TCP/IP Sockets in Java: Practical Guide for Programmers
Kenneth L. Calvert Michael J. Donahoo
Computer Chat
!
How do we make computers talk?
How are they interconnected?
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
! !
Datagram (packet) protocol Best-effort service
! ! ! !
Loss Reordering Duplication Delay
Host-to-host delivery
IP Address
! ! ! !
32-bit identifier Dotted-quad: 192.118.56.25 www.mkp.com -> 167.208.101.28 Identifies a host interface (not a host)
192.18.22.13
209.134.16.123
Transport Protocols
Best-effort not sufficient!
! !
Add services on top of IP User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
! !
Data checksum Best-effort Data checksum Reliable byte-stream delivery Flow and congestion control
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
! ! !
Ports
Identifying the ultimate destination
! ! !
IP addresses identify hosts Host has many applications Ports (16-bit identifier)
Application Port WWW 80 E-mail 25 Telnet 23
192.18.22.13
Sockets
!
Identified by protocol and local/remote address/port Applications may refer to many sockets
Clients and Servers
!
Client: Initiates the connection
Client: Bob Hi. Im Bob. Hi, Bob. Im Jane Server: Jane
Nice to meet you, Jane.
!
Server: Passively waits to respond
TCP Client/Server Interaction
Server starts by getting ready to receive client connections Server
" # $#
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
!"#$"#!%&'"()*"#$!%&')+ ),"- )!"#$"#!%&'"(. *"#$/%#(0 1
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Server
" # $#
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
2%#). 1 1 0 )3 ))))!%&'"()&4,(!%&')+ )))*"#$!%&'5 6&&"7 (. 0 1
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Server
" # $#
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
Server is now blocked waiting for connection from a client
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Server
" # $#
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
Later, a client decides to talk to the server
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Server
" # $#
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
!%&'"()*%&'"()+ ),"- )!%&'"(. *"#$"#8)*"#$/%#(0 1
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Server
" # $#
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
9:(7 :(!(#"6; )%:()+ )*%&'"(5< "(9:(7 :(!(#"6; . 0 1 %:(5 - #=(". > ?("@:22"#0 1
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Server
" # $#
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
!%&'"()&4,(!%&')+ )))*"#$!%&'5 6&&"7 (. 0 1
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Server
" # $#
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
A,7 :(!(#"6; )=,)+ )&4,(!%&'5 < "(A,7 :(!(#"6; . 0 1 #"&$B*< !=C")+ )=,5 #"6D . > ?("@:22"#0 1
" # $# %#
Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection
Server
" # $#
Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Client/Server Interaction
close(sock); close(clntSocket)
" # $# %# ) #
Client Create a TCP socket Establish connection Communicate Close the connection
" # $# %# ) #
Server Create a TCP socket Bind socket to a port Set socket to listen Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection
TCP Tidbits
! !
Client knows server address and port No correlation between send() and recv()
Client
out.write(Hello Bob)
Server
in.read() -> Hello in.read() -> Bob out.write(Hi ) out.write(Jane)
in.read() -> Hi Jane
Closing a Connection
! !
close() used to delimit communication Analogous to EOF
Client
out.write(string) while (not received entire string) in.read(buffer) out.write(buffer) close(socket)
Server
in.read(buffer) while(client has not closed connection) out.write(buffer) in.read(buffer)
close(client socket)
Constructing Messages
beyond simple strings
TCP/IP Byte Transport
!
TCP/IP protocols transports bytes
Application
byte stream Here are some bytes. I dont know what they mean.
Application
byte stream Ill pass these to the app. It knows what to do.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
Application protocol provides semantics
Application Protocol
! !
Encode information in bytes Sender and receiver must agree on semantics Data encoding
! !
Primitive types: strings, integers, and etc. Composed types: message with fields
Primitive Types
!
String
! !
Character encoding: ASCII, Unicode, UTF Delimit: length vs. termination character
77 M 0 o 111 111 0 m 109 109 0 \n 10
77
Primitive Types
!
Integer
!
Strings of character encoded decimal digits
55 7
!
49 1
57 9
57 9
56 8
55 7
48 0
10 \n
Advantage: Disadvantage:
1. Human readable 2. Arbitrary size 1. Inefficient 2. Arithmetic manipulation
Primitive Types
!
Integer
!
Native representation
0 0 92 246 23,798 4-byte twos-complement integer
Little-Endian
Big-Endian
!
246
92
Network byte order (Big-Endian)
! !
Use for multi-byte, binary data exchange htonl(), htons(), ntohl(), ntohs()
Message Composition
!
Message composed of fields
!
Fixed-length fields integer short short
Variable-length fields i k e 1 2 \n
