FORMULA SHEET EE2FH3

sin( A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B cos( A B ) = cos A cos B sin A sin B 2sin A sin B = cos( A B) cos( A + B ) 2sin A cos B = sin( A + B) + sin( A B ) 2cos A cos B = cos( A + B ) + cos( A B) A+ B A B sin A + sin B = 2sin cos 2 2 A+ B A B sin A sin B = 2cos sin 2 2 A+ B A B cos A + cos B = 2cos cos 2 2 A+ B A B cos A cos B = 2sin sin 2 2 2 sin A = (1 cos 2 A) / 2
cos A = (1 + cos 2 A) / 2
2

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

1 , x k sin 2 x 1 (arcsin x) = ,| x |< 1 1 x2 1 (arccos x) = ,| x |< 1 1 x2 (cot x) =

(arccosh x) = (arctanh x) =

1 x2 1

, x >1

1 ,| x |< 1 1 x2 1 (arccoth x) = ,| x |> 1 1 x2

BASIC INTEGRALS OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

x n dx = n + 1 , n 1

x n +1

e x dx = e x , a x dx = ln a sin xdx = cos x , cos xdx = sin x

sin 2 x = cot x tan xdx = ln cos x
dx

ax

dx = ln x x dx cos2 x = tan x cot xdx = ln sin x

cos x = ln tan 2 + 4
sin x = ln tan 2
x
dx x

dx

sin 2 A = 2sin A cos A =

2 tan A 1 + tan 2 A cos 2 A = cos 2 A sin 2 A = 1 2sin 2 A = 2cos 2 A 1

SOME INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

DERIVATIVES OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

(const.) = 0 ( x ) = 1 ( e x ) = e x (a ) = a x ln a (ln x) = 1/ x 1 (log a x) = , a 1, x > 0 x ln a (sin x) = cos x (cos x) = sin x 1 (tan x) = , x (2k + 1) cos 2 x
x

( x k ) = kx k 1

1 (arctan x) = 1 + x2 1 (arc cot x) = 1 + x2 (sinh x) = cosh x (cosh x) = sinh x 1 = 1 tanh 2 x (tanh x) = cosh 2 x 1 = 1 coth 2 x (coth x) = 2 sinh x 1 (arcsinh x) = 1 + x2

(a 2 x 2 )3 / 2 dx = a 2 (a 2 + x 2 )3 / 2 dx =
x

a2 x2 1

x2 2 2 (a 2 + x 2 )3 / 2 dx = a 2 + x 2 + ln x + a + x x3 a2 dx = a 2 + x 2 + ( a 2 + x 2 )3 / 2 a2 + x2

a2 + x2 x

a 2 + x 2 dx = a arctan a

1 x

a 2 + x 2 dx = 2 ln ( a
1

+ x2

)
CONTINUED 1

FORMULA SHEET EE2FH3

1 1 ax x 2a ln a + x = a arctanh a ,| x |< a 1 x 2 a 2 dx = 1 arccoth x ,| x |> a a a x 2 2 a 2 + x 2 dx = a + x x2 1 2 2 2 2 2 a 2 + x 2 dx = 2 x a + x a ln x + a + x
2

0 2

cos mx cos nx dx = , sin mx cos nx dx = 0

0

, mn m=n0

sin mx sin nx dx = / 2,
0

, mn m=n0 , mn m=n0

1 a2 + x2 1

dx = ln( x + a 2 + x 2 )

cos mx cos nx dx = / 2,
0

1 a + ( a 2 + x 2 )1/ 2 dx = ln x a2 + x2 a x 2 x 2 dx = 0.5 x a 2 x 2 + a 2 arcsin( x / | a |) a 2 + x 2 dx = 0.5 x a 2 + x 2 + a 2 ln x + a 2 + x 2 a x 2 dx a 2 x 2 = 0.5 x a 2 x 2 + a 2 arcsin( x / | a |)

, m + n = even number 0 sin mx cos nx dx = 2m m 2 n 2 , m + n = odd number 0 / a, a > b > 0 (a b cos x) (a 2 + b2 2ab cos x) dx = 0, b > a > 0 0

VECTOR IDENTITIES A ( B C ) = C ( A B) = B (C A)

x x b ax + b dx = a a 2 ln | ax + b | 1 x b (ax + b)2 dx = a 2 ln | ax + b | + ax + b

A ( B C ) = B( A C ) C ( A B)
( + ) = + ( A + B) = A + B ( A + B) = A + B ( ) = + = 2
n = n n 1 (A) = A + A

x sin(ax)dx = [sin(ax) ax cos(ax)]/ a 2 x cos(ax)dx = [cos(ax) + ax sin(ax)]/ a 1 1 sinh(ax)dx = a cosh(ax) , cosh(ax)dx = a sinh(ax)
2

