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Eigenfaces For Recognition: Matthew Turk and Alex Pentland

This document summarizes the eigenfaces approach for face recognition proposed by Turk and Pentland. It presents principal component analysis (PCA) as a way to reduce the dimensionality of the face images and build a face space. New images are then projected onto this face space and recognized by finding the closest match based on Euclidean distance. The document provides an example of building a face space from 40 images and recognizing new images of the same people with 85% accuracy. It discusses extensions like detecting faces and recognizing new people.

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Ashok Kumar
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211 views17 pages

Eigenfaces For Recognition: Matthew Turk and Alex Pentland

This document summarizes the eigenfaces approach for face recognition proposed by Turk and Pentland. It presents principal component analysis (PCA) as a way to reduce the dimensionality of the face images and build a face space. New images are then projected onto this face space and recognized by finding the closest match based on Euclidean distance. The document provides an example of building a face space from 40 images and recognizing new images of the same people with 85% accuracy. It discusses extensions like detecting faces and recognizing new people.

Uploaded by

Ashok Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eigenfaces for Recognition

Matthew Turk and Alex Pentland

presented by Kimo Johnson

Face Recognition
Faces
primary focus of attention determine identity and emotion

Human ability
speed robust to changes

Face Recognition
Computational models
criminal identification security systems human-computer interaction

Goals
fast reasonably simple accurate in constrained environments

Background
Individual features
eyes, nose, mouth, head outline position and size relationships

Disadvantages
multiple views fragile and complex

Eigenfaces
The eigenface approach
images are points in a vector space use PCA to reduce dimensionality face space
Sirovich & Kirby 1987 Kirby & Sirovich 1990

compare projections onto face space to recognize faces

PCA
Principal component analysis
X is m x n
m: dimensionality of image n: number of images

orthogonal change of variable

maximize variance of projected samples eigenvectors of covariance matrix

PCA
Optimization
We want eigenvectors of S (m x m) If m is much larger than n, form T (n x n)

Eigenface Recognition Procedure


Build face space
PCA choose M eigenfaces as a basis for face space

Project image vectors onto face space


nearest known face (Euclidean distance) matches thresholds for distance to face class vs. distance to face space
in face space, but no match not in face space

Example: Build Face Space


40 faces, 112 x 92 pixels = 10,304 pixels

Example: Build Face Space


X is 10,304 x 40, T is 40 x 40

Example: Build Face Space


Face Space = top 8 eigenfaces

Example: Recognize Faces


Same 40 people, different images

Example: Recognize Faces


recognize 34/40 = 85%

Extensions and Other Issues


Extensions
locating and detecting faces in images and video recognizing new faces

Other issues
eliminating the background scale and orientation invariance

Conclusions
Face recognition system
fast reasonably simple accurate in a constrained environment

Future work
robustness to changes learning new faces eigenfaces to determine gender or facial expressions

PCA details
Maximize variance of projected samples

PCA details
Solve using Lagrange multipliers

Solution is eigenvector of covariance matrix

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