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Practical Socket Java

The document discusses how computers communicate over the internet using TCP/IP protocols. It explains that IP addresses identify hosts, while ports further identify applications. TCP provides reliable byte-stream delivery and flow control, where UDP only provides best-effort delivery. Sockets are identified by their protocol, address, and port tuple. The client initiates a connection to the server, which listens for connections and communicates with clients. Messages are constructed by encoding data as primitive types like strings and integers or composed messages with fields.

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Reagan Mbitiru
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833 views14 pages

Practical Socket Java

The document discusses how computers communicate over the internet using TCP/IP protocols. It explains that IP addresses identify hosts, while ports further identify applications. TCP provides reliable byte-stream delivery and flow control, where UDP only provides best-effort delivery. Sockets are identified by their protocol, address, and port tuple. The client initiates a connection to the server, which listens for connections and communicates with clients. Messages are constructed by encoding data as primitive types like strings and integers or composed messages with fields.

Uploaded by

Reagan Mbitiru
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TCP/IP Sockets in Java: Practical Guide for Programmers

Kenneth L. Calvert Michael J. Donahoo

Computer Chat
!

How do we make computers talk?

How are they interconnected?


Internet Protocol (IP)

Internet Protocol (IP)


! !

Datagram (packet) protocol Best-effort service


! ! ! !

Loss Reordering Duplication Delay

Host-to-host delivery

IP Address
! ! ! !

32-bit identifier Dotted-quad: 192.118.56.25 www.mkp.com -> 167.208.101.28 Identifies a host interface (not a host)

192.18.22.13

209.134.16.123

Transport Protocols
Best-effort not sufficient!
! !

Add services on top of IP User Datagram Protocol (UDP)


! !

Data checksum Best-effort Data checksum Reliable byte-stream delivery Flow and congestion control

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)


! ! !

Ports
Identifying the ultimate destination
! ! !

IP addresses identify hosts Host has many applications Ports (16-bit identifier)
Application Port WWW 80 E-mail 25 Telnet 23

192.18.22.13

Sockets
!

Identified by protocol and local/remote address/port Applications may refer to many sockets

Clients and Servers


!

Client: Initiates the connection


Client: Bob Hi. Im Bob. Hi, Bob. Im Jane Server: Jane

Nice to meet you, Jane.


!

Server: Passively waits to respond

TCP Client/Server Interaction


Server starts by getting ready to receive client connections Server
" # $#

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


!"#$"#!%&'"()*"#$!%&')+ ),"- )!"#$"#!%&'"(. *"#$/%#(0 1

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Server
" # $#

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


2%#). 1 1 0 )3 ))))!%&'"()&4,(!%&')+ )))*"#$!%&'5 6&&"7 (. 0 1

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Server
" # $#

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


Server is now blocked waiting for connection from a client

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Server
" # $#

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


Later, a client decides to talk to the server

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Server
" # $#

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


!%&'"()*%&'"()+ ),"- )!%&'"(. *"#$"#8)*"#$/%#(0 1

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Server
" # $#

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


9:(7 :(!(#"6; )%:()+ )*%&'"(5< "(9:(7 :(!(#"6; . 0 1 %:(5 - #=(". > ?("@:22"#0 1

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Server
" # $#

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


!%&'"()&4,(!%&')+ )))*"#$!%&'5 6&&"7 (. 0 1

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Server
" # $#

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


A,7 :(!(#"6; )=,)+ )&4,(!%&'5 < "(A,7 :(!(#"6; . 0 1 #"&$B*< !=C")+ )=,5 #"6D . > ?("@:22"#0 1

" # $# %#

Client Create a TCP socket Communicate Close the connection

Server
" # $#

Create a TCP socket Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Client/Server Interaction


close(sock); close(clntSocket)

" # $# %# ) #

Client Create a TCP socket Establish connection Communicate Close the connection

" # $# %# ) #

Server Create a TCP socket Bind socket to a port Set socket to listen Repeatedly: & # Accept new connection ' # Communicate ( # Close the connection

TCP Tidbits
! !

Client knows server address and port No correlation between send() and recv()

Client
out.write(Hello Bob)

Server
in.read() -> Hello in.read() -> Bob out.write(Hi ) out.write(Jane)

in.read() -> Hi Jane

Closing a Connection
! !

close() used to delimit communication Analogous to EOF

Client
out.write(string) while (not received entire string) in.read(buffer) out.write(buffer) close(socket)

Server
in.read(buffer) while(client has not closed connection) out.write(buffer) in.read(buffer)

close(client socket)

Constructing Messages
beyond simple strings

TCP/IP Byte Transport


!

TCP/IP protocols transports bytes


Application
byte stream Here are some bytes. I dont know what they mean.

Application
byte stream Ill pass these to the app. It knows what to do.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

Application protocol provides semantics

Application Protocol
! !

Encode information in bytes Sender and receiver must agree on semantics Data encoding
! !

Primitive types: strings, integers, and etc. Composed types: message with fields

Primitive Types
!

String
! !

Character encoding: ASCII, Unicode, UTF Delimit: length vs. termination character
77 M 0 o 111 111 0 m 109 109 0 \n 10

77

Primitive Types
!

Integer
!

Strings of character encoded decimal digits


55 7
!

49 1

57 9

57 9

56 8

55 7

48 0

10 \n

Advantage: Disadvantage:

1. Human readable 2. Arbitrary size 1. Inefficient 2. Arithmetic manipulation

Primitive Types
!

Integer
!

Native representation
0 0 92 246 23,798 4-byte twos-complement integer

Little-Endian

Big-Endian
!

246

92

Network byte order (Big-Endian)


! !

Use for multi-byte, binary data exchange htonl(), htons(), ntohl(), ntohs()

Message Composition
!

Message composed of fields


!

Fixed-length fields integer short short

Variable-length fields i k e 1 2 \n

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