres, for bullets. (Reference IP LPG Vol1. Model Code of Safe Practice, Part 9) D See Table 2

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Example 7 Group of fixed roof refrigerated atmospheric storage tanks containing LNG (Class O product) - Double Containment Tanks Single Containment Tanks shall have a bunded [impounding] area. Minimum distance from tank to bund not to be less than: height of liquid level +LP gas pressure bund height (See NFPA 59A).

d1

d2

EQUIPMENT/FACILITY REFERENCE LINE. SEE TABLE 2

Spacing A = Minimum distance to give a max. thermal radiation flux = 32 kW/m2 in the event of fire (approximately equivalent to 30m). D See Table 2

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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Table 2 Minimum Tankage Spacing (Dimensions in Metres) (see tankage spacing examples 1,2,3,4,5,6 &7) Dimension C is a dimension from facility/equipment reference line to inside top of tank bund. Dimension D is a dimension from facility/equipment reference line to tank shell. Examples 5,6 &7: Refer to the listed Standards for more detailed spacing requirements regarding spillage catchment (impounding) areas and drainage. Spacing will need to be considered for individual cases. EXAMPLES 1,2,3,4 C D 15 15 15 15 15 a 15 15 15 15 15 30 30 30 30 30 15 30 50 NA 30 30 EXAMPLE 5 (note d) C D 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 d c 30 30 90 50 60 60 90 50 50 h 30 30 60 90 EXAMPLE 6 (note e) C D NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 90 50 60 60 90 50 50 30 25 60 90 EXAMPLE 7 (note f) C D NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 100 50 60 60 100 50 50 h 30 30 60 100

FACILITY/EQUIPMENT BOUNDARY FENCE EQUIPMENT LINE PROCESS AREA BUILDINGS FIXED SOURCE OF IGNITION HAZARDOUS FACILITIES (e.g. Jetty, Loading) PUMP AREAS TANK SHELL (adjacent group) REFRIG. FIXED ROOF TANKS PRESSURE STORAGE LPG b EDGE OF SITE ROADS CRITICAL AREAS Notes:

a To suit maintenance and operation requirements b Assumed fitted with water deluge system. c See notes on example 6 d, e & f: The equipment spacing listed for pressure or refrigerated storage of LPG and the refrigerated storage of LNG, within this standard, is for initial layout purposes (see also notes for examples 5, 6 &7). The detail design spacing will be a function of the allowable thermal radiation flux values (permitted for fire protection) and a hazardous assessment review. A summary of values and typical distances (in brackets), based on a 10m height above grade from liquid product containment, is as follows:

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

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d Typical maximum thermal radiation flux values* for refrigerated storage of LPG are: The outer surfaces of adjacent refrigerated storage vessels or surfaces thermally protected. =32 kW/m2 (30m) Outer surface of adjacent storage thermally protected tanks containing flammable products =32 kW/m2 (30m) Unprotected metal surfaces of adjacent storage tanks, pressure vessels and process facilities = 8 kW/m2 (50m) Protected work area, filling/discharge points = 8 kW/m2 (50m) Urban areas, work area = 5 kW/m2 (60m) Critical areas = 1.5 kW/m2 (90 m) (* Reference IP LPG Vol1. Model Code of Safe Practice, Part 9) e. Typical maximum thermal radiation flux values H for pressure stored LPG are:

The outer surfaces of adjacent pressure storage vessels or surfaces thermally protected. =44 kW/m2 (25m) Outer surface of adjacent storage thermally protected tanks containing flammable products =32 kW/m2 (30m) Unprotected metal surfaces of adjacent storage tanks, pressure vessels and process facilities = 8 kW/m2 (50m) Protected work area, filling/discharge points = 8 kW/m2 (50m) 2 Urban areas = 5 kW/m (60m) Critical areas = 1.5 kW/m2 (90m) (H Reference IP LPG Vol1. Model Code of Safe Practice, Part 9) f Typical maximum thermal radiation flux values I for LNG storage are: Concrete outer surface of adjacent storage tanks or surfaces behind thermal protection =32 kW/m2 (30m) Unprotected metal surfaces of adjacent storage tanks, pressure vessels and process facilities =15 kW/m2 (45m) Control rooms, workshops, laboratories and warehouses = 8 kW/m2 (50m) Administration building, work area = 5 kW/m2 (60m) Urban areas = 3 kW/m2 (66m) Critical areas = 1.5 kW/m2 (100m) (I Reference EN 1473:1997 for LNG storage- distances based upon IP LPG Vol1. Model Code of Safe Practice, Part 9) h Where multiple groups are required, each group shall be separated from unprotected adjacent groups by a minimum horizontal shell-to-shell distance of 50 metres for heights up to 10m (increase to 60m for unprotected items above 10m).

PIPING GROUP PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED EQUIPMENT SPACING ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION General:

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Where space is limited in tank layout areas, the use of firewalls, thermal protection screens, etc. may be considered. Special spacing is required between the listed items and oxygen and/or gaseous hydrogen storage. Refer to the relevant standard or guide.