(ax 2 + b)
2

dx fx 2 + g

x ag bf arctan b fx 2 + g b ag bf 1 , mn m=n0

,(ag > bf )

SOME DEFINITE INTGERALS

( A B ) = B A A B (A) = A + A ( A B) = A B B A + ( B ) A ( A ) B

sin mx sin nx dx = ,
0

CONTINUED
2

FORMULA SHEET EE2FH3

( A B) = A ( B) + B ( A) + ( A ) B + ( B ) A
VECTOR TRANSFORMATIONS Rectangular Components Cylindrical Components a = ax cos + a y sin ax = a cos a sin a y = a sin + a cos a = ax sin + a y cos az = az az = az

Note: a = ax

+ ay + az x y z

= 2 A = 0 = 0 A = A 2 A

DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS Cartesian coordinates dl = dxx + dyy + dzz ; ds = dydzx + dxdzy + dxdyz ; dv = dxdydz Cylindrical coordinates dl = d + d + dzz ; ds = d dzr + d dz + d d z ; dv = d d dz Spherical coordinates dl = drr + rd + r sin d ; ds = r 2 sin d d r + r sin drd + rdrd ; dv = r 2 sin drd d COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS Rectangular Cylindrical x = cos = ( x 2 + y 2 )1/ 2 y = sin = arctan( y / x) z=z z=z Rectangular Spherical r = ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/ 2 x = r sin cos = arccos[ z /( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/ 2 ] y = r sin sin z = r cos = arctan( y / x) Cylindrical Spherical r = ( 2 + z 2 )1/ 2 = r sin = = z = r cos = arccos[ z /( 2 + z 2 )1/ 2 ]

Note: is the position angle of the observation point. Rectangular Components Spherical Components ax = ar sin cos + a cos cos a sin a y = ar sin sin + a cos sin + a cos az = ar cos a sin
ar = ax sin cos + a y sin sin + az cos a = ax cos cos + a y cos sin az sin a = ax sin + a y cos

Note: and are the position angles of the observation point. Cylindrical Components Spherical Components a = ar sin + a cos ar = a sin + az cos a = a a = a cos az sin az = ar cos a sin a = a Note: is the position angle of the point at which the vector exists.
SOME CONSTANTS

0 = 8.854187 1012 F/m, or 0 =

0 = 4 107

1 109 F/m 36 H/m; g = 9.8 m/s2 (Earth acceleration)

ELECTROMAGNETIC EQUATIONS Maxwells equations (differential form) B D E = ; H = + E + Jc ; D = ; B = 0 t t Coaxial line 2 b C1 = , F/m; L1 = 0 ln + 0 , H/m 2 a 8 ln(b / a ) CONTINUED

FORMULA SHEET EE2FH3

Twin-lead line
2 h h ln + 1 r r Parallel-plate Line w h C1 = , L1 = h w

C1 =

h h F/m; L1 = ln + 1 H/m r r
2

Spherical Coordinates 1 1 = r+ + r r r sin

F = 1 2 1 1 F (r Fr ) + ( F sin ) + r sin r sin r 2 r A 1 1 1 Ar A = ( A sin ) r + r sin r (rA ) r sin

DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS Rectangular Coordinates = x+ y+ z x y z F Fy Fz F = x + + x y z F Fy Fy Fx Fx Fz F = z y+ x+ z z x y z y x 2 2 2 ( ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 x y z

2 F = x 2 Fx + y 2 Fy + z 2 Fz
Cylindrical Coordinates 1 = z + + z 1 1 F Fz F = + ( F ) + z 1 Fz F F Fz 1 ( F ) 1 F F = + + z z z 1 1 2 2 ( ) 2 = + + 2 2 z 2

A 1 + (rA ) r r r 1 1 1 2 sin 2 = 2 r 2 + 2 + 2 2 r sin 2 r r r r sin 2 Ar 2 Ar 2 1 2 Ar cot Ar 2 A= 2 + Ar + 2 + 2 + r r r 2 r 2 r r 2 Ar 2 A 2 cot 1 2 A A 2 2 r + r 2 sin 2 2 r r2 r sin 2 A 2 A A 1 2 A cot A + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 r r r sin r 2 r r 2 A 2 Ar 2 cot A 1 + + r 2 sin 2 2 r 2 r 2 sin 2 2 A 2 A A 1 A cot A + + 2 + 2 + r r r r 2 sin 2 r 2 2 r 2 A 1 2 Ar 2 cot A + 2 + r 2 sin 2 2 r sin r 2 sin THE